Dural venous sinus anatomy in children with external hydrocephalus: analysis of a series of 97 patients

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the anatomical variations of dural venous sinuses in children with external hydrocephalus, proposing a radiological grading of progressive anatomic restriction to venous outflow based on brain phase-contrast magnetic resonance venography (PC-MRV); to evaluate the correlation between positional plagiocephaly and dural sinuses patency; and to compare these findings with a control group to ascertain the role of anatomical restriction to venous outflow in the pathophysiology of external hydrocephalus. Methods Brain MRI and PC MRV were performed in 97 children (76 males, 21 females) diagnosed with external hydrocephalus at an average age of 8.22 months. Reduction of patency of the dural sinuses was graded as 1 (stenosis), 2 (complete stop) and 3 (complete agenesis) for each transverse/sigmoid sinus and sagittal sinus. Anatomical restriction was graded for each patient from 0 (symmetric anatomy of patent dural sinuses) through 6 (bilateral agenesis of both transverse sinuses). Ventricular and subarachnoid spaces were measured above the intercommissural plane using segmentation software. Positional plagiocephaly (PP) and/or asymmetric tentorial insertion (ATI) was correlated with the presence and grading of venous sinus obstruction. These results were compared with a retrospective control group of 75 patients (35 males, 40 females). Results Both the rate (84.53% vs 25.33%) and the grading (mean 2.59 vs mean 0.45) of anomalies of dural sinuses were significantly higher in case group than in control group. In the case group, sinus anomalies were asymmetric in 59 cases (right-left ratio 1/1) and symmetric in 22. A significant association was detected between the grading of venous drainage alterations and diagnosis of disease and between the severity of vascular anomalies and the widening of subarachnoid space (SAS). Postural plagiocephaly (39.1% vs 21.3%) and asymmetric tentorial insertion (35.4% vs 17.3%) were significantly more frequent in the case group than in the control group. When sinus anomalies occurred in plagiocephalic children, the obstruction grading was significantly higher on the flattened side (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Decreased patency of the dural sinuses and consequent increased venous outflow resistance may play a role in the pathophysiology of external hydrocephalus in the first 3 years of life. In plagiocephalic children, calvarial flattening may impact on the homolateral dural sinus patency, with a possible effect on the anatomy of dural sinuses and venous drainage in the first months of life.

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Neonatal giant dural sinus ectasia: a multimodality imaging approach

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-242439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. e242439

Author(s):

Ralph Rommualdo Abareta Zuniega ◽

Julian Alejandro Santos ◽

Romelito Jose Galvan Galsim ◽

Jonathan Saputil Elevazo

Keyword(s):

Multimodality Imaging ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Transverse Sinus ◽

Venous Sinus ◽

Cardiac Insufficiency ◽

Dural Sinus ◽

Dural Sinuses ◽

Sagittal Sinus ◽

Dural Venous Sinus

Dural venous sinus ectasia is a rare anomaly characterised by the formation of a large vascular lake within the leaves of the dural sinuses, usually associated with thrombosis. These lesions can cause brain compression, cardiac insufficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which may lead to poor prognosis. We present the case of a neonate who presented with an intracranial mass on prenatal ultrasound. Postnatal transcranial ultrasonography, cranial CT and cranial MRI demonstrated a large lesion predominantly occupying the dural sinus confluence, extending into the sagittal sinus, straight sinus and right transverse sinus. The left marginal sinus remains unfused and patent. Concomitant arteriovenous malformations were evident in the median interhemispheric fissure and the left Sylvian fissure. There are several published case reports and case series describing malformations of the dural sinuses in perinatal and neonatal patients in recent years, but this case is unique in that: (1) there is the presence of a vascular malformation concomitant to the dural sinus ectasia and (2) it highlights the importance of imaging in clinching the diagnosis of giant dural venous sinus ectasia, as it is often misdiagnosed as more common conditions such as extra-axial intracranial haemorrhage.

