Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and compressive strength of a dental cement modified using plant extract mixture

AbstractLiterature lacks sufficient data regarding addition of natural antibacterial agents to glass ionomer cement (GICs). Hence, the aim of the study was to increase the antimicrobial properties of GICs through its modification with mixture of plant extracts to be evaluated along with an 0.5% chlorohexidine-modified GIC (CHX-GIC) with regard to biological and compressive strength properties. Conventional GIC (freeze-dried version) and CHX were used. Alcoholic extract of Salvadora persica, Olea europaea, and Ficus carcia leaves were prepared using a Soxhlet extractor for 12 h. The plant extract mixture (PE) was added in three different proportions to the water used for preparation of the dental cement (Group 1:1 PE, 2:1 PE, and 1:2 PE). Specimens were then prepared and tested against the unmodified GIC (control) and the 0.5% CHX-GIC. Chemical analysis of the extract mixture was performed using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion assay against Micrococcus luteus and Streptoccocus mutans. Compressive strength was evaluated according to ISO 9917-1:2007 using a Zwick testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Antimicrobial activity against Streptoccocus mutans was significantly increased for all the extract-modified materials compared to the unmodified cement, and the highest concentration was comparable to the CHX-GIC mixture. The activity against Micrococcus luteus was also significantly increased, but only for the material with the highest extract concentration, and here the CHX-GIC group showed statistically the highest antimicrobial activity. Compressive strength results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the different mixtures and the control except for the highest tested concentration that showed the highest mean values. The plant extracts (PEs) enhanced the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and also against M. luteus in the higher concentration while compressive strength was improved by addition of the PE at higher concentrations.

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Evaluation of the Flexural Strength, Water Sorption, and Solubility of a Glass Ionomer Dental Cement Modified Using Phytomedicine

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13235352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 5352

Author(s):

Lamia Singer ◽

Gabriele Bierbaum ◽

Katja Kehl ◽

Christoph Bourauel

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Water Sorption ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bending Test ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Freeze Dried

Various medicinal plant parts and extracts have been proven to be sources of biologically active compounds, many of which have been incorporated in the production of new pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, the aim of this study was to increase the antimicrobial properties of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) through its modification with a mixture of plant extracts, which were evaluated along with a 0.5% chlorohexidine-modified GIC (CHX-GIC) with regard to the water sorption, solubility, and flexural strength. Methods: Salvadora persica, Olea europaea, and Ficus carcia leaves were prepared for extraction with ethyll alcohol using a Soxhlet extractor for 12 h. The plant extract mixture (PE) was added in three different concentrations to the water used for preparation of a conventional freeze-dried GIC (groups 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2). Specimens were then mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and tested against the unmodified GIC (control) and a GIC modified with 0.5% chlorhexidine. Water sorption and solubility were evaluated after 7 days of immersion in distilled water. Flexural strength was evaluated in a three-point bending test after 24 h using a universal material testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison between the groups. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison when the ANOVA test was significant. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the control (M = 20.5%), CHX-GIC (M = 19.6%), 1:1 (M = 20.0%), 1:2 (M = 19.5%), and 2:1 (19.7%) groups with regard to the percentage of water sorption, while for water solubility the 2:1 (M = −0.39%) plant-modified group was significantly different from all of the other groups. Flexural strength test results showed that the 2:1 group (M = 26.1 MPa) recorded significantly higher mean values compared to all other tested groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The plant extracts did not negatively affect the water sorption and solubility of the GIC, while the flexural strength was improved by the addition of the plant extract at higher concentrations.

