scholarly journals A survey of challenges for runtime verification from advanced application domains (beyond software)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Sánchez ◽  
Gerardo Schneider ◽  
Wolfgang Ahrendt ◽  
Ezio Bartocci ◽  
Domenico Bianculli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Runtime Verification ◽  
Formal Specifications ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Execution Traces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract Runtime verification is an area of formal methods that studies the dynamic analysis of execution traces against formal specifications. Typically, the two main activities in runtime verification efforts are the process of creating monitors from specifications, and the algorithms for the evaluation of traces against the generated monitors. Other activities involve the instrumentation of the system to generate the trace and the communication between the system under analysis and the monitor. Most of the applications in runtime verification have been focused on the dynamic analysis of software, even though there are many more potential applications to other computational devices and target systems. In this paper we present a collection of challenges for runtime verification extracted from concrete application domains, focusing on the difficulties that must be overcome to tackle these specific challenges. The computational models that characterize these domains require to devise new techniques beyond the current state of the art in runtime verification.

scholarly journals In vivo interactome profiling by enzyme‐catalyzed proximity labeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Xu ◽  
Xianqun Fan ◽  
Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Protein Interactome ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractEnzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach to reveal the protein-protein interaction networks, dissect complex biological processes, and characterize the subcellular proteome in a more physiological setting than before. The enzymatic tags are being upgraded to improve temporal and spatial resolution and obtain faster catalytic dynamics and higher catalytic efficiency. In vivo application of PL integrated with other state of the art techniques has recently been adapted in live animals and plants, allowing questions to be addressed that were previously inaccessible. It is timely to summarize the current state of PL-dependent interactome studies and their potential applications. We will focus on in vivo uses of newer versions of PL and highlight critical considerations for successful in vivo PL experiments that will provide novel insights into the protein interactome in the context of human diseases.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Waste and Biomass: A Review on Process, Reactor, and Plant Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ischia ◽  
Luca Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Context Models

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging path to give a new life to organic waste and residual biomass. Fulfilling the principles of the circular economy, through HTC “unpleasant” organics can be transformed into useful materials and possibly energy carriers. The potential applications of HTC are tremendous and the recent literature is full of investigations. In this context, models capable to predict, simulate and optimize the HTC process, reactors, and plants are engineering tools that can significantly shift HTC research towards innovation by boosting the development of novel enterprises based on HTC technology. This review paper addresses such key-issue: where do we stand regarding the development of these tools? The literature presents many and simplified models to describe the reaction kinetics, some dealing with the process simulation, while few focused on the heart of an HTC system, the reactor. Statistical investigations and some life cycle assessment analyses also appear in the current state of the art. This work examines and analyzes these predicting tools, highlighting their potentialities and limits. Overall, the current models suffer from many aspects, from the lack of data to the intrinsic complexity of HTC reactions and HTC systems. Therefore, the emphasis is given to what is still necessary to make the HTC process duly simulated and therefore implementable on an industrial scale with sufficient predictive margins. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Induced Thermal Therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Norred ◽  
Jacqueline Anne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Temperature Imaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Temperature Imaging

Magnetic resonance-guided laser induced thermotherapy (MRgLITT) has become an increasingly relevant therapy for tumor ablation due to its minimally invasive approach and broad applicability across many tissue types. The current state of the art applies laser irradiation via cooled optical fiber applicators in order to generate ablative heat and necrosis in tumor tissue. Magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) is used concurrently with this therapy to plan treatments and visualize tumor necrosis. Though application in neurosurgery remains in its infancy, MRgLITT has been found to be a promising therapy for many types of brain tumors. This review examines the current use of MRgLITT with regard to the special clinical challenge of glioblastoma multiforme and examines the potential applications of next-generation nanotherapy specific to the treatment of glioblastoma.

HIGHLY ORIENTED DIAMOND FILMS ON HETEROSUBSTRATES: CURRENT STATE OF THE ART AND REMAINING CHALLENGES

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. ARNAULT
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications

The potential applications of diamond in the field of electronics working under high power and high temperature (aeronautic, aerospace, etc.) require highly oriented films on heterosubstrates. This is the key motivation of the huge research efforts that have been carried out during the last ten years. Very significant progress has been accomplished and nowadays diamond films with misorientations close to 1.5° are elaborated on β-SiC monocrystals. Moreover, an excellent crystalline quality with polar and azimuthal misalignments lower than 0.6° is reported for diamond films grown on iridium buffer layers. Unfortunately, these films are still too defective for high power electronics applications. To achieve higher crystalline quality, further improvements of the deposition methods are needed. Nevertheless, a deeper knowledge of the elemental mechanisms occurring during the early stages of growth is also essential. The first part of this paper focuses on the state of the art of the different investigated ways towards heteroepitaxy. Secondly, the present knowledge of the early stages of diamond nucleation and growth on silicon substrates for both classical nucleation and bias-assisted nucleation (BEN) is reviewed. Finally, the remaining questions concerning the understanding of the nucleation processes are discussed.

scholarly journals The challenges of joint attention

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Kaplan ◽  
Verena V. Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Open Issues

