scholarly journals Sugar decorated star-shaped (co)polymers with resveratrol-based core – physicochemical and biological properties

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Bielas ◽  
Paulina Maksym ◽  
Karol Erfurt ◽  
Barbara Hachuła ◽  
Robert Gawecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

AbstractStar-shaped glycopolymers due to the attractive combination of the physicochemical, morphological, self-assembly properties along with biological activity have gained increased attention as innovative agents in novel cancer therapies. Unfortunately, the production of these highly desirable biomaterials remains a challenge in modern macromolecular chemistry. The main reason for that is the low polymerizability of ionic glycomonomers originated from their steric congestion and the occurrence of ionic interactions that generally negatively influence the polymerization progress and hinder controllable reaction pathway. In this work, the new ionic sugar monomer was (co)polymerized for the first time via Activator Generated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (AGET ATRP) using a three-arm resveratrol-based core to obtain star-like (co)polymers. The obtained products were examined in terms of their physicochemical properties and morphology. Aside from the synthesis of these new glycopolymers, also a thorough description of their thermal properties, ability to self-assembly, the formation of stable superstructures was studied in detail. It was found that examined (co)polymers did not show any heterogeneities and phase separation, while their variation of glass transition temperature (Tg) was strictly related to the change in the number of glycomonomer. Also, the stability and shapes of formed superstructures strictly depend on their composition and topology. Finally, we have shown that synthesized carbohydrate-based polymers revealed high antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines (i.e., breast, colon, glioma, and lung cancer). The cytotoxic activity was particularly observed for star-shaped polymers that were systematically enhanced with the growing concentration of amine moieties and molecular weight. The results presented herein suggest that synthesized star-shaped glyco(co)polymers are promising as drug or gene carriers in anticancer therapies or anti-tumor agents, depending on their cytotoxicity. Graphical abstract

Evaluation of Stability and Maturity during Tobacco Industrial Solid Waste Composting

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Hong Zhao ◽  
Yu Jie Feng ◽  
Yan Ling Yu ◽  
Zi Mu Li
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties ◽  
Forced Aeration ◽  
The Stability

We studied the changes of physicochemical and biological properties in order to evaluate the stability and maturity of the composting process during the forced-aeration composting process of tobacco industry wastes. Composting was carried out using two methods, i.e. waste tobacco leaves mixed with 15% waste tobacco stems (bioreactor A) and the addition of 30% waste tobacco stems (bioreactor B). The results showed that two composting all maintained the temperature exceeding 55°C for more than 3days. Compared with treatment B, the time of reach high temperature in the treatment A was shorted by 1 day and the sustaining time of high temperature extended by 3 days. The final electrical conductivity in compost A did not exceed the limit value of 3.00ms/cm-1for stable compost. The final germination index in composting A and B were 111% and 85% respectively, which suggested a higher stability in composting A than B.

Single Amino Acid Based Self-Assemblies of Cysteine and Methionine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gour ◽  
Bharti Koshti ◽  
Chandra Kanth P. ◽  
Dhruvi Shah ◽  
Vivek Shinh Kshatriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
First Time

We report for the very first time self-assembly of Cysteine and Methionine to discrenible strucutres under neutral condition. To get insights into the structure formation, thioflavin T and Congo red binding assays were done which revealed that aggregates may not have amyloid like characteristics. The nature of interactions which lead to such self-assemblies was purported by coincubating assemblies in urea and mercaptoethanol. Further interaction of aggregates with short amyloidogenic dipeptide diphenylalanine (FF) was assessed. While cysteine aggregates completely disrupted FF fibres, methionine albeit triggered fibrillation. The cytotoxicity assays of cysteine and methionine structures were performed on Human Neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells which suggested that aggregates are not cytotoxic in nature and thus, may not have amyloid like etiology. The results presented in the manuscript are striking, since to the best of our knowledge,this is the first report which demonstrates that even non-aromatic amino acids (cysteine and methionine) can undergo spontaneous self-assembly to form ordered aggregates.

Probing the Dynamic Self-Assembly Behaviour of Photoswitchable Wormlike Micelles in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Kelly ◽  
Judith E. Houston ◽  
Rachel Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Wormlike Micelles ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Processes

