scholarly journals Reservoir water in Singapore contains ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant bacteria with conjugatable conserved gene cluster transfer between different species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhong ◽  
Siyao Guo ◽  
Joergen Schlundt
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
The One ◽  
Conserved Gene

As the role of the aquatic environment in the One-Health approach has called increasing attention, the studies of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spreading in the water bodies have been reported worldwide. However, there are still limited studies on the AMR carrier in the reservoir water in Singapore. Since 2018, our group has collect water samples from six reservoirs in Singapore and isolated the beta-lactam-resistant bacteria from them. We then characterized the isolates with Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and successfully identified ESBL-producing bacteria from three sampling reservoirs, and confirmed their resistance with both phenotypic and sequencing methods. To better understand the AMR spreading locally, we compared our isolates with isolates from other WGS studies in Singapore covered humans, food, and the enviroment. From there, we noticed the same sequence type (ST) as ST10, ST23, and ST38 has been shared among the environment, food, and humans, as well as the same beta-lactamase genes, are widely distributed among multiple sources. Further genetic environment comparison of beta-lactamase has suggested their spreading as conserved gene clusters among different species and sources. And this hypothesis has been supported by the successful conjugation of blaCTX-M-15 from Klebsiella pneumonia to Escherichia coli (E .coli). We also applied the shotgun metagenomic sequencing to understand the community of bacteria in reservoir water and detect the AMR genes. The composition of bacteria has shown different diversity among different samples. Besides, different beta-lactamase genes have been identified compared to culture depended methods. Here, we suggest that sequencing analysis has great potential in understanding AMR spreading in the One-Health approach. A genetic-based AMR risk assessment is in urgent need in Singapore.

scholarly journals Aquatic environments in the One Health context: modulating the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alves Resende ◽  
Vânia Lúcia da Silva ◽  
Claudio Galuppo Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The One

Abstract: From an anthropocentric perspective, aquatic environments are important to maintain health and survival, however, as they are sometimes managed based on misconception, they are considered a convergent pathway for anthropogenic residues and sanitation. Thus, it is observed that these ecosystems have been threatened by chemical pollution due to xenobiotics, especially from a more contemporary approach, by the selective pressure associated with antimicrobials. There are several studies that report the enrichment of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and mobilizable antimicrobial resistance genes in aquatic and adjacent ecosystems. From the perspective of the emerging and reemerging number of diseases related to the interplay of human, animal, and environmental factors, a new conception arose to address these issues holistically, which is known as the One Health approach. Scientific and political discourse on this conception should lead to effective action plans for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases in open environment, including those impacted by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, nowadays, discussions on antimicrobial resistance are becoming broader and are requiring a multi-disciplinary view to address health and environmental challenges, which includes aquatic environment management. Water may represent one of the most important ecosystems for the in antimicrobial resistance phenomenon that arises when a dynamic and singular microbial community may be influenced by several characteristics. As antimicrobial substances do not all degrade at the same time under the same treatment, strategies concerning their removal from the environment should consider their individualized chemical characteristics.

scholarly journals Human, animal and environmental contributors to antibiotic resistance in low-resource settings: integrating behavioural, epidemiological and One Health approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1876) ◽  
pp. 20180332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Rousham ◽  
Leanne Unicomb ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
The One

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is recognized as a One Health challenge because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria and genes among humans, animals and the environment on a global scale. However, there is a paucity of research assessing ABR contemporaneously in humans, animals and the environment in low-resource settings. This critical review seeks to identify the extent of One Health research on ABR in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing research has highlighted hotspots for environmental contamination; food-animal production systems that are likely to harbour reservoirs or promote transmission of ABR as well as high and increasing human rates of colonization with ABR commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli . However, very few studies have integrated all three components of the One Health spectrum to understand the dynamics of transmission and the prevalence of community-acquired resistance in humans and animals. Microbiological, epidemiological and social science research is needed at community and population levels across the One Health spectrum in order to fill the large gaps in knowledge of ABR in low-resource settings.

