scholarly journals The emerging role of small RNAs in ovule development, a kind of magic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Petrella ◽  
Mara Cucinotta ◽  
Marta A. Mendes ◽  
Charles J. Underwood ◽  
Lucia Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Germline Differentiation ◽  
Female Germline

AbstractIn plants, small RNAs have been recognized as key genetic and epigenetic regulators of development. Small RNAs are usually 20 to 30 nucleotides in length and they control, in a sequence specific manner, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional expression of genes. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the most recent findings about the function of small RNAs in ovule development, including megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, both in sexual and apomictic plants. We discuss recent studies on the role of miRNAs, siRNAs and trans-acting RNAs (ta-siRNAs) in early female germline differentiation. The mechanistic complexity and unique regulatory features are reviewed, and possible directions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Salivary and Intestinal Transcriptomes Reveal Differential Gene Expression in Starving, Fed and Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Rhodnius neglectus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Marielem Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Rafael Destro Rosa Tiveron ◽  
Maria Tays Mendes ◽  
Cecília Gomes Barbosa ◽  
Jessica Coraiola Nevoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Antigen 5

Rhodnius neglectus is a potential vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), the causative agent of Chagas disease. The salivary glands (SGs) and intestine (INT) are actively required during blood feeding. The saliva from SGs is injected into the vertebrate host, modulating immune responses and favoring feeding for INT digestion. Tc infection significantly alters the physiology of these tissues; however, studies that assess this are still scarce. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the global transcriptional expression of genes in SGs and INT during fasting (FA), fed (FE), and fed in the presence of Tc (FE + Tc) conditions. In FA, the expression of transcripts related to homeostasis maintenance proteins during periods of stress was predominant. Therefore, the transcript levels of Tret1-like and Hsp70Ba proteins were increased. Blood appeared to be responsible for alterations found in the FE group, as most of the expressed transcripts, such as proteases and cathepsin D, were related to digestion. In FE + Tc group, there was a decreased expression of blood processing genes for insect metabolism (e.g., Antigen-5 precursor, Pr13a, and Obp), detoxification (Sult1) in INT and acid phosphatases in SG. We also found decreased transcriptional expression of lipocalins and nitrophorins in SG and two new proteins, pacifastin and diptericin, in INT. Several transcripts of unknown proteins with investigative potential were found in both tissues. Our results also show that the presence of Tc can change the expression in both tissues for a long or short period of time. While SG homeostasis seems to be re-established on day 9, changes in INT are still evident. The findings of this study may be used for future research on parasite-vector interactions and contribute to the understanding of food physiology and post-meal/infection in triatomines.

Acute renal failure. III. The role of growth factors in the process of renal regeneration and repair

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. F3-F11 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Renal Regeneration ◽  
General Studies

This review, which is the final installment in a series devoted to controversial issues in acute renal failure (ARF) (3, 47), will examine available information regarding the role of growth factors in ARF. In general, studies in this area have fallen into two broad categories: 1) those that have examined the renal expression of genes encoding growth factors or transcriptional factors associated with the growth response that is induced after ARF, and 2) those that have examined the efficacy of exogenously administered growth factors in accelerating recovery of renal function in experimental models of ARF. Despite the vast amount of information that has accumulated in these two areas of investigation, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process of regeneration and repair after ARF, and the role of growth factors in this response, remains rudimentary. This overview, contributed to by a number of experts in the field, is designed to summarize present knowledge and to highlight potentially fertile areas for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Threshold concepts in medical education: A scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Jones ◽  
Lucy Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Threshold Concepts ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Concept Framework

Threshold concepts are attracting increasing attention as a framework for improving medical education practice. A growing number of studies in recent years have explored the role of threshold concepts in knowledge and skill acquisition amongst medical students and physicians. However, no review has utilised a systematic approach to examine the literature in this area. The author therefore proposes to undertake a scoping review to explore and describe the current research regarding threshold concepts in medical education and identify gaps in the existing literature. Medical and education databases will be searched for studies exploring threshold concepts in undergraduate, graduate and continuing medical education contexts. The findings will be presented in the form of a descriptive numerical summary and a narrative synthesis. The review will provide a comprehensive overview of how the threshold concept framework is currently being utilised and applied, and provide recommendations for how medical educators can employ the framework in their own practice. Exploration of the research approaches being used, and identification of gaps in the literature, will help inform future research, including determining focus for future systematic reviews.

scholarly journals Serotonin: A mediator of the gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsveta S Malinova ◽  
Christine D Dijkstra ◽  
Helga E de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Background: The significance of the gut microbiome for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established, although the underlying signaling mechanisms of this interaction have not been sufficiently explored. Objectives: We address this point and use serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT))—a microbial-modulated neurotransmitter (NT) as a showcase to demonstrate that NTs regulated by the gut microbiome are potent candidates for mediators of the gut–brain axis in demyelinating disorders. Methods, Results, and Conclusion: Our comprehensive overview of literature provides evidence that 5-HT levels in the gut are controlled by the microbiome, both via secretion and through regulation of metabolites. In addition, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can influence the formation of the serotonergic system (SS) in the brain. We also show that SS alterations have been related to MS directly—altered expression of 5-HT transporters in central nervous system (CNS) and indirectly—beneficial effects of 5-HT modulating drugs on the course of the disease and higher prevalence of depression in patients with MS. Finally, we discuss briefly the role of other microbiome-modulated NTs such as γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine in MS to highlight a new direction for future research aiming to relate microbiome-regulated NTs to demyelinating disorders.

The Sensory Dimension of Sustainable Retailing

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-83
Author(s):  
Diletta Acuti ◽  
Virginia Vannucci ◽  
Gabriele Pizzi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Impact

The chapter contributes to recent debate on retailing and sustainability, addressing the role of atmospherics in affecting consumer perceptions. First, after reviewing the relevant literature about sustainable retailing, this research addresses some practices oriented towards sustainability that can be implemented by a retailer, and how they can be communicated to consumers. Then, using an experimental design, the authors test the impact of sustainability-oriented visual atmospherics on consumer perceptions and intentions. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of past and current sustainability research in retailing, with a particular emphasis on store atmospherics. Future research should try to integrate the findings by investigating other sensory stimuli, such as tactile or auditory ones.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

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