scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Lemna minor L. as a Potential Biostimulant for Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Maria Luce Bartucca ◽  
Eleonora Ballerini ◽  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractBiostimulants are receiving increasing attention for their beneficial effects on crops, driving interest in identifying new plant extracts that could exert such stimulatory effects. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of an aqueous extract obtained from duckweed (Lemna minor L.), a freshwater species, to act as a biostimulant in maize. For this purpose, duckweed plants were collected from a natural basin and then transferred, stabilized, and grown under controlled conditions. The duckweed extract was first characterized through untargeted profiling, which revealed an abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. A relatively high amount of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites such as phenolics (6714.99 mg kg−1) and glucosinolates (4563.74 mg kg−1) were present in the plant extract. Maize seeds were primed with different concentrations of this extract (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.50%, and 1.00%, dry weight/water volume), and some physiological and biochemical traits of the crop were recorded. The duckweed extract improved maize germination, biomass, leaf area, pigment content, and vigor index. The most effective treatment was the 0.50% concentration, which improved the majority of the measured growth traits. The extract at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.50%, and 1.00% stimulated the assimilation of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). In summary, this study revealed that duckweed is a promising species that can be cultured and grown under controlled conditions for obtaining extracts with biostimulant properties.

scholarly journals Biostimulant Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) on Physiological and Biochemical Traits in the Olive Tree

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Luca Regni ◽  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Begoña Miras-Moreno ◽  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Water Volume

Biostimulants are becoming increasingly popular in agriculture for their ability to induce beneficial effects in crops, paving the way towards the identification of new materials with biostimulant potential. This study evaluated the potential of different concentrations of an aqueous extract (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%, dry weight/water volume, respectively) obtained from duckweed (Lemna minor L.) to stimulate olive plants. Leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll content and other plant growth parameters were investigated. As a result, the extract improved Pn, gs, Ci, chlorophyll content and plant biomass production (leaf fresh and dry weight). Furthermore, the duckweed extract generally increased the uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), while it did not influence the content of sodium (Na), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu). The untargeted metabolomic profiling of the extract revealed the presence of signalling compounds (including phytohormones), phenolics and glutathione. Such broad diversity of bioactives may support the stimulatory potential observed in olive. In summary, this study revealed for the first time that duckweed could be seen as a promising species to obtain extracts with biostimulant properties in olive trees.

Pulmonary interstitial compliance: a function of the osmotic constituents of the interstitium

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Snashall ◽  
S. J. Keyes ◽  
B. M. Morgan ◽  
K. F. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Direct Puncture ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Interstitial Volume

We have attempted to dehydrate the lung interstitium to determine the nature of forces holding water in that compartment. We administered furosemide with and without bovine albumin intravenously to rabbits (n = 21) 1813;24 h before they were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Renal pedicels were ligated and 51Cr-labeled EDTA was injected to estimate lung interstitial water volume. After a period of equilibration the thorax was rapidly opened, and left atrial pressure was measured by direct puncture. 125I-labeled albumin was injected to label the lung vascular volume, and the rabbits were killed 3 min later. Lungs were removed and drained of blood, and extravascular water volume, interstitial volume, and dry weight were determined. Results from these rabbits were compared with a group of normal (n = 4) and overhydrated (n = 6) rabbits. We have found that lung interstitial water is removed in proportion to the change in intravascular forces. We estimate interstitial compliance to be 1.76% cmH2O-1. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that removal of water is opposed by an increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure and not by a fall of hydrostatic pressure. This implies that in the normally hydrated state interstitial hydrostatic pressure is ambient.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

Assessing allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. (milk thistle) on germination and seedling growth of Oryza puncta

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Saima Anwar ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Amin ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Oryza Punctata

ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory

scholarly journals Exogenous Antioxidants Enhance Seedling Growth and Yield of Artificially Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Ademola Adetunji ◽  
Sershen ◽  
Boby Varghese ◽  
Norman Pammenter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Aged Seeds

Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Capsicum annuum L. to Aqueous Extracts of Allelopathic Plants: A Case of Tithonia rotundifolia and Murraya koenigii

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. O. Otusanya ◽  
A. A. Ogunwole ◽  
M. O. Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Murraya Koenigii

