Dynamic game strategies for corporate demand models in national economy

Author(s):  
Yukio Ito
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Zheng

In recent years, there is rising attention on the difficult financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With constant development and improvement in China’s socialist market economy system, SMEs is becoming a pivotal part of China’s national economy. It can be said that the development of SMEs makes a great contribution to China’s national economy development. However, SMEs are facing financing bottlenecks at the same time. This is not only because of the limited financing capabilities of SMEs themselves but also because of the various commercial bank credit policies. It is necessary to solve credit policy problems between SMEs and banks, not only for SMEs but also for the further development of commercial banks. This paper analyses the problems and the reasons of “credit grudging” behavior of China’s commercial banks and SMEs financing difficulties through a critical analysis. This paper also uses the method of the dynamic game theory to probe into credit problems between SMEs and commercial banks under the condition of information asymmetry. At the end of the paper, conclusions are made and suggestions are proposed for a win-win solution concerning credit policy problems between SMEs and commercial banks.


Author(s):  
Kebiao Yuan ◽  
Xuefeng Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang

Aiming at the competition and cooperation decision-making problem between two ports in the same regional port group, this paper studies four kinds of dynamic game scenarios of two adjacent ports—namely, independent strategy–independent strategy (i.e., DD combinations), independent strategy–integrated strategy (i.e., DT combinations), integrated strategy–independent strategy (i.e., TD combinations), and integrated strategy–integrated strategy (i.e., TT combinations). By introducing port demand models and using the dynamic game method, the paper performs a comparative study of port service pricing, port demand, and port profit in different combinations of competition and cooperation. The results show that taking port profit as payment function, the equilibrium strategy of the leader port is the independent strategy, which is also the dominant strategy, while the independent strategy or integrated strategy of the follower port depends on the degree of service substitution provided by the two competing ports. When the degree of service substitution is low (0 < γ < 0.53), the equilibrium strategies of two competing ports are the DD combinations, but the equilibrium strategies can be improved by Pareto, and further analysis shows that TT combinations are the Pareto equilibrium strategies at this time. By contrast, when the degree of service substitution provided by the two competing ports is high (0.53 ≤γ < 1), the DT combinations are the equilibrium strategies of the two competing ports, which are also the Pareto equilibrium strategies at this time. The research shows that when the degree of service substitution of the two ports is low, to encourage the two ports to carry out differentiated development of service functions, it is conducive to promote the two ports to adopt the integrated cooperation strategies.


Author(s):  
S. G. Wheatcroft ◽  
R. W. Davies ◽  
Richard Stone
Keyword(s):  

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mukhaer Pakkanna

Political democracy should be equivalent to the economic development of the quality of democracy, economic democracy if not upright, even the owner of the ruling power and money, which is parallel to force global corporatocracy. Consequently, the economic oligarchy preservation reinforces control of production and distribution from upstream to downstream and power monopoly of the market. The implication, increasingly sharp economic disparities, exclusive owner of the money and power become fertile, and the end could jeopardize the harmony of the national economy. The loss of national economic identity that makes people feel lost the “pilot of the state”. What happens then is the autopilot state. Viewing unclear direction of the economy, the national economy should clarify the true figure.


2020 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Evsey T. Gurvich ◽  
Natalia A. Krasnopeeva

We study the tax-spend nexus for Russian regional budgets. Causal relationship running from taxing to spending is found, thus supporting the concept “tax and spend” suggested by M. Friedman. Next, elasticity of expenditure by revenue is estimated for a panel of 80 regional budgets basing on data for 2000—2017. Estimates are in the range of 0.72 to 0.78 (depending on the econometric technique), which exceeds elasticity for the federal budget more than twice. This evidences that fiscal policy at the sub-federal (as distinct from the federal) level has clear pro-cyclical nature. Besides, the largest sensitivity of expenditure to revenue shocks is found for the item “national economy”, implying marked adverse implications for economic growth. We suggest to mitigate this effect by modifying fiscal rules for sub-federal budgets. They are currently aimed primarily at enhancing fiscal discipline, with less emphasis on countercyclical policy, insulating economy from fiscal shocks.


2007 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Navoi

The article analyzes the situation with attraction of foreign direct investments (FDI) into the Russian Federation. Sharply increased inflow of international financial resources into national economy has highlighted the problem of definitions, the reasons of this phenomenon and its economic contents. The article considers methodological aspects and economic essence of modern FDI. Special accent is made on the estimation of the situation with their attraction into Russia, FDI structure and effectiveness. The conclusions about basic directions of the increase of their effectiveness in the Russian economy are formulated.


2019 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Yury M. Goland

The article reviews the implementation of the perspective planning in the USSR during the period of the New Economic Policy — NEP, from methodological discussions to the development of five-year plans — sectoral and for the entire national economy. The article analyzes the discussion of the proposal of the first five-year plan submitted by S. Strumilin at the congress of planning bodies in March, 1927. It is shown that the sharp criticism of this plan for being imbalanced by the leading economists of the country, in particular, V. Bazarov and N. Kondratiev, is valid. The author points out the influence of political factors on the planning process. The popular cliche that the forced industrialization in the five-year plan was necessary to prepare for the war is refuted.


2009 ◽  
pp. 4-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zamaraev ◽  
A. Kiyutsevskaya ◽  
A. Nazarova ◽  
E. Sukhanov

The article analyzes the current economic conditions in Russia. Succession, distribution and the transmission mechanism of the world financial and economic crisis to the Russian economy are considered in this article as well as the changes in the banking system, share and housing markets. Production, consumption and investment on the boundary of 2008-2009 are described. The conclusion about the basic change of conditions of national economy development is presented.


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