Antimicrobial stewardship through a one health lens

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Anne D'Angeli ◽  
Joe B. Baker ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Margaret A. Davis ◽  
Kelly J. Kauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
One Health ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One

Purpose – Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global health crisis that is attracting focussed attention from healthcare, public health, governmental agencies, the public, and food producers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the work in Washington State to combat resistance and promote antimicrobial stewardship from a one health perspective. Design/methodology/approach – In 2014, the Washington State Department of Health convened a One Health Steering Committee and two workgroups to focus on AR, the One Health Antimicrobial Stewardship work group and the One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance work group. The group organized educational sessions to establish a basic understanding of epidemiological factors that contribute to resistance, including antibiotic use, transmission of resistant bacteria, and environmental contamination with resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues. Findings – The authors describe the varied uses of antibiotics; efforts to promote stewardship in human, and animal health, including examples from the USA and Europe; economic factors that promote use of antibiotics in animal agriculture; and efforts, products and next steps of the workgroups. Originality/value – In Washington, human, animal and environmental health experts are working collaboratively to address resistance from a one health perspective. The authors are establishing a multi-species resistance database that will allow tracking resistance trends in the region. Gaps include measurement of antibiotic use in humans and animals; integrated resistance surveillance information; and funding for AR and animal health research.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin in E. coli isolated from wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Luca Turini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
One Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
The One ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractThe One Health approach is not only focused on diseases and zoonosis control but also on antimicrobial resistance. As concern this important issue, the problem of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance recently emerged. Few studies reported data about colistin resistance and mcr genes in bacteria from wildlife. In this manuscript, 168 Escherichia coli isolated from hunted wild boar were tested; colistin resistance was evaluated by MIC microdilution method, and the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes was evaluated by PCR. Overall, 27.9% of isolates resulted resistant to colistin, and most of them showed a MIC value > 256 μg/mL. A percentage of 44.6% of tested E. coli scored positive for one or both genes. In details, 13.6% of isolated harbored mcr-1 and mcr-2 in combination; most of them exhibiting the highest MIC values. Interestingly, 19.6% of mcr-positive E. coli resulted phenotypically susceptible to colistin. Wild boar could be considered a potential reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria. In the light of the possible contacts with domestic animals and humans, this wild species could play an important role in the diffusion of colistin resistance. Thus, the monitoring programs on wildlife should include this aspect.

scholarly journals Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Transmission in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from a “One Health” Perspective—A Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Iskandar ◽  
Laurent Molinier ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Fausto Catena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The One

Antibiotic resistance is an ecosystem problem threatening the interrelated human-animal-environment health under the “One Health” framework. Resistant bacteria arising in one geographical area can spread via cross-reservoir transmission to other areas worldwide either by direct exposure or through the food chain and the environment. Drivers of antibiotic resistance are complex and multi-sectoral particularly in Lower- and Middle-income countries. These include inappropriate socio-ecological behaviors; poverty; overcrowding; lack of surveillance systems; food supply chain safety issues; highly contaminated waste effluents; and loose rules and regulations. In order to examine the drivers of antibiotic resistance from a “one health” perspective, a literature review was conducted on three databases including PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. A total of 485 studies of potential relevance were selected, out of which 182 were included in this review. Results have shown that the aforementioned market failures are the leading cause for the negative externality of antibiotic resistance that extends in scope from the individual to the global ecosystem. Incremental and sustainable global actions can make the change, however, the problem will continue to prevail if governments do not prioritize the “One health” approach and if individual’s accountability is still denied in a world struggling with profound socio-economic problems.

