scholarly journals Indentation modulus extrapolation and thickness estimation of ta-C coatings from nanoindentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (33) ◽  
pp. 18740-18748
Author(s):  
L. Lorenz ◽  
T. Chudoba ◽  
S. Makowski ◽  
M. Zawischa ◽  
F. Schaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon

AbstractCoatings used in tribological applications often exhibit high hardness and stiffness to achieve high wear resistance. One coating characterization method frequently used is nanoindentation which allows the determination of indentation hardness and indentation modulus among other material properties. The indentation modulus describes the elastic surface behavior during indentation and is, among hardness, a direct indicator for wear resistance. To obtain the true indentation modulus of a coating, it must be measured with varying loads and then extrapolated to zero load. Current recommendation of the standard ISO 14577-4:2016 is a linear extrapolation which fits poorly for nonlinear curves. Such nonlinear curves are commonly found for high hardness mismatches between coating and substrate, for example, superhard tetrahedral amorphous carbon coatings (ta-C) on a steel substrate. In this study, we present a new empirical fit model, henceforth named sigmoid. This fit model is compared to several existing fit models described in the literature using a large number of nanoindentation measurements on ta-C coatings with wide ranges of indentation modulus and coating thickness. This is done by employing a user-independent and model agnostic fitting methodology. It is shown that the sigmoid model outperforms all other models in the combination of goodness of fit and stability of fit. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sigmoid model’s fit parameter directly correlates with coating thickness and thus allows for a new approach of determining ta-C coating thickness from nanoindentation.

Amorphous SixC1−x films: an example of materials presenting low indentation hardness and high wear resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-7) ◽  
pp. 1053-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Esteve ◽  
A. Lousa ◽  
E. Martinez ◽  
H. Huck ◽  
E.B. Halac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Indentation Hardness

Phase, microstructure, and wear behavior of Al2O3-reinforced Fe–Si alloy-based metal matrix nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
Akash Saxena ◽  
Neera Singh ◽  
Bhupendra Singh ◽  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposites

In the present work, phase, microstructure, and wear properties of Al2O3-reinforced Fe–Si alloy-based metal matrix nanocomposites have been studied. Composites using 2 wt.% and 5 wt.% of Si and rest Fe powder mix were synthesized via powder metallurgy and sintered at different temperature schedules. Iron–silicon alloy specimens were found to have high hardness and high wear resistance in comparison to pure iron specimens. Addition of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% alumina reinforcement in Fe–Si alloy composition helped in developing iron aluminate (FeAl2O4) phase in composites which further improved the mechanical properties i.e. high hardness and wear resistance. Formation of iron aluminate phase occurs due to reactive sintering between Fe and Al2O3 particles. It is expected that the improved behavior of prepared nanocomposites as compared to conventional metals will be helpful in finding their use for wide industrial applications.

ELID Grinding Technology of Nano-Ceramic Scalpel

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1560-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Cai Kuai ◽  
Fei Hu Zhang ◽  
Ya Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Elid Grinding ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Edge Sharpness ◽  
Cutting Experiment ◽  
Promising Application

As the grain size of nano ceramic has reached nanometer grade, it possesses high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. Therefore, the scalpel made by nano ceramic has the virtue of high wear resistance, good corrosion resistance, long service life, non-toxic, non-static, sharp edge and so on, but the processing of this kind of scalpel is extremely difficult. This paper prepares the nano-ceramic scalpel by using ELID grinding technology, and also studies the thickness, surface roughness, edge sharpness of scalpel. The research results show that the thickness of prepared scalpel is 0.3 mm, the surface roughness is 6-60 nm and the edge radius is 200 nm, the cutting experiment on suture shows that this scalpel can meet the requirements of international standard for medical scalpel when the cutting force is less than 0.8 N. This further proves that the ELID grinding technology is suitable for the preparation of nano-ceramic scalpel. The preparation technology and technological equipment of nano-ceramic scalpel are proposed on the basis of above achievements, and this technology possesses promising application prospect.

scholarly journals Laser alloying of bearing steel with boron and self-lubricating addition

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kotkowiak ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
Michał Kulka
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
Amorphous Boron ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Borided Layer

Abstract 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel has been widely used for many applications, e.g. rolling bearings which work in difficult operating conditions. Therefore, this steel has to be characterized by special properties such as high wear resistance and high hardness. In this study laser-boriding was applied to improve these properties. Laser alloying was conducted as the two step process with two different types of alloying material: amorphous boron only and amorphous boron with addition of calcium fluoride CaF2. At first, the surface was coated with paste including alloying material. Second step of the process consisted in laser re-melting. The surface of sample, coated with the paste, was irradiated by the laser beam. In this study, TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser was used. The microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of both laser-borided layer and laser-borided layer with the addition of calcium fluoride were investigated. The layer, alloyed with boron and CaF2, was characterized by higher wear resistance than the layer after laser boriding only.

scholarly journals Effect of Nickel–Phosphorus and Nickel–Molybdenum Coatings on Electrical Ablation of Small Electromagnetic Rails

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Li-Shan Hsu ◽  
Pao-Chang Huang ◽  
Chih-Cheng Chou ◽  
Kung-Hsu Hou ◽  
Ming-Der Ger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molybdenum Coating ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electrochemically Deposited ◽  
Iron Material

