scholarly journals Biostimulant Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) on Physiological and Biochemical Traits in the Olive Tree

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Luca Regni ◽  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Begoña Miras-Moreno ◽  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Water Volume

Biostimulants are becoming increasingly popular in agriculture for their ability to induce beneficial effects in crops, paving the way towards the identification of new materials with biostimulant potential. This study evaluated the potential of different concentrations of an aqueous extract (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%, dry weight/water volume, respectively) obtained from duckweed (Lemna minor L.) to stimulate olive plants. Leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll content and other plant growth parameters were investigated. As a result, the extract improved Pn, gs, Ci, chlorophyll content and plant biomass production (leaf fresh and dry weight). Furthermore, the duckweed extract generally increased the uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), while it did not influence the content of sodium (Na), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu). The untargeted metabolomic profiling of the extract revealed the presence of signalling compounds (including phytohormones), phenolics and glutathione. Such broad diversity of bioactives may support the stimulatory potential observed in olive. In summary, this study revealed for the first time that duckweed could be seen as a promising species to obtain extracts with biostimulant properties in olive trees.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Lemna minor L. as a Potential Biostimulant for Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Maria Luce Bartucca ◽  
Eleonora Ballerini ◽  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractBiostimulants are receiving increasing attention for their beneficial effects on crops, driving interest in identifying new plant extracts that could exert such stimulatory effects. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of an aqueous extract obtained from duckweed (Lemna minor L.), a freshwater species, to act as a biostimulant in maize. For this purpose, duckweed plants were collected from a natural basin and then transferred, stabilized, and grown under controlled conditions. The duckweed extract was first characterized through untargeted profiling, which revealed an abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. A relatively high amount of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites such as phenolics (6714.99 mg kg−1) and glucosinolates (4563.74 mg kg−1) were present in the plant extract. Maize seeds were primed with different concentrations of this extract (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.50%, and 1.00%, dry weight/water volume), and some physiological and biochemical traits of the crop were recorded. The duckweed extract improved maize germination, biomass, leaf area, pigment content, and vigor index. The most effective treatment was the 0.50% concentration, which improved the majority of the measured growth traits. The extract at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.50%, and 1.00% stimulated the assimilation of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). In summary, this study revealed that duckweed is a promising species that can be cultured and grown under controlled conditions for obtaining extracts with biostimulant properties.

POTENSI ALELOKIMIA DARI EXTRACT DAN MULSA BIOMAS TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Advent F. Sitanggang ◽  
Marulak Simarmata ◽  
Bilman Wilman Simanihuruk ◽  
Uswatun Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

[ALLELOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND MULCH OF PLANT BIOMASS OF SORGHUM (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench)]. This study was aimed to examine the allelopathic potential of sorghum through aqueous extract and mulch from biomass on seed germination and early growth of three tested plants, namely rice, mustard and cucumber. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the sorghum biomass significantly inhibited the germination of mustard and cucumber seeds, reduced the vigor-index of the germination of rice, mustard and cucumber seeds, and suppressed the growth of radicle length of mustard sprouts. The same thing was seen when sorghum biomass was tested as mulch which also suppressed the early growth of the tested plants on the variables of stem height, fresh and dry weight of biomass of rice, mustard and cucumber. The higher the concentration of allelochemicals extract or sorghum mulch, the stronger the inhibition on germination and early growth of the three test plants. At a concentration of 10% allelochemicals suppressed the germination of mustard and cucumber to 76 and 79%, respectively, while a dose of 10% mulch suppressed early growth in the height of rice, mustard, and cucumber to 56, 55, and 68%; and dry weight to 53, 30 and 60%. The results of this study are important information about the allelochemical potential of sorghum as a natural herbicide in integrated weed management

scholarly journals PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC MICROPROPAGATION OF CYMBIDIUM PLB

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 585c-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Chalermpol Kirdmanee ◽  
Toyoki Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Photoautotrophic Growth ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Photoautotrophic Micropropagation

Cymbidium (cv. Lisa rose) PLB (protocorm-like bodies) were cultured in liquid 1/2 MS medium with/without 20 mg g-1 sucrose under continuous lighting conditions. The vessels were shaken at 100 rpm under PPF (photosynthetic photon flux) of 20 and 140 μmol m-2 s-1 and CO2 concentrations outside the vessel (Cout) of 450 and 2000 μmol mol-1 conditions. Photoautotrophic growth was obtained at high PPF and high Cout. The chlorophyll content of the PLB in the medium without sucrose at high PPF and high Cout was almost 3 times that with sucrose at low PPF and low Cout. The number of newly developed PLB with sucrose at low PPF and low Cout was 1.6 times that without sucrose at high PPF and high Cout; the dry weight per unit PLB with sucrose at low PPF and low Cout was almost 3 times that without sucrose at high PPF and high Cout. Photoautotrophic growth of the PLB might be further promoted at higher CO2 concentration (> 1%).