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Antimicrobial Air Filter Coating with Plant Extracts Against Airborne Microbes

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10249120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 9120

Author(s):

Ha Ram Byun ◽

Seon Young Park ◽

Ee Taek Hwang ◽

Byoung In Sang ◽

Jiho Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Polymeric Coating ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Air Filters ◽

Air Filter ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Airborne Microbes

Antimicrobial air filters are required to protect humans from the risk of secondary bioaerosol pollution as well as airborne particles. Three plant extracts (tea-tree oil, rosemary, and garlic) were selected to replace antimicrobial chemicals in air filters. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was investigated using Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. Phytochemicals present in the three plant extracts were identified using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. The extracts were spray-coated on polyethylene terephthalate filter surfaces using silicate polymeric coating and evaluated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy. After coating, an increase of 9.1% in the pressure drop was observed. The strain Micrococcus luteus was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the air filter. After bioaerosol exposure, the tea-tree oil-coated filters immediately induced M. luteus cell inactivation (40–55%), whereas the rosemary and garlic coated filters did not. However, 48 h after exposure, a significant M. luteus inactivation of 99.99%, 99.0%, and 99.9% was recorded for concentrations of 2.89, 6.73, and 11.51 mg/cm2 for the tea-tree, rosemary, and garlic extracts, respectively. The coated filters exhibited high antimicrobial activity, thereby indicating significant potential for application as self-cleaning air filters.

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Redox Status Is Critical for Stemness in Skin Equivalents

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2012/819623 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hye-Ryung Choi ◽

Youn-A Kang ◽

Jung-Won Shin ◽

Jung-Im Na ◽

Chang-Hun Huh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Redox Status ◽

Proliferative Potential ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Intense Staining ◽

Significant Difference

The skin is constantly exposed to environmental oxidative stress. Skin equivalent (SE) models are three-dimensional systems in which cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions can be investigated. In this study, the effects of vitamin C or plant extracts with high antioxidant activities were tested. There was no significant difference in the epidermal thickness, but the basal cells became cuboidal when vitamin C or plant extracts were supplemented. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed linear and intense staining ofα6 andβ1 integrin along the basement membrane in vitamin C or plant extract treated models. The p63 and PCNA were also stained. Results showed that the number of p63 and PCNA positive cells was higher in the vitamin C or plant extract treated models than in the control SEs. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and stem cells is not known, our results suggest that redox status affects the stemness and the proliferative potential of epidermal basal cells by modulating microenvironment to epidermal basal stem cells.

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Comparative evaluation of compressive strength of esthetic restorative materials

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Dr. Sazan Sherdil Saleem

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Ionomer Cement

The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the compressive strength ofconventional glass ionomer cement with resin modified glass ionomer, compomer andmicrohybrid composite. A total of 40 specimens of esthetic restorative materials werefabricated using customized cylindrical teflon mould measuring 6mm height and 4mmdiameter and were grouped with ten specimens in each group, Group I: Conventionalglass ionomer cement (Fuji II). Group II: Resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC).Group III: Compomer (Dyract AP) and Group IV: Microhybrid composite resin(Tetric Ceram).They were covered with Mylar strip and were cured using LED lightcuring unit. Compressive strength was evaluated using Universal testing machine. Theresult showed that there were a significant difference among the groups in whichTetric Ceram showed highest compressive strength and Fuji II showed the leastcompressive strength

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Evaluation of Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide in Terms of Antimicrobial Activity and Dentin Bond Strength

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207324666210816121255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Tugba Serin Kalay ◽

Yakup Kara ◽

Sengul alpay Karaoglu ◽

Sevgi Kolaylı

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Control Group ◽

Limited Information ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Oral Pathogens

Background: Antimicrobial agents are recommended for disinfection of the cavity following mechanical dental caries removal prior to application of restorative material. There is limited information about stabilized chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a cavity disinfectant. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity and effect on dentin bond strength of ClO2 compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethanolic propolis extract (EPE). Methods: Antimicrobial activities of agents against oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and analyses of EPE were examined. Seventy-five mandibular third molars were sectioned, prepared and divided into five subgroups (n=15/group). Cavity disinfectants (2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, 30% EPE, 0.3% ClO2) were applied to etched dentin prior to adhesive and composite build-up. Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The SBS data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p <0.05). The failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope. Results: It was determined that the compared disinfectants were showed different inhibition zone values against oral pathogens. ClO2 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by CHX, NaOCI and EPE, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the SBS values between the disinfectant treated groups and control group. The failure modes were predominantly mixed. Conclusion: The use of 0.3% stabilized ClO2 as a cavity disinfectant agent exhibited high antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and no adverse effects on SBS to etched dentin.

