Saturated fatty acids >C20 are not activated by acid:CoA ligase in rat brain or liver?

Lipids ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 504-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G. Murphy ◽  
Matthew W. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids

THE FORMATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM C14-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN SLICES FROM IMMATURE RAT BRAIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Major Acid ◽  
Developing Rat

The relative incorporation of several C14-labelled compounds into the phospholipid and free cholesterol of developing rat brain slices at various ages from 1 to 19 days was examined. Experiments have shown that labelling of saturated fatty acids of phospholipids and cholesterol from acetate-1-C14and propanoate-1-C14was much more in 1- to 9-day animals than in older animals while the labelling from non-fatty acid precursors such as ethanolamine-1,2-C14 and choline-Me-C14 was not greatly affected by the aging processes. Palmitic acid was the major acid labelled by acetate, but both stearic and myristic acids received appreciable activity.The results tend to indicate that the saturated fatty acids of rat brain phospholipids are formed rapidly at a very early stage in brain development. The activity of this synthetic system then appears to decrease to the low level apparent in the adult rat. The glycerol–phosphate-base moieties of the phospholipids, on the other hand, appear to retain their relatively high replacement activity at all ages.

scholarly journals Molecular composition of the phosphatidylcholines produced by the phospholipid methylation pathway in rat brain in vivo

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Lakher ◽  
R J Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Methylation Pathway ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

We examined the formation in vivo of molecular subspecies of brain phosphatidylcholine (PC) via the phospholipid-methylation pathway. [3H]Methionine was infused into a lateral cerebral ventricle, and 3H-labelled PC was isolated from brains of rats 0.1-18 h after the infusions. Three major subspecies of this PC, differing in their fatty acid compositions, were separated on silver-impregnated t.l.c. plates, and the proportions of radioactivities in these three PC fractions were determined. The results indicate that newly-formed PC synthesized by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine at 0.1 h after [3H]methionine contains a significantly higher proportion of polyunsaturated subspecies (i.e. those with six or four double bonds) than does PC obtained later times after injection of [3H]methionine. This change in the composition of 3H-labelled brain PC occurs gradually and is not due to an influx of radioactive PC from the periphery. Our data suggest that polyunsaturated PC (hexaenes and tetraenes) produced in the brain by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine turns over faster than does that containing more-saturated fatty acids.

On the specificity of cytidine diphosphate diglycerides in monophosphoinositide biosynthesis by rat brain preparations

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bishop ◽  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cytidine Diphosphate ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Some properties of the enzyme cytidine diphosphate diglyceride : inositol transferase which catalyzes the reaction[Formula: see text]have been studied with various preparations from rat brain. The enzyme was found to be primarily located in the microsomal fraction (either the 12 000 × g supernatant or the 90 000 × g pellet). Optimal conditions were established for pH and concentrations of each of the reactants and Mn2+ ion. A number of cytidine diphosphate diglycerides with different fatty acids in the 1- and 2-positions were synthesized chemically and used as substrates for the above reaction. The substrates included those with the following distribution of fatty acids: 1,2-dipalmitoyl; 1,2-distearoyl; 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoyl; 1-stearoyl,2-oleoyl; 1-oleoyl,2-stearoyl and 1,2-dioleoyl. It was observed that those substrates with oleic at the 2-position were more readily utilized than those containing palmitic or stearic acids at the 2-position or at both the 1- and 2-positions. This selectivity for cytidine diphosphate diglyceride with an unsaturated fatty acid at the 2-position was consistent with the pattern of fatty acid distribution found for isolated rat brain monophosphoinositide. In the latter, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic acids) were predominantly located at the 1-position and unsaturated fatty acids (20:4, arachidonic acid) were predominantly located in the 2-position.

scholarly journals Application of FTIR and LA-ICPMS Spectroscopies as a Possible Approach for Biochemical Analyses of Different Rat Brain Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. M. Ali ◽  
Fazle Rakib ◽  
Volker Nischwitz ◽  
Ehsan Ullah ◽  
Raghvendra Mall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Rat Brain Regions ◽  
The Brain