scholarly journals DETECT ACTIVITY OF SOME BIOLOGICAL FACTORS TO INDUCE RESISTANCE IN CANTALOUPE PLANT THROUGH PEROXIDASE ENZYME , PHENOLS AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Treated Plant

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of some biological agents to reduce charcoal rot of Cantaloupe which is caused by Macrophomina  phaseolina  under wooden canopy and to detect activity of inducer  agents through Peroxidase enzyme, phenols and chlorophyll contents. Results obtained under Wooden canopy, treatment of combination between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments. The disease percentage and disease severity were (0.0), (0.0)% respectively compared to control treatment (pathogen) 88.3 and 76.6% respectively. However treatment of integration between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments in antagonism against M.phaseolina and to improve growth parameters of cantaloupe and increased wet weight and dry weight of vegetation and root to (35.0 – 4.0), (13.7 – 2.4) g/ plant respectively. Results indicated that treated plant produced phenols and peroxidase enzyme. Treatments of   T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum showed superiority in inducing peroxidase enzyme. The change in light absorbance/ min/ g .Fresh weight of cantaloupe were 81.2 and 80.6 respectively, compared to control treatment (pathogenic fungus) the activity of Peroxidase was 36.9. the same trend reflected to increase activity of phenols in treatments of T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum reached (5.21 and 5.00) mg/g. compared with control treatment 3.6 mg/g. The result, also showed that all treatments increased chlorophyll content. Integration between T.viride and  B.subtilis achieved highest chlorophyll content (56.3) Spad.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis and Photosynthesis Measurements of Cucumber Seedlings Grown under Light with Different Red to Far-red Ratios

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Shibuya ◽  
Ryosuke Endo ◽  
Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽  
Saki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Normal Light

Light with a higher red to far-red ratio (R:FR) than sunlight reduces plant growth, but the cause has not been firmly established. In the present study, cucumber seedlings were grown under normal light (similar to sunlight; R:FR = 1.4) from metal-halide lamps or high-R:FR light (R:FR = 4.3) created by transmitting their light through FR-absorbing film, and then their growth parameters and photosynthesis were compared. The relative growth rate (RGR) at high R:FR was 92% of that under normal R:FR, although the net assimilation rate (NAR) did not differ between the treatments, indicating that changes in net photosynthesis per unit leaf area did not cause the growth inhibition at high R:FR. The CO2 exchange per unit leaf area did not differ between the treatments, which supports this hypothesis. The leaf area ratio (LAR) of total plant dry weight of high R:FR seedlings to that of normal R:FR seedlings was also 92%. This suggests that growth suppression in the high R:FR seedlings was caused mainly by decreased LAR. The specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), components of LAR, under high-R:FR light were 89% and 105%, respectively, of those under normal light, indicating that the smaller LAR at high R:FR mainly results from suppressed leaf enlargement per unit leaf dry matter.

scholarly journals Optimum Feeding Nutrient Solution Concentration for Greenhouse Potted Miniature Rose Production in a Recirculating Subirrigation System

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Diane Feliciano Cayanan ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Total Dry Weight

To determine the optimum feeding nutrient solution concentrations for the production of potted miniature roses (Rosa chineersis minima ‘Fall Festival’) under recirculating subirrigation conditions, plants were grown under four different nutrient solution concentrations [25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full strength with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.756 dS·m−1]. Nutrient solution concentrations affected the stem, root, and plant total dry weight and flower and branch number. Under the 75% strength nutrient solution, these growth parameters were equal to or better than the 100% strength solution. No difference was detected in the chlorophyll content of leaves from plants that received the 50%, 75%, and 100% strength solutions during the experiment but at Day 35; only the 25% treatment had significantly lower leaf chlorophyll content than the other treatments. There were no treatment effects on the measured total foliar nutrient contents [except potassium (K)] of plants under the 75% strength solution compared with those under the 100% treatment, but nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and/or iron (Fe) of plants under the 25% strength solutions were below that of the acceptable range. Interveinal chlorosis and/or reddish leaves and branches were also apparent in plants under the 25% and 50% strength solutions. It is suspected that these are symptoms of N, P, and Fe deficiencies caused by the reduced nutrient solution concentrations and increased pH of the growing substrate. There were significant depletions of N and P nutrients in the 25% and 50% strength solutions at the end of the experiment, which was consistent with visual symptoms and deficiencies. Nutrient salts accumulated in the top section of the growing substrate under all treatments, but no phytotoxic effects were observed. The EC values for the top third of the growing substrate were much higher than those of the bottom two-thirds. EC for the top layer of the 100% treatment exhibited a fourfold increase compared with the bottom layer of that treatment. The NO3–, K, magnesium, and calcium for the top layer of the 100% treatment were 235%, 149%, 287%, and 245%, respectively, higher compared with the bottom layer of the 100% treatment. It was concluded that the nutrient solution concentrations typically used for potted miniature rose production in most of the Canadian greenhouses under recirculating subirrigation conditions can be safely reduced to 75% and produce better plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Klorofil Padi Gogo Varietas Inpago 8