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The role of venous sinus outflow obstruction in pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2012.10.peds1299 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Christopher M. Dwyer ◽

Kristina Prelog ◽

Brian K. Owler

Keyword(s):

Collateral Circulation ◽

Venous Sinus ◽

Control Group ◽

Venous Obstruction ◽

Outflow Obstruction ◽

Venous Outflow ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Venous Outflow Obstruction ◽

And Control

Object The authors examined the role of venous sinus obstruction in the etiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) by reviewing more than 200 MR venograms performed in suspected cases of IIH. Methods Individual MR venograms performed in cases of suspected IIH at the Children's Hospital at Westmead in Sydney, Australia, were reviewed. The authors excluded cases in which an intervention was performed before the scan or a structural cause for venous obstruction was identified. Cases with confirmed hydrocephalus were also excluded. For each of the 145 remaining scans, the authors completed a detailed review on a slice-by-slice basis of the 2D source images used to compile the rendered 3D MR venogram. The anatomical configuration of the dural venous sinuses and any areas of decreased flow in circulation were then noted. Where possible, they correlated their radiological findings with evidence of raised intracranial pressure based on LP opening pressures. They also reviewed a control group of 50 MR venograms. Results Seventy-six (52%) of 145 scans showed evidence of venous obstruction in the dominant-side circulation. Substantial nonphysiological collateral circulation was seen in 68% of cases with dominant-sided obstruction, suggesting a process of recanalization. In contrast, in the absence of dominant-sided obstruction, collateral circulation was uncommon. In 27 cases, CSF opening pressure measurements were available. In 20 cases the opening pressures were in excess of 20 cm H2O. Of those, 17 demonstrated evidence of dominant-sided venous outflow obstruction. Among those cases, the median opening pressure was 34 cm H2O. Dominant-sided venous outflow obstruction was seen in only 2 of 50 MR venograms in the control group. Furthermore, evidence of collateral circulation was also uncommon in the control group. There was a highly statistically significant difference between rates of dominant-sided venous obstruction in the suspected IIH and control groups (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions A majority of patients presenting for investigation of suspected IIH demonstrated evidence of dominant-sided venous obstruction on MR venogram. In addition there was a high correlation between elevated CSF opening pressures and dominant-sided venous sinus obstruction. This correlation was further supported by evidence of collateral recanalization in patients with elevated CSF pressures and dominant-sided venous obstruction. A control group of 50 MR venograms indicated that dominant-sided venous outflow obstruction is an unlikely incidental finding, and a highly statistically significant difference was found between rates of obstruction in the suspected IIH and control groups.

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HUBUNGAN TUNGAU DEBU RUMAH, PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIAL PADA ANAK USIA 5 – 10 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2016

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v3i1.327 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sri Evi New Yearsi Pangadongan ◽

Agustina Rahyu ◽

Selvy Pasulu

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

History Of ◽

Weather Changes ◽

And Gender

Bronchial Asthma generally starts from childhood which is condition where respiration channel experiences constriction because of hyperactivity with some specific stimulation which cause inflammation. Some risk factors are smoking exposure of cigarette smoke, weather changes, mite on house dirt, pet and history of family sickness. The purpose of this research is to know Relation of mite on house dirt, exposure of cigarette smoke and history of family sickness with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016. Method which used was analytic survey with Case Control approaching. The total sample was 36 children which consisted of 18 case group and 18 control group with matching by using age and gender which submitted with Purposive Sampling technique. Data Analysis used Chi Square with wrong degree α = 0,005. The result showed that there was relation of mite of house dirt (p = 0,006), history of family sickness (p = 0,001) and no relation with exposure of cigarette smoke (p = 0,370) with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016.

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Faktor-Faktor Determinan yang melatar belakangi Kehamilan Remaja di Desa Pandansari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) ◽

10.26699/jnk.v7i2.art.p247-255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 247-255

Author(s):

Maria Magdalena Setyaningsih ◽

Emy Sutiyarsih

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Teen Pregnancy ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Well Being ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