Use of antimicrobial alternatives in broilers and their impacts on health and productive performance.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (001) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro M. Redondo
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Antimicrobials are the keystone of therapy for bacterial infectious diseases. The One Health approach recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are intricately connected, where the use of antimicrobials in animals select for resistant bacteria which carries resistant genetic elements that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Therefore, antimicrobials use should be limited to treat sick animals. The removal of antimicrobials as growth promoters from animal diets is a growing and irreversible process that led to develop, select, and use cost and effective alternatives in poultry production. The most popular alternatives widely used in several regions of the world include metals, enzymes, organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytochemicals and combinations of them. The expected outcomes in health and productive performances of poultry chickens can be achieved if those antimicrobial alternatives are able to control some factors that influence gut health and productivity. The present review focuses on the impact of most widespread alternatives used for growth promotion on microbiota, immune system, and oxidative status.

scholarly journals Harmonized One Health Trans-Species and Community Surveillance for Tackling Antibacterial Resistance in India: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

10.2196/23241 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e23241
Author(s):  
◽  
Manoja Kumar Das ◽  
Ashoka Mahapatra ◽  
Basanti Pathi ◽  
Rajashree Panigrahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
One Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The One

Background India has the largest burden of drug‑resistant organisms compared with other countries around the world, including multiresistant and extremely drug‑resistant tuberculosis and resistant Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found in all living hosts and in the environment and move between hosts and ecosystems. An intricate interplay of infections, exposure to antibiotics, and disinfectants at individual and community levels among humans, animals, birds, and fishes triggers evolution and spread of resistance. The One Health framework proposes addressing antibiotic resistance as a complex multidisciplinary problem. However, the evidence base in the Indian context is limited. Objective This multisectoral, trans-species surveillance project aims to document the infection and resistance patterns of 7 resistant-priority bacteria and the risk factors for resistance following the One Health framework and geospatial epidemiology. Methods This hospital- and community-based surveillance adopts a cross-sectional design with mixed methodology (quantitative, qualitative, and spatial) data collection. This study is being conducted at 6 microbiology laboratories and communities in Khurda district, Odisha, India. The laboratory surveillance collects data on bacteria isolates from different hosts and their resistance patterns. The hosts for infection surveillance include humans, animals (livestock, food chain, and pet animals), birds (poultry), and freshwater fishes (not crustaceans). For eligible patients, animals, birds and fishes, detailed data from their households or farms on health care seeking (for animals, birds and fishes, the illness, and care seeking of the caretakers), antibiotic use, disinfection practices, and neighborhood exposure to infection risks will be collected. Antibiotic prescription and use patterns at hospitals and clinics, and therapeutic and nontherapeutic antibiotic and disinfectant use in farms will also be collected. Interviews with key informants from animal breeding, agriculture, and food processing will explore the perceptions, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use. The data analysis will follow quantitative (descriptive and analytical), qualitative, and geospatial epidemiology principles. Results The study was funded in May 2019 and approved by Institute Ethics Committees in March 2019. The data collection started in September 2019 and shall continue till March 2021. As of June 2020, data for 56 humans, 30 animals and birds, and fishes from 10 ponds have been collected. Data analysis is yet to be done. Conclusions This study will inform about the bacterial infection and resistance epidemiology among different hosts, the risk factors for infection, and resistance transmission. In addition, it will identify the potential triggers and levers for further exploration and action. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23241

scholarly journals The complete genome of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli ST410 harbored blaNDM-5 isolated from reservoir water in Singapore.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhong ◽  
Siyao Guo ◽  
Glendon Ong Hong Ming ◽  
Joergen Schlundt
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
E Coli