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Mia A. Agustin ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung T. Handayani ◽  
Martha L. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Levene Test

The purpose of this research is to know whether the aqueous extract of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus) have an effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of upland riceseedling of Inpago 8 varieties. This research was conducted at Botanical Laboratory ofBiology Department Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences University ofLampung from September to October 2017. The experiments were carried out in a completerandomized design with the main factors being aqueous extract of purple nutsedge with 5 level : 0% v / v (control), 5% v / v, 10% v / v, 15% v / v, and 20%v/v. Parameters measuredwere shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, and total chlorophyllcontent of rice seedling. Homogeneity of variance was determined by the Levene test at 5%significant level. Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test is done at 5% significant level.The results showed that the concentration of extract correlated quadratic with shoot lengthwhere the maximum shoot length was 3.9 cm at 10% extract concentration. Fresh weight andrelative water content maximum were 73.21 mg and 76% respectively at concentrations of14% and 10%. The minimum total chlorophyll content was 0.47 mg / g tissue at aconcentration of 11%. There was no significant effect on the dry weight of the seedling.From the results of the study, it was concluded that the extract of purple nutsedge at aconcentration below 14% was a growth stimulator, but it was an inhibitor of chlorophyllbiosynthesis.Keyword: Chlorophyll, Growth, Upland rice variety Inpago 8, Purple nutsedge

scholarly journals Effect of fertigation with potassium and nitrogen on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
André Maller
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Adequate crop fertilization is one of the challenges for agriculture. Measuring gas exchange and biomass accumulation may be used to adjust crop management. The effect of fertigation with potassium (0 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 108 kg ha-1 and 216 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 67 kg ha-1, 134 kg ha-1 and 268 kg ha-1) on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water-use efficiency and total dry weight were evaluated. With the exception of K for water-use efficiency and N for internal CO2 concentration, all the other gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by the K and N doses. There was an interaction between N and K doses for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The highest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, carboxylation instantaneous efficiency and total dry weight were found in the range of 125-185 kg ha-1 of K and 215-268 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Effects of artificial sweeteners on Lemna minor

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Kobetičová ◽  
Klára Anna Mocová ◽  
Lucie Mrhálková ◽  
Šárka Petrová
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Freshwater Plants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Artificial sweeteners are common micropollutants in the aquatic environment. They were detected both in surface waters and in groundwater. Human toxicity has also been studied quite intensively but their ecotoxicity has not been studied so far. To assess the impact of four artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, saccharine, and acesulfame K) and one natural sweetener (stevioside) on freshwater plants, a growth inhibition test was set up in the macrophyte duckweed (Lemna minor). Subsequently full dose-response curves were established by exposing L. minor plants to concentrations of each individual sweetener ranging from 6.25 mg/l up to 100 mg/l for 7 days. Three different endpoints were tested: frond number, frond area and total chlorophyll content. Tests were performed under sterile conditions. Sweeteners had various effects on Lemna plants. Saccharine, acesulfame K and stevioside did not cause any significant negative effects on any of the measured parameters. On the contrary, stevioside and saccharine caused slowly stimulative effects. Aspartame and sucralose inhibited growth parameters (frond number and frond area) but the chlorophyll content was not affected.

Circadian rhythms of dark respiration, flowering, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and dry weight changes in Chenopodium rubrum

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah-Sing Chia-Looi ◽  
Bruce G. Gumming
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chenopodium Rubrum ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Relationship Of

There are circadian rhythmic changes in dark respiration, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and dry weight in Chenopodium rubrum, ecotype 60°47′ N, 137°32′ W. The rhythm in dark respiration has a period of about 27 h and its phasing is quite closely correlated with the rhythm in flowering response, which has a period of about 30 h. A close similarity in the periodicity (21 h) and phasing of the rhythms in net photosynthesis and chlorophyll content suggests that the photosynthetic rhythm may be partly attributed to rhythmic changes in chlorophyll content. The rhythmic changes in dry weight, with a period of 18 h, could be due to a rhythm in dark fixation of carbon dioxide. The possible relationship of rhythmicity in these processes to other circadian rhythms that occur in C. rubrum is discussed. The concurrent existence of various rhythms in biochemical and physiological processes that differ in period and phase within a single ecotype of C. rubrum clearly reflects the possible involvement of metabolic activity in circadian rhythms.

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