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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Cetylpyridinium Chloride Enriched Glass-Ionomer Restorative Cement: A Comparative Study Assessing Compressive Strength and Antibacterial Activity

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-43.1.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Nida Hamid ◽

Ravishankar Lingesha Telgi ◽

Amit Tirth ◽

Vaibhav Tandon ◽

Smita Chandra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To evaluate the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the compressive strength and antibacterial activity of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Study design: TiO2 nanoparticles enriched GIC was prepared by adding 3% TiO2 nanoparticles (w/w) into the powder component of conventional GIC. CPC containing GIC was developed by incorporating 1% CPC (w/w) into conventional GIC powder. Samples were segregated into three groups: GIC with 3% TiO2 nanoparticles, GIC with 1% CPC and unmodified conventional GIC. Compressive strength was assessed using the universal testing machine on cylindrical specimens made from each material. Antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring inhibition zones on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB) agar inoculated with pure strain of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results: GIC containing TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited significantly greater compressive strength as compared with CPC and conventional GIC groups (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the compressive strengths of CPC and conventional GIC group (P >0.05). Antibacterial activity was significantly greater for TiO2 group than conventional GIC (P <0.05). CPC increased the antibacterial activity of conventional GIC, though not significantly. Conclusion: The addition of 3% TiO2 nanoparticles improves the compressive strength of GIC as well as its antibacterial activity against S. mutans.

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The effects of mixing slurry water with type III gypsum on setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i4.p195-199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Chindy Fransiska Br Nainggolan ◽

Dwi Tjahyaning Putranti

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Setting Time ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Dimensional Change ◽

Calcium Sulphate ◽

Type Iii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Change Of Type ◽

Group B

Background: Type III gypsum is a material used to make dental master casts. It may be added to an accelerator, such as slurry water, to shorten setting time. Calcium sulphate in slurry water may affect setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability. Purpose: The study evaluated the effect of slurry water on the setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability of type III gypsum. Methods: Eighty-one samples were made of type III gypsum, divided into three groups: group A was gypsum mixed with 1% slurry water, group B, gypsum mixed with 2% slurry water and group C, gypsum mixed with distilled water. Each sample was formed using a standardised master mould. For testing setting time, a cylindrical mould 25 mm in diameter and height was used; for compressive strength testing, the cylindrical mould was 20 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height; and for dimensional stability testing, a pair of cylindrical, ruled block and mould were used. Setting time was tested using Vicat’s apparatus; compressive strength was tested using a universal testing machine; and dimensional stability was tested using digital callipers. The data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) tests. Results: One-way ANOVA and LSD tests showed significant differences in the effect of slurry water on the setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability of type III gypsum (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of slurry water can shorten setting time, decrease compressive strength and increase dimensional change of type III gypsum.

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Effects of filler volume of nanosisal in compressive strength of composite resin

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i4.p183-187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Dwi Aji Nugroho ◽

W. Widjijono ◽

N. Nuryono ◽

Widya Asmara ◽

Wijayanti Dwi Aastuti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Filler Materials ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Volume Group