Objective: Escherichia coli ST410 with blaNDM-5 has been increasingly detected as multidrug resistance pathogens globally, even though there are very few reports of infections caused by blaNDM-5 producing E. coli in Singapore. And significantly limit sequencing information of blaNDM-5 carried E .coli strain from Singapore. In 2018, our group obtained a carbapenem resistance E. coli ST410 strain SrichA-1 isolated from reservoir water in Singapore, determined to harbor the NDM-5 gene. (BioSample Accession: SAMN18579051). Methods: The susceptibility test to antimicrobials was performed with microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and interpreted according to the Clinical And Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) -M100 standards. The genomic DNA of this strain was extracted and send for Whole-genome sequencing(WGS) with the Illumina platform. The WGS analysis was processed with the Center for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE, DTU) server. Results: During the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, SrichA-1 has shown strong resistance to all the beta-lactams, including cephalosporin and carbapenem, which can not be inhibited by the clavulanic acid. Further whole genome sequencing analysis has shown that the strain harboring five beta-lactamase genes covers all class A to D, including the carbapenemase genes as blaNDM-5. Conclusion: Here, we reported the complete chromosome sequence of this isolate as well as the sequence of a cycler plasmid. The pSGNDM-5 plasmid was furtherly identified to carry four beta-lactamase genes, including blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, while a blaCMY-2 was detected to be located on the chromosome.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Archaeome in Suckling Piglets Following Perinatal Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zeineldin ◽  
Ameer Megahed ◽  
Benjamin Blair ◽  
Brian Aldridge ◽  
James Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in swine health and wellbeing, but the gut archaeome structure and function in swine remain largely unexplored. To date, no metagenomics-based analysis has been done to assess the impact of an early life antimicrobials intervention on the gut archaeome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal tulathromycin (TUL) administration on the fecal archaeome composition and diversity in suckling piglets using metagenomic sequencing analysis. Sixteen litters were administered one of two treatments (TUL; 2.5 mg/kg IM and control (CONT); saline 1cc IM) soon after birth. Deep fecal swabs were collected from all piglets on days 0 (prior to treatment), 5, and 20 post intervention. Each piglet’s fecal archaeome was composed of rich and diverse communities that showed significant changes over time during the suckling period. At the phylum level, 98.24% of the fecal archaeome across all samples belonged to Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, the predominant archaeal genera across all samples were Methanobrevibacter (43.31%), Methanosarcina (10.84%), Methanococcus (6.51%), and Methanocorpusculum (6.01%). The composition and diversity of the fecal archaeome between the TUL and CONT groups at the same time points were statistically insignificant. Our findings indicate that perinatal TUL metaphylaxis seems to have a minimal effect on the gut archaeome composition and diversity in sucking piglets. This study improves our current understanding of the fecal archaeome structure in sucking piglets and provides a rationale for future studies to decipher its role in and impact on host robustness during this critical phase of production.

scholarly journals Identification of a New Antimicrobial, Desertomycin H, Utilizing a Modified Crowded Plate Technique

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Osama G. Mohamed ◽  
Sadaf Dorandish ◽  
Rebecca Lindow ◽  
Megan Steltz ◽  
Ifrah Shoukat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Plate Technique

The antibiotic-resistant bacteria-associated infections are a major global healthcare threat. New classes of antimicrobial compounds are urgently needed as the frequency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant microbes continues to rise. Recent metagenomic data have demonstrated that there is still biosynthetic potential encoded in but transcriptionally silent in cultivatable bacterial genomes. However, the culture conditions required to identify and express silent biosynthetic gene clusters that yield natural products with antimicrobial activity are largely unknown. Here, we describe a new antibiotic discovery scheme, dubbed the modified crowded plate technique (mCPT), that utilizes complex microbial interactions to elicit antimicrobial production from otherwise silent biosynthetic gene clusters. Using the mCPT as part of the antibiotic crowdsourcing educational program Tiny Earth®, we isolated over 1400 antibiotic-producing microbes, including 62, showing activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The natural product extracts generated from six microbial isolates showed potent activity against vancomycin-intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We utilized a targeted approach that coupled mass spectrometry data with bioactivity, yielding a new macrolactone class of metabolite, desertomycin H. In this study, we successfully demonstrate a concept that significantly increased our ability to quickly and efficiently identify microbes capable of the silent antibiotic production.

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