This article discusses the concept of joint attention and the different skills underlying its development. Research in developmental psychology clearly states that the development of skills to understand, manipulate and coordinate attentional behavior plays a pivotal role for imitation, social cognition and the development of language. However, beside the fact that joint attention has recently received an increasing interest in the robotics community, existing models concentrate only on partial and isolated elements of these phenomena. In the line of Tomasello’s research, we argue that joint attention is much more than simultaneous looking because it implies a shared intentional relation to the world. This requires skills for attention detection, attention manipulation, social coordination and, most importantly, intentional understanding. After defining joint attention and its challenges, the current state-of-the-art of robotic and computational models relevant for this issue is discussed in relation to a developmental timeline drawn from results in child studies. From this survey, we identify open issues and challenges that still need to be addressed to understand the development of the various aspects of joint attention and conclude with the potential contribution of robotic models.

scholarly journals The Rise of the Xenes: From the Synthesis to the Integration Processes for Electronics and Photonics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4170
Author(s):  
Carlo Grazianetti ◽  
Christian Martella
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Current State ◽  
Device Integration ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Artificial Nature ◽  
Critical Aspects

The recent outcomes related to the Xenes, the two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental graphene-like materials, in three interdisciplinary fields such as electronics, photonics and processing are here reviewed by focusing on peculiar growth and device integration aspects. In contrast with forerunner 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, the Xenes pose new and intriguing challenges for their synthesis and exploitation because of their artificial nature and stabilization issues. This effort is however rewarded by a fascinating and versatile scenario where the manipulation of the matter properties at the atomic scale paves the way to potential applications never reported to date. The current state-of-the-art about electronic integration of the Xenes, their optical and photonics properties, and the developed processing methodologies are summarized, whereas future challenges and critical aspects are tentatively outlined.

scholarly journals Formal Verification of Cloud and Fog Systems:A Review and Research Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-363
Author(s):  
Fairouz Fakhfakh ◽  
Slim Kallel ◽  
Saoussen Cheikhrouhou
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Verification Tools

Cloud and Fog computing have been widely recognized as attractive solutions in both academic and industrial sectors. Despite their benefits, the adoption of Cloud and Fog computing still have considerable challenges to be handled due to the increase of client requirements. A crucial issue, in this context, is how to verify the correctness of Cloud and Fog systems. The use of formal methods is an efficient mean which provides a real help for the designer to evaluate the behaviour of a system and prevent errors before its implementation. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review (SLR) on the current state of the art in this field. We collect the existing studies on the use of formal methods for proving the correctness of Cloud and Fog systems. The proposed approaches are compared based on some technical properties such as the verification methods, the verification tools, the considered properties, and the application domains. In addition, future directions which need more investigations are presented. We believe that our paper will be useful for industry and academic researchers to understand the existing contributions that deal with the cor- rectness of Cloud and Fog systems. Moreover, it helps them to address several gaps in the literature.

Opiate Receptors and Opiate Antagonists: Progress in the “War on Drugs”

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara W. Lex ◽  
Roger E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Opiate Antagonists ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Opiate Addicts ◽  
The Moment

The “War on Drugs” has spawned major research efforts that have led to the discovery of the “opiate receptor” and the development of new narcotic antagonists which may be useful adjuncts in the rehabilitation of chronic opiate addicts. At the moment, these findings are rich with potential applications and potential discovery. The authors review the current state of the art.

scholarly journals STN-Homography: Direct Estimation of Homography Parameters for Image Pairs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Homography Estimation ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Magnitude Difference

Estimating a 2D homography from a pair of images is a fundamental task in computer vision. Contrary to most convolutional neural network-based homography estimation methods that use alternative four-point homography parameterization schemes, in this study, we directly estimate the 3 × 3 homography matrix value. We show that after coordinate normalization, the magnitude difference and variance of the elements of the normalized 3 × 3 homography matrix is very small. Accordingly, we present STN-Homography, a neural network based on spatial transformer network (STN), to directly estimate the normalized homography matrix of an image pair. To decrease the homography estimation error, we propose hierarchical STN-Homography and sequence STN-homography models in which the sequence STN-Homography can be trained in an end-to-end manner. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated based on experiments on the Microsoft common objects in context (MSCOCO) dataset, and it is shown that they significantly outperform the current state-of-the-art. The average processing time of the three-stage hierarchical STN-Homography and the three-stage sequence STN-Homography models on a GPU are 17.85 ms and 13.85 ms, respectively. Both models satisfy the real-time processing requirements of most potential applications.

scholarly journals Peening Techniques for Surface Modification: Processes, Properties and Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3841
Author(s):  
Merbin John ◽  
Prasad Rao Kalvala ◽  
Manoranjan Misra ◽  
Pradeep L. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shock Peening

Surface modification methods have been applied to metals and alloys to change the surface integrity, obtain superior mechanical properties, and improve service life irrespective of the field of application. In this review paper, current state-of-the-art of peening techniques are demonstrated. More specifically, classical and advanced shot peening (SP), ultrasonic impact peening (UIP), and laser shock peening (LSP) have been discussed. The effect of these techniques on mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue life, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys, are discussed. This study also reports the comparisons, advantages, challenges, and potential applications of these processes.

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