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a non-destructive analytical technique that has been employed in this research to characterize the biochemical make-up of various rat brain regions. The sensorimotor cortex, caudate putamen, thalamus, and the hippocampus were found to have higher olefinic content—an indicator of a higher degree of unsaturated fatty acids—rich in short-chain fatty acids, and low in ester and lipid contents. While the regions of the corpus callosum, internal, and external capsule were found to contain long-chained and higher-esterified saturated fatty acids. These molecular differences may reflect the roles of the specific regions in information processing and can provide a unique biochemical platform for future studies on the earlier detection of pathology development in the brain, as a consequence of disease or injury. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) is another vital analytical technique that was used in this work to analyze the elements’ distribution patterns in various regions of the brain. The complementary data sets allowed the characterization of the brain regions, the chemical dominating groups, and the elemental composition. This set-up may be used for the investigation of changes in the brain caused by diseases and help create a deeper understanding of the interactions between the organic and elemental composition.

THE FORMATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM C14-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN SLICES FROM IMMATURE RAT BRAIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Major Acid ◽  
Developing Rat

The relative incorporation of several C14-labelled compounds into the phospholipid and free cholesterol of developing rat brain slices at various ages from 1 to 19 days was examined. Experiments have shown that labelling of saturated fatty acids of phospholipids and cholesterol from acetate-1-C14and propanoate-1-C14was much more in 1- to 9-day animals than in older animals while the labelling from non-fatty acid precursors such as ethanolamine-1,2-C14 and choline-Me-C14 was not greatly affected by the aging processes. Palmitic acid was the major acid labelled by acetate, but both stearic and myristic acids received appreciable activity.The results tend to indicate that the saturated fatty acids of rat brain phospholipids are formed rapidly at a very early stage in brain development. The activity of this synthetic system then appears to decrease to the low level apparent in the adult rat. The glycerol–phosphate-base moieties of the phospholipids, on the other hand, appear to retain their relatively high replacement activity at all ages.

Dietary Changes in Fasting Levels of Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII: C) Are Accompanied by Changes in Factor VII Protein and other Vitamin K-dependent Proteins

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
T Tholstrup ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe mechanisms behind dietary effects on fasting coagulant activity of factor VII (FVII: C) are not clarified. In the present study of 15 young volunteers, two experimental diets differing in composition of saturated fatty acids (C18:0 [diet S] or C12:0 + C14:0 [diet ML]) were served for 3 weeks each. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the dietary regimen and analysed for triglycerides, FVII:C, and protein concentrations of FVII, FII, FX, protein C, CRP, albumin, fibrinogen, and F1+2. FVII:C was significantly reduced on diet S compared with diet ML. This was accompanied by a decrease in FVII protein, F1+2 and the vitamin K-dependent proteins FII, FX, and protein C. In contrast, no changes were observed in triglycerides, FVII:C/FVII: Ag, albumin and CRP. Fibrinogen was increased on diet S compared with diet ML. Our findings suggest that the change in fasting FVII:C was part of a general change in concentrations of vitamin K-dependent proteins.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

Nutritional aspects and their influences on the pathophysiology of

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nathalia Liberato Nascimento ◽  
Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa ◽  
Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Nutritional Factors

The objective of this study was to conduct a review about the nutritional aspects and their influences on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. The review describes the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, the generally indicated diets, and the nutritional factors that may aggravate the disease based on a literature review using the following keywords in English and Portuguese: “Alzheimer’s disease”, “physiopathology”, “nutritional aspects”, and “antioxidants”. A total of 100 articles were found, 48 in Lilacs and 52 in MedLine, but only 54 articles were selected for the review. The use of antioxidants as free radical scavengers is generally indicated in diets for Alzheimer’s patients. Studies also suggest that caffeine, vitamin B12, and folic acid have neuroprotective effects. Cohort studies found that a high intake of saturated fatty acids and obesity increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. People with Alzheimer’s disease should avoid diets high in carbohydrates and saturated fats, and prefer foods high in antioxidants.Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Antioxidants; Neurophysiology; Review literture as topic.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

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