Kehamilan remaja adalah kehamilan yang terjadi pada remaja berusia kurang dari 20 tahunan. Kehamilan remaja memberikan banyak kerugian bagi kesehatan, mental dan psikologis, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan peluang karier, kemiskinan dan prospek kehidupan masa depan remaja. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kehamilan remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik kategorik jenis survei kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi semua perempuan yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah dusun Wonosari, Sukosari, dan Krajan Pandansari dan pernah/sedang hamil pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling besar sampel 73. Berdasarkan hasil model akhir analisis multivariat, diketahui bahwa variabel pendidikan, riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga dan usia menikah merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kehamilan remaja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi, responden berpendidikan rendah memiliki peluang 20,8 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga memiliki peluang 14,9 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang menikah pada usia <20 tahun memiliki peluang 12,1 kali lebih tinggi, responden dengan pemahaman yang kurang baik terkait penggunaan kondom memiliki peluang 5,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi kehamilan remaja. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun karakter buiding, sosial karakter suport untuk para ibu remaja dan keluarga sehingga terbangun interaksi yang baik dalam keluarga yang dilandasi dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang baik tentang Pendidikan seksualitas. Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in adolescents aged less than 20 years old. Teen pregnancy provides many disadvantages for health, mental, psychological, economic well-being, career opportunities, poverty, and the future life. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants underlying teen pregnancy incidence. This study was a quantitative study with categorical analytic method. The study design used a case control with two comparison groups. The groups were control group and case group. The population in this study was all women who lived in the Wonosari, Sukosari, and Krajan Pandansari district and had or were pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old. Seventy three respondents were recruited using cluster sampling technique. The case group consists of women who were or had pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old and their children are currently aged ≤ 1 years old. The control group consists of women who were pregnant for the first time at the age of > 20 years old. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The findings showed that education, history of teen pregnancy in family and the age of marriage were related to the incidence of teen pregnancy after being controlled by information access. Low-educated respondents had 20.8 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with a history of teen pregnancy in the family had 4.9 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents who were married at the age of < 20 years old had 12.1 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with poor understanding of condom use had 5.9 times higher chance of teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, the findings suggest to build good interactions in the family based on education and a good understanding of sex education.

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Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i2.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hetriana Leksananingsih ◽

Slamet Iskandar ◽

Tri Siswati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children. Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P = 0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%. Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.

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Impact of Physical Activity on the Incidence of Vascular Diseases in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

10.31661/gmj.v0i0.1549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1549

Author(s):

Babak Pezeshki ◽

Ehsan Bahramali ◽

Amir Ansari ◽

Aliasghar Karimi ◽

Mojtaba Frajam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Major Complication ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Vascular Events ◽

The Relationship

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease worldwide and has many complications. The vascular events are the major complication of DM that have an important effect on mortality and disability. The physical activity (PA) enhances the vascular function by several pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluation of the relationship between PA and vascular diseases in patients with DM.Materials and Methods: This research was performed as the case-control study that was extracted from a prospective epidemiological research study in Iran (PERSIAN). The patients with type 2 DM more than six months defined as case group and the non-DM subjects in control group with ratio 1:2, and both groups were matched in the term of age and sex. The MET score was used to evaluate the level of PA and blood glucose, lipid profile, body mass index, overweight, dyslipidemia, glomerular filtration rate, myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina, and stroke.Results: Overall, 1242 patients with DM were extracted, and 2484 non-diabetic subjects were investigated. In the case group, 355(28.6 %) and 887(71.4%) were men and women, respectively, the and 710 (28.6%) men and 1774(71.4%) women in control group. The mean MET score was 30 and 40.97 in the DM and non-DM groups, respectively (P˂0.001). The frequency of MI, stroke, and cardiac ischemia were 44 (3.5%), 37 (3%), and 267 (21.5%), respectively in DM group, and 54 (2.2%), 43 (1.7%), and 389 (15.7%), respectively in non-DM group.Conclusion: The incidence of vascular events associated with PA level in patients with DM and adherence to regular PA reduce the vascular events and DM complications. [GMJ.2019;inpress:e1549]

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Risk Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Events after Acute Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666191029103756 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (45) ◽

pp. 4827-4834 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Limin Zhang ◽

Xingang Li ◽

Dongzhi Wang ◽

Hong Lv ◽

Xuezhong Si ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Clopidogrel Therapy ◽

Ischemic Events

Background: A considerable proportion of acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients continue to experience recurrent ischemic events after standard therapy. Aim: We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent ischemic event prediction at an early stage. Methods : 286 non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients with the onset of symptoms within 24 hours were enrolled. Vascular risk factors, routine laboratory data on admission, thromboelastography test seven days after clopidogrel therapy and any recurrent events within one year were assessed. Patients were divided into case group (patients with clinical adverse events, including ischemic stokes, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and vascular related mortality) and control group (events-free patients). The risk of the recurrent ischemic events was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Clinical adverse events were observed in 43 patients (case group). The mean levels of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte Count (LY) and Fibrinogen (Fib) on admission were significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Seven days after clopidogrel therapy, the ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADP%) level was lower in the case group, while the Maximum Amplitude (MA) level was higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of LY, PLR, , Fib, MA, ADP% and MPV were 0.602, 0.614, 0.629, 0.770, 0.800 and 0.808, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that MPV, ADP% and MA were indeed predictive factors. Conclusion: MPV, ADP% and MA were risk factors of recurrent ischemic events after acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. Urgent assessment and individual drug therapy should be offered to these patients as soon as possible.