The present study evaluated the allelopathic potential of fresh shoot aqueous extracts of Tithonia rotundifolia (FSET) and Murraya koenigii (FSEM) on the germination of seeds, growth, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation of Capsicum annuum. The laboratory experimental results showed that seed germination and juvenile seedling growth of C. annuum were significantly retarded by both FSEM and FSET. The radicle growth was more susceptible to the phytotoxicity of both extracts than the plumule growth. Both plants extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the seedling growth of the recipient crop while the FSET was more phytotoxic than FSEM. However, this retardatory effect of aqueous extracts on growth observed in the laboratory was reversed in the soil-cultured experiments such that application of FSEM significantly enhanced all the studied growth parameters (shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area ratio, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid content in the shoot and percentage crude protein in the shoot and fruits). Likewise, FSET application significantly increased the leaf area, total chlorophyll and percentage crude protein accumulation in the shoot and fruits of the recipient crop at P<.05. This study then emphasizes the fact that T. rotundifolia and M. koenigii are allelopathic plants. The increased ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation in the aqueous extract-treated crop could, apart from enhancing the nutritional benefits of the test crop, be an adaptive mechanism evolved by the crop to overcome the allelopathic stress posed by the application of the aqueous extracts. These findings therefore suggest that allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of M. koenigii and T. rotundifolia could serve as biofertilizers for boosting the production of C. annuum.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT GROWTH TRAITS FOR FOR FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH HUMIC AND GLUTAMIC ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of some growth traits for wheat Cv. Al forat to foliar spraying using with humic glutamic acid and acid. A factorial experiment was with in Randomized Complete Block Design applied three replications, it involved two factor ,first factor was glutamic acid with three concentrations (0,250,500) mg L-1, second factor was humic acid with three concentrations (0,1,2) ml L-1, have been sprayed at tillering and flowering stages. The results showed that all the studed growth traits (plant height, ,number of tillers, flag leaf area dry weight for plant , crop growth rate ,relative growth rate and biological yield) were affected  by spraying with humic acid and glutamic acid for two season concentration , 2ml -1 from humic acid was superior on most of studies traits , as for glutamic acid ,plants treated with concentrations 250 and 500 mg L-1 were produced the highest mean for studies traits but without significant difference between them in some traits .The interaction between two factors was significant on most studies growth traits .

The effects of glucosteroids on experimental cold-induced brain edema.

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Maxwell ◽  
Don M. Long ◽  
Lyle A. French
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Experimental Brain Edema ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Although the beneficial effects of glucosteroids on brain edema are well documented and generally accepted clinically, investigations into their effects on experimental brain edema have been somewhat contradictory. In this study brain edema was produced by local cortical freezing in animals pretreated with glucosteroids and in untreated animals. Gross estimation of edema, wet weight-dry weight determination, and mechanical planimetry of areas of extravasated dye indicated a statistically significant reduction in edema of both white and gray matter at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Gross estimation of edema indicated a persisting effect with resolution of edema at 5 days in treated animals and from 7 to 12 days in untreated animals. These studies substantiate initial investigations and indicate a primary reduction in brain edema by glucosteroids. At least one of the effects of the glucosteroids appears to be reduction of the abnormal vascular permeability causing brain edema.

POTENSI ALELOKIMIA DARI EXTRACT DAN MULSA BIOMAS TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Advent F. Sitanggang ◽  
Marulak Simarmata ◽  
Bilman Wilman Simanihuruk ◽  
Uswatun Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

[ALLELOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND MULCH OF PLANT BIOMASS OF SORGHUM (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench)]. This study was aimed to examine the allelopathic potential of sorghum through aqueous extract and mulch from biomass on seed germination and early growth of three tested plants, namely rice, mustard and cucumber. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the sorghum biomass significantly inhibited the germination of mustard and cucumber seeds, reduced the vigor-index of the germination of rice, mustard and cucumber seeds, and suppressed the growth of radicle length of mustard sprouts. The same thing was seen when sorghum biomass was tested as mulch which also suppressed the early growth of the tested plants on the variables of stem height, fresh and dry weight of biomass of rice, mustard and cucumber. The higher the concentration of allelochemicals extract or sorghum mulch, the stronger the inhibition on germination and early growth of the three test plants. At a concentration of 10% allelochemicals suppressed the germination of mustard and cucumber to 76 and 79%, respectively, while a dose of 10% mulch suppressed early growth in the height of rice, mustard, and cucumber to 56, 55, and 68%; and dry weight to 53, 30 and 60%. The results of this study are important information about the allelochemical potential of sorghum as a natural herbicide in integrated weed management

Fluid volumes during onset of spontaneous hypertension in rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. H52-H55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Trippodo ◽  
G. M. Walsh ◽  
E. D. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spontaneous Hypertension ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Total Body

Body fluid volumes were examined in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in two strains of age-matched normotensive controls to ascertain whether expanded plasma volume (PV) or extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) was associated with onset of spontaneous hypertension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in conscious male SHR, Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY), and American Wistar normotensive (NR) rats 3 h after arterial cannulation. At age 10-14 days no differences in MAP or PV (determine with 125I-albumin) were found between SHR and WKY. At age 18-43 days, SHR had elevated MAP and a small but significant elevation in total body water volume (TBWV; wet weight minus dry weight) compared to WKY and NR; no differences among the three groups were found in PV or ECFV (estimated with inulin). These results provide no evidence that expanded PV or ECFV plays a role in the pathogenic mechanisms of spontaneous hypertension, but do not exclude the possibility of altered vascular compliance. The slightly elevated TBWV in SHR may be related to reduced body fat in SHR.

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