Background: One of the composite resin composition is inorganic filler. The production of inorganic filler materials was highly dependent on non-degradable, and nonrenewable fossil fuels. Therefore, natural fibers can be used as substitute for inorganic fillers. One that can be developed is sisal. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of nanosisal filler volume on compressive strength of composite resin. Methods: In this study, composite resins with nano-sized sisal as filler were manufactured and labeled as nanosisal composites. This research processed sisal fibers into nano size and mixed them with Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, Champhorquinone (Sigma Aldrich). Nanofiller composite (Z350 XT, 3M, ESPE) was utilized as a control. The 20 samples utilized were divided into 4 groups (each group containing five samples): Group A contained nanosisal composite of 60% filler volume, group B, nanosisal composite of 65% filler volume, group C, nanosisal composite of 70% filler volume and group D, nanofiller composite (Z350 XT, 3M, ESPE). Samples were 2 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height. The sample was tested for compressive strength using a universal testing machine (UTM). Data was analyzed by means of a Kruskal Wallis procedure. Results: The mean of the compressive strength of the nanosisal composite 60% was 16.80 MPa; the nanosisal composite 65% was 10.80 MPa, the nanosisal composite 70% was 7.20 MPa and the nanofiller composite was 7.40 MPa. There was a significant difference in data analysis (p = 0.033; p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the filler volume of nanosisal influenced the compressive strength of a composite resin and the nanosisal filler volume was recomended at 60%.

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Pengaruh Penyinaran Qth Dan Led Pada Kekuatan Tekan Resin Komposit Bulkfilldengan Berbagai Ketebalan

Jurnal Material Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.32793/jmkg.v6i1.259 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Atia Nurul Sidiqa ◽

Badi Soerachman

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qth Light ◽

Thickness Variations

The incremental layering technique with a 2mm maximum depth is a standard procedure to produce a perfect resin composite with a high mechanical strength. Recent studies has developed bulkfill composite resin that can be done to a depth of more than 4mm. Composite resin polymerization process through irradiation can be obtained by the use of Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED). One of the mechanical properties needed for the restorative material is good compressive strength to withstand a load of chewing time during the process of mastication function. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of irradiation QTH and LED on the compressive strength of composite resin bulkfill with thickness variations of 4 and 6mm. Teflon mold were used to prepare the resin bulkfill spesimen (6mm in diameter x 4mm in length) bulkfill disk 6mm diameter with a thickness of 4mm (n=5) and 6mm (n=5). Samples were soaked in distilled water with a temperature of 37ºC for 24 hours and then do the pressure test measurements by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with 250kgf load and speed of 0.5 mm/min. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and unpaired t-test used in this study.The results of the study there is no influence thickness was statistically significant (a=0.05) in the composite resin bulkfill thickness of 4mm and 6mm in LED and QTH irradiation group with a value of compressive strength 4mm group (147.82 ± 24,35MPa) and sample 6mm (133.76±30.63 MPa), QTH light source sample 4mm (158,21 ± 18,61Mpa), 6mm (154,23±21,43Mpa). LED and QTH no significant difference (p>0.05) in a thickness of 4mm and 6mm. Conclusion, bulkfill composite resin can be applied to the LED and QTH to a depth of 6mm without effecting the bulkfill compressive strength.

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Mechanical Properties of Tendons: Changes With Sterilization and Preservation

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2795946 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 56-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

C. W. Smith ◽

I. S. Young ◽

J. N. Kearney

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Dynamic Testing ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽

Tissue Banks ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference

Tendon allografts are commonly used to replace damaged anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL). Some of the sterilization and preservation techniques used by tissue banks with tendon allografts are thought to impair the mechanical properties of graft tissues. The tensile mechanical properties of porcine toe extensor tendons were measured using a dynamic testing machine following either freezing, freeze-drying, freezing then irradiation at 25 kGy (2.5 MRad), freeze-drying then irradiation, or freeze-drying then ethylene oxide gas sterilization. There was a small but significant difference in Young’s modulus between the frozen group (0.88 GPa ± 0.09 SD) and both the fresh group (0.98 GPa ± 0.12 SD) and the frozen irradiated group (0.97 GPa ± 0.08 SD). No values of Young’s modulus were obtained for the freeze-dried irradiated tendons. The ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of the freeze-dried irradiated group (4.7 MPa ± 4.8 SD) was significantly different from both the fresh and the frozen irradiated groups, being reduced by approximately 90 percent. There were no significant changes in UTS or Young’s modulus between any of the other groups. If irradiation is to be used to sterilize a tendon replacement for an ACL it must take place after freeze-drying to maintain mechanical properties.

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