The electromagnetic rail catapult is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy, which means that the strength of electrical energy directly affects the muzzle speed of armature. In addition, the electrical conductivity, electromagnetic rails and armature surface roughness, and the holding force of the rail are influencing factors that cannot be ignored. However, the electric ablation on the surface of the electromagnetic rails caused by high temperatures seriously affects the service life performance of the electromagnetic catapult system. In this study, electrochemically deposited nickel-phosphorus and nickel-molybdenum alloy coatings are plated on the surface of electromagnetic iron rails and their effects on the reduction of ablation are investigated. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) detector, XRD (X-ray diffraction), 3D optical profiler, and Vickers microhardness tester are used. Our results show that the sliding velocity of the armature decreases slightly with the increased roughness of the rail coating surface. On the other hand, the area of electric ablation on the rail surface is inversely related to the hardness of the rail material. The electrically ablated surface areas of the rails are in: annealed nickel–molybdenum < nickel–molybdenum < annealed nickel–phosphorus < nickel–phosphorus < iron material. Heat treatment at 400 and 500 °C, respectively for Ni–P and Ni–Mo alloys, significantly increases hardness due to the precipitation of intermetallic compounds such as Ni3P and Ni4Mo phases. Comprehensive data analysis shows that the annealed nickel–molybdenum coating has the best electrical ablation wear resistance. The possible reason for that might be attributed to the high hardness of the heat-treated nickel–molybdenum coating. In addition, the thermal resistance capability of molybdenum is better than that of phosphorus, which might also contribute to the high wear resistance to electric ablation.

The Research of Thermal Arc Sprayed Coatings Tribological Properties by Using Rubber Wheel Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justinas Gargasas ◽  
Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis ◽  
Irmantas Gedzevicius ◽  
Hanna Pokhmurska
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Porosity Of Coatings ◽  
Sprayed Coatings ◽  
Thermal Sprayed Coatings

This paper present the result obtained from new experimental STEIN-MESYFIL 953 V; STEIN-MESYFIL 954 V coatings. The surfacing material was wires of 1.6 mm diameter. The tests aimed at determining wear resistance of coatings sprayed on steel substrate. The investigation shows that the tribological behaviour of new experimental thermal arc sprayed coatings is greatly affected by its microstructural constituents such as porosity, oxide inclusions, and microhardness of coatings. Results show that increasing porosity of coatings twice, it doubles the mass loss. Results for thermal sprayed coatings of all experiments showed their high wear resistance and are discussed.

scholarly journals Multi-cycle of AISI 5135 steel modification by irradiation of the “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(AISI 5135 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
N N Koval ◽  
Yu F Ivanov ◽  
V V Shugurov ◽  
A D Teresov ◽  
E A Petrikova
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Steel Aisi

Abstract Steel AISI 5135 surface layer modification carried out by high-cycle high-speed melting of the “film (Si + Nb)/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam with an impact area of several square centimeters, have been implemented in a single vacuum cycle on the “COMPLEX” setup. The regime of the system “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam (20 J/cm2, 200 μs, 3 pulses, 3 cycles) which makes it possible to form a surface layer with high thermal stability have been revealed. This layer is characterized by high hardness, more than 3 times higher than the hardness of AISI 5135 steel in the original (ferrite-pearlite structure) and wear resistance, more than 90 times higher than the wear resistance of the initial AISI 5135 steel. It is shown that the high strength and tribological properties of steel are due to the formation of the hardening phase particles (niobium silicide of Nb5Si3 composition).

Carbon Nanotube Composite Deposits with High Hardness and High Wear Resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
L. Zhou ◽  
S. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composite ◽  
Composite Deposits

scholarly journals Structural and Mechanical Properties of a-BCN Films Prepared by an Arc-Sputtering Hybrid Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Yuki Hirata ◽  
Ryotaro Takeuchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Taniguchi ◽  
Masao Kawagoe ◽  
Yoshinao Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Volume

Amorphous boron carbon nitride (a-BCN) films exhibit excellent properties such as high hardness and high wear resistance. However, the correlation between the film structure and its mechanical properties is not fully understood. In this study, a-BCN films were prepared by an arc-sputtering hybrid process under various coating conditions, and the correlations between the film’s structure and mechanical properties were clarified. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the structural properties and chemical composition. Nanoindentation and ball-on-disc tests were performed to evaluate the hardness and to estimate the friction coefficient and wear volume, respectively. The results indicated that the mechanical properties strongly depend on the carbon content in the film; it decreases significantly when the carbon content is <90%. On the other hand, by controlling the contents of boron and nitrogen to a very small amount (up to 2.5 at.%), it is possible to synthesize a film that has nearly the same hardness and friction coefficient as those of an amorphous carbon (a-C) film and better wear resistance than the a-C film.

The Compound Tribological Properties of Nano-Ceramic Lubricating Additives and Ni-W-P Alloy Coating

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 624-629
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
W.S. Cheng ◽  
Zu Xin Zhao ◽  
X.B. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Material Wear

The major solving ways for the material wear are surface modification and lubrication. However, the application of only one solution can not achieve desirable effect. Ni–W–P alloy coating has high hardness and high wear resistance, and is an effect way of surface modification on the 45 steel. In the friction process, the nano ceramic lubricating additives deposited on the friction surface of Ni-W-P alloy coating so as to form a protective lubricating film, therefore realizing in-situ repair on the friction surface during operation. The nano ceramic particles achieve the antiwear and friction reducing effects by the micro polishing effect, the filling and repairing effects, ball bearing effect, multiphase microcrystal effect. Experiment results confirm that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano ceramic lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, and form double protection for the metal substrate, e.g., the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating (with heat treatment and the oil with nano ceramic additives) has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with basic oil, zero wear is achieved，which break through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned the two.

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