Understanding the dynamic self-assembly behaviour of azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS) is crucial to advance their use in controlled release applications such as<i></i>drug delivery and micellar catalysis. Currently, their behaviour in the equilibrium <i>cis-</i>and <i>trans</i>-photostationary states is more widely understood than during the photoisomerisation process itself. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of the different photoisomers of a model neutral AzoPS, <a>tetraethylene glycol mono(4′,4-octyloxy,octyl-azobenzene) </a>(C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>) using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We show that the incorporation of <i>in-situ</i>UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with SANS allows the scattering profile, and hence micelle shape, to be correlated with the extent of photoisomerisation in real-time. It was observed that C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>could switch between wormlike micelles (<i>trans</i>native state) and fractal aggregates (under UV light), with changes in the self-assembled structure arising concurrently with changes in the absorption spectrum. Wormlike micelles could be recovered within 60 seconds of blue light illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the degree of AzoPS photoisomerisation has been tracked <i>in</i><i>-situ</i>through combined UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy-SANS measurements. This technique could be widely used to gain mechanistic and kinetic insights into light-dependent processes that are reliant on self-assembly.

scholarly journals Self-Assembled Bimetallic Aluminum-Salen Catalyst for the Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4097
Author(s):  
Wooyong Seong ◽  
Hyungwoo Hahm ◽  
Seyong Kim ◽  
Jongwoo Park ◽  
Khalil A. Abboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cyclic Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Salen Aluminum

Bimetallic bis-urea functionalized salen-aluminum catalysts have been developed for cyclic carbonate synthesis from epoxides and CO2. The urea moiety provides a bimetallic scaffold through hydrogen bonding, which expedites the cyclic carbonate formation reaction under mild reaction conditions. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the bis-urea salen Al catalyst is three times higher than that of a μ-oxo-bridged catalyst, and 13 times higher than that of a monomeric salen aluminum catalyst. The bimetallic reaction pathway is suggested based on urea additive studies and kinetic studies. Additionally, the X-ray crystal structure of a bis-urea salen Ni complex supports the self-assembly of the bis-urea salen metal complex through hydrogen bonding.

scholarly journals The Influence of Bloom Index, Endotoxin Levels and Polyethylene Glycol Succinimidyl Glutarate Crosslinking on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Gelatin Biomaterials

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Zhuning Wu ◽  
Stefanie H. Korntner ◽  
Jos Olijve ◽  
Anne Maria Mullen ◽  
Dimitios I. Zeugolis
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Free Amine ◽  
Amine Content ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties

In the medical device sector, bloom index and residual endotoxins should be controlled, as they are crucial regulators of the device’s physicochemical and biological properties. It is also imperative to identify a suitable crosslinking method to increase mechanical integrity, without jeopardising cellular functions of gelatin-based devices. Herein, gelatin preparations with variable bloom index and endotoxin levels were used to fabricate non-crosslinked and polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinked gelatin scaffolds, the physicochemical and biological properties of which were subsequently assessed. Gelatin preparations with low bloom index resulted in hydrogels with significantly (p < 0.05) lower compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) free amine content than gelatin preparations with high bloom index. Gelatin preparations with high endotoxin levels resulted in films that induced significantly (p < 0.05) higher macrophage clusters than gelatin preparations with low endotoxin level. Our data suggest that the bloom index modulates the physicochemical properties, and the endotoxin content regulates the biological response of gelatin biomaterials. Although polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinking significantly (p < 0.05) increased compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased free amine content, at the concentration used, it did not provide sufficient structural integrity to support cell culture. Therefore, the quest for the optimal gelatin crosslinker continues.

scholarly journals Interactions between an Associative Amphiphilic Block Polyelectrolyte and Surfactants in Water: Effect of Charge Type on Solution Properties and Aggregation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Patrizio Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solution Rheology ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
First Time

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of the same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant causes precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins Recovered from Agri-Food By-Products Using Innovative Processes: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives for Their Application in Food Systems

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Henrique Silvano Arruda ◽  
Eric Keven Silva ◽  
Nayara Macêdo Peixoto Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Araujo Pereira ◽  
Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
By Products

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins’ applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve: A Mediterranean Edible Euhalophyte

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez-Gavilán ◽  
Esteban Ramírez ◽  
Vicenta de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tinto River ◽  
New Findings ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Salicornia Patula ◽  
First Time

Many halophytes have great nutritional and functional potential, providing chemical compounds with biological properties. Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve is a common euhalophyte from saline Mediterranean territories (Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy). In the present work we quantified for the first time the bioactive compounds in S. patula (total phenolic compounds and fatty acids), from Iberian Peninsula localities: littoral-coastal Tinto River basin areas (southwest Spain, the Huelva province), and mainland continental territories (northwest and central Spain, the Valladolid and Madrid provinces). Five phenolic acids including caffeic, coumaric, veratric, salicylic, and transcinnamic have been found with differences between mainland and coastal saltmarshes. S. patula contain four flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol/luteolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside. These last two glycosylated compounds are described for the first time in this genus of Chenopodiaceae. The fatty acid profile described in S. patula stems contains palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids in high concentrations, while stearic and long-chain fatty acids were detected in low amounts. These new findings confirm that S. patula is a valuable source of bioactive compounds from Mediterranean area.

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