Geochemistry landscape classification: toxicity of chemical elements and their impact on human health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galib Rustamov ◽  
Latifa İsmaylova
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Landscape Classification

CIRCULATION OF THE HEAVY METALS IN NATURE, CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN DAILY FOOD, CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
Ismajl Cacaj ◽  
◽  
Nexhdet Shala ◽  
Arsim Elshani ◽  
Bakir Kelmendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Daily Food

scholarly journals The speciation of chemical elements in water and their possible impact on human health

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 07017
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mazukhina ◽  
Pavel Tereshchenko ◽  
Svetlana Drogobuzhskaya ◽  
Vladimir Pozhilenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The speciation of chemical elements in groundwaters of Apatity Kirovsky district may affect their bioavailability and toxicity. A complete hydrochemical analysis showed measurable concentrations of uranium, molybdenum, silver, barium, nickel, vanadium, aluminum, and lead, which contributed to a growing database of the chemical compositions of groundwater. Physical and chemical models showed that the vital elements calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and sulfate ion are in chemical forms that are favorable for human health (Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, SO42-). Forms of migration of carcinogenic or toxic elements (nickel, barium, vanadium, strontium, aluminum, lead) are among the most toxic (Ni2+, Ba2+, Sr2+) and remain so at the temperatures studied +3, +25, +37°C. One of the most insidious effects of inorganic compounds of lead, barium and strontium is the ability to replace calcium in bones isomorphically, nickel in the form of free ions (Ni2+) is 2 times more toxic than its complex compounds with inorganic and organic ligands. The results of this research can be useful in the fields of geochemistry, hydrology, ecology and medicine.

scholarly journals Chemical elements in the water of the São Pedro river basin, Faxinal - Paraná

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Cláudia Maria Justus ◽  
Amarildo Pasini ◽  
Jaqueline Aparecida Raminelli ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
André Celligoi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

Anthropogenic activities close to water bodies can be sources of contamination, posing a risk to the environment and human health. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition of surface and groundwater samples collected from the São Pedro river basin, in the municipality of Faxinal (PR-Brazil). Thirty-eight samples were collected in total: nineteen from rivers, two in dams, eleven at sites with springs, one in a shallow well, and five in deep wells part of the Guarani Aquifer System. Samples were collected in the rainy and dry seasons to determine the concentrations of the following elements: Magnesium, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Chromium, Nickel, Aluminum, Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium, which were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results were compared with the standards established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health Ordinance n. 2914/2011, which regulates the drinking water standard for human consumption in Brazil. Manganese, Aluminum, and Mercury levels were observed to be above those required by the standards established by the legislation, indicating that further studies are necessary to detect possible sources of pollution in these waters as well as highlighting the potential risks to human health and ultimately contributing to the environmental planning of this basin.

scholarly journals Potential Source of Heavy Metals in the Geophagic Clay (Marl) and Its Implication on Human Health in NE Iraq: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2C) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Abbas R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intentional Ingestion ◽  
Cu And Zn

Geophagy is the eating of non-food earthy matters practice (such as clay), which is performed especially in humans, to augment a scanty or mineral-deficient diet or as part of a cultural tradition. Geophagy, the intentional ingestion of clay or soil, is a prevalent practice among animals and humans, especially is more common in young ages, such as children and among pregnant women with a young age. In spite of some well documented cases, the motivations of this practice and its consequences on the status of health of the consumer are still unclear. This study focused on the source of heavy metals and its health impact because of the importance of the topic in the environmental hazards, especially as this addictive phenomenon may not be well known among families in our societies. During this study, twenty-four samples of marl were collected within the rock sequences of the Fatha Formation in the Kirkuk and Diyala, which are used in eating (mud eating disease) in these regions. The samples were subjected to laboratory studies including chemical analyses, to determine their contents of trace elements. The laboratory analytical data showed that these muds (marl) contain different concentrations of chemical elements such as (Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) which are among the heavy toxic elements and harmful to human health. A close look at the analytical data and results of the statistical and environmental factors, it is found that the marl (geophagia) consumption in terms of its content of trace elements, poses health risks to the consumer. However, it is worth mentioning to say that Geophagia practice may contribute large levels of the most beneficial elements such as Ca, Fe, K, Na, Cu, and Zn, supplying in demand mineral nutrients in the human body.

scholarly journals High iron content in river waters: environmental risks for aquatic biota and human health

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lucilene Finoto Viana ◽  
Bruno do Amaral Crispim ◽  
Juliana Caroline Vivian Sposito ◽  
Milena Perez de Melo ◽  
Luiza Flávia Veiga Francisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
High Iron Content

This study assessed the concentrations of metals in the Dourados and Brilhante Rivers, investigated the influence of landscape features surrounding these rivers on water quality, and evaluated the risks associated with metal contamination for aquatic biota and human health. Sampling was conducted at eighteen sites distributed along the rivers in June 2016. The concentrations of metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, Al and Co) in the water were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. All the samples possessed Fe concentrations above the threshold value for aquatic biota (0.3 mg L-1). Moreover, land use and land cover assessment of the study area revealed extensive agriculture activity, particularly in areas surrounding the Dourados River headwaters. Fe bioavailability for both rivers indicated risks for aquatic biota and human health. Overall, the elevated Fe content in these rivers was attributed to anthropogenic activity in the vicinity of these water bodies and the soil characteristics of the area. Considering the importance of river basins, it is necessary to implement public policies for their conservation, especially those related to the cultivation of forests of native species and sustainable agricultural practices, in addition to improving the effluent treatment infrastructure, which is essential to minimize the adverse effects of contamination by chemical elements in water bodies. Keywords: aquatic ecosystems, environmental contaminants, forest fragments.

Nuclear Processes Related to the Ap Stars and the Heaviest Chemical Elements

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
B. Kuchowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Isotopic Shifts ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
R Process ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
Nuclear Processes

SummaryIsotopic shifts in the lines of the heavy elements in Ap stars, and the characteristic abundance pattern of these elements point to the fact that we are observing mainly the products of rapid neutron capture. The peculiar A stars may be treated as the show windows for the products of a recent r-process in their neighbourhood. This process can be located either in Supernovae exploding in a binary system in which the present Ap stars were secondaries, or in Supernovae exploding in young clusters. Secondary processes, e.g. spontaneous fission or nuclear reactions with highly abundant fission products, may occur further with the r-processed material in the surface of the Ap stars. The role of these stars to the theory of nucleosynthesis and to nuclear physics is emphasized.

Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1203
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Botton ◽  
Gilles L'espérance
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8547-8559
Author(s):  
Hongjing Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Mengyao Mu ◽  
Menghao Guo ◽  
Hongxian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

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