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The Predictive Value of the Mother’s Risk Factors in Formation of Fetal Developmental Delay

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x21999149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2199914

Author(s):

Maka Chigladze

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Standards Of Living ◽

Poor Nutrition

The research aimed at studying the mother’s social-hygienic and medical biological risk factors and determining their predictive value. The retrospective case-control study was conducted with 142 pregnant women participating in it. In the case group there were involved 92 mothers whose pregnancy was completed by the birth of a newborn baby suffering from the intrauterine growth restriction. The control group was made of 50 pregnant women, whose pregnancy was completed by the birth of a healthy neonate. The research resulted in specifying the risk factors of high priority: the low standards of living (OR 3.61), chronic stress (OR-3.06), sleeping disorder (OR-3.33) and poor nutrition (OR-3.81). As regards the coexisting pathology the following was revealed: endocrine pathology (OR-3.27), ischemic heart disease (OR-4.35), arterial hypertension (OR-6.47), iron deficiency anemia (OR-4.11), pathology of respiratory system (OR-3.42), chronic genital inflammatory and infectious processes. The preeclampsia (92%) and low amniotic fluid (89%) were detected to have the high predictive value. The awareness of risk factors allows us to employ the timely measures for the reduction of negative impact on the fetus and neonate.

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Analysis of Circulating microRNA Signatures and Preeclampsia Development

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10051003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1003

Author(s):

Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro ◽

Idalia Garza-Veloz

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Gene Prediction ◽

Microrna Expression ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Circulating Microrna ◽

Activated T Cells ◽

Serum Microrna

microRNAs are important regulators of cell processes and have been proposed as potential preeclampsia biomarkers. We evaluated serum microRNA expression profiling to identify microRNAs involved in preeclampsia development. Serum microRNA expression profiling was evaluated at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of gestation (WG), and at the time of preeclampsia diagnosis. Two groups were evaluated using TaqMan low-density array plates: a control group with 18 normotensive pregnant women and a case group with 16 patients who developed preeclampsia during the follow-up period. Fifty-three circulating microRNAs were differentially expressed between groups (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, hsa-miR-628-3p showed the highest relative quantity values (at 12 WG = 7.7 and at 20 WG = 3.45) and the hsa-miRs -151a-3p and -573 remained differentially expressed from 16 to 20 WG (p < 0.05). Signaling pathways including cancer-related, axon guidance, Neurotrophin, GnRH, VEGF, and B/T cell receptor, were most commonly altered. Further target gene prediction revealed that nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 gene was included among the transcriptional targets of preeclampsia-modulated microRNAs. Specific microRNAs including hsa-miRs -628-3p, -151a-3p, and -573 were differentially expressed in serum of pregnant women before they developed preeclampsia compared with controls and their participation in the preeclampsia development should be considered.

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Association of interleukin-17A rs2275913 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Sudanese population

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211020207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110202

Author(s):

Rgda Mohamed Osman ◽

Mounkaila Noma ◽

Abdallah Elssir Ahmed ◽

Hanadi Abdelbagi ◽

Rihab Ali Omer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Interleukin 17A ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the association of interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Sudanese patients. Methods: A case–control study was conducted between March and December 2018. Clinical and demographic data of the study participants were collected and analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism molecular technique was done to investigate interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphisms. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: The study population included 266 participants aged between 1 and 85 years, with an average of 40 years, classified into 85 (31.2%) cases (mean age 48.5 ± 11.3 years), and 181 (68.8%) controls (mean age 35.3 ± 15.9 years). The interleukin-17A homozygote AA genotype was more frequent among the control group compared to the case group; 95 (52.5%) and 7 (8.2%), respectively. The homozygote GG and the heterozygote AG genotypes were proportionally not different among the cases and control groups; 13 (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%), and 65 (46.4%) and 75 (53.6%), respectively. According to the distribution of interleukin-17A genotypes, a statistically significant difference was observed among cases with the interleukin-17A AA and AG genotypes, p values 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. For the association interleukin-17A genotypes and family history a negatively significant association was reported (95% confidence interval, –0.219, p value = 0.001). There was also a negatively significant association of interleukin-17A genotypes and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (95% confidence interval, −0.141, p value = 0.002). Conclusion: This study is the first study in Sudan established the association between interleukin-17A-197G/A (rs2275913) polymorphisms and susceptibly to rheumatoid arthritis. These findings appeal for further research in Sudan to investigate the exact role of IL-17A in immunopathology and disease severity among Sudanese rheumatoid arthritis

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