scholarly journals Psychological Distress, Terrorist Involvement and Disengagement from Terrorism: A Sequence Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Corner ◽  
Paul Gill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This paper utilizes probability-based modelling to unpack the complex and multifaceted individual, sociological, and psychological processes present within terrorist groups which may affect an individual’s psychological wellbeing. We outline the predictors of the onset of psychological distress across three phases of terrorist involvement (engagement, disengagement, and post-disengagement). Methods Utilizing a dataset of over 90 terrorist autobiographies, we conduct sequence analyses to pinpoint the onset of psychological problems and the experiences that preceded and proceeded this onset. Results The results demonstrate the complexity in the relationship between mental disorders and terrorist engagement and the heterogeneity of the lived experience of ‘being’ a terrorist. The experience of psychological distress is mediated by numerous factors and the combination of these factors. Conclusions The results helped highlight the complexity of ‘being’ a terrorist; multiple factors at individual, social, and group levels impact on an individual as they pass through life. Individuals engaged within terrorism encounter a number of risk factors, which if an individual has lower baseline levels of individual resilience and is not fully committed to the group identity, may impact them psychologically. The results highlighted that it is not the presence of risk factors which impact on an individual, but how they perceive these risk factors.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and terrorist engagement: Measuring, correlating, and sequencing its onset with negative life events, social factors, and protective factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152110236
Author(s):  
Emily Corner ◽  
Paul Gill
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

This article employs probability-based modelling to unpack the complex and multifaceted individual, social, and psychological processes that may provide psychological protection for individuals engaged with terrorist groups. We outline the predictors of the onset of psychological distress across two phases of terrorist involvement (pre-engagement and engagement). Using a dataset of 96 terrorist autobiographies, we conduct sequence analyses to pinpoint the onset of psychological problems and the experiences that preceded and followed this onset. The results demonstrate a complexity in the relationship between mental disorders and terrorist engagement, as well as the heterogeneity of the lived experience of “being” a terrorist. The experience of psychological distress was mediated by numerous factors and the combination of these factors. The evidence suggests that, in certain cases, individual and group resilience may be a protective factor when an individual faces negative experiences. The presence of protective factors may not be sufficient to explain why group-actor terrorists present with a lower than expected prevalence of mental disorder. Future work should examine whether experiences commonly viewed as risk factors may be more useful in examining the occurrence of psychopathology in terrorists.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DIFFERENTIAL TYPE OF REFLECTION AND THE COMPONENTS OF RESILIENCE IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-217
Author(s):  
А. И. Лактионова
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Differential Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Human

Статья посвящена изучению взаимосвязей между дифференциальным типом рефлексии (системная, интроспекция и квазирефлексия) и компонентами жизнеспособности человека в разных возрастных группах. В качестве компонентов жизнеспособности рассматриваются: эмоциональный интеллект и формально - динамические характеристики. Гипотезы исследования: 1. В разных возрастных группах различается выраженность средних показателей индивидуальной, семейной и контекстуальной жизнеспособности и дифференциального типа рефлексии; 2. Системная рефлексия является ресурсом индивидуальной жизнеспособности человека; 3. Интроекция и квазирефлексия являются факторами риска для индивидуальной жизнеспособности и отрицательно связаны с ней; 4. В разных возрастных группах различается характер взаимосвязей компонентов жизнеспособности и дифференциального типа рефлексии. Общая выборка исследования составила 143 человека. Все респонденты были разделены на 3 группы: 1 группа 18-25 лет; 2 группа 26-45; 3 группа 46-65 лет. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ групп №1 и 3. Методики исследования: Тест жизнеспособности взрослых CYRM-28; Опросник «Дифференциальный тип рефлексии» (Д.А. Леонтьев, Е.М. Лаптева, Е.Н. Осин, А.Ж. Салихова); Опросник эмоционального интеллекта «ЭМИН» (Люсин, 2006); Методика изучения структуры темперамента Я. Стреляу (PTS). В результате исследования: 1. Не было получено значимых различий в степени выраженности индивидуальной жизнеспособности и системной рефлексии между двумя группами. У респондентов старшей группы по сравнению с младшей группой выше показатели семейной, контекстуальной и общей жизнеспособности и ниже - интроекции и квазирефлексии; 2. Системная рефлексия является ресурсом индивидуальной жизнеспособности в группе респондентов 18-25 лет; В обеих группах интроспекция и квазирефлексия являются фактором риска для жизнеспособности; 4. В разных возрастных группах различается характер взаимосвязей компонентов жизнеспособности и дифференциального типа рефлексии The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the differential type of reflection (systemic, introspection and quasi-reflection) and the components of human resilience in different age groups. The components of resilience are considered: emotional intelligence and formally dynamic characteristics. Research hypotheses: 1. In different age groups, the severity of the average indicators of individual, family and contextual resilience and the differential type of reflection differs; 2. Systemic reflection is a resource of individual human resilience; 3. Introjection and quasi-reflection are risk factors for individual resilience and are negatively associated with it; 4. In different age groups, the nature of the relationship between the components of resilience and the differential type of reflection differs. The total sample of the study was 143 respondents. All respondents were divided into 3 groups: 1 group 18-25 years old; 2 group 26-45; 3 group 46-65 years old. Research methods: CYRM-28; Questionnaire "Differential type of reflection" (Leontiev, Lapteva, Osin, Salikhova, 2009); Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire "EMIN" (Lyusin, 2006); Methodology for studying the structure of temperament J. Strelyau (PTS). As a result of the research: 1. There were no significant differences in the severity of individual vitality and systemic reflection between the two groups. The respondents of the older group, in comparison with the younger group, have higher indicators of family, contextual and general vitality and lower indicators of introjection and quasi-reflection; 2. Systemic reflection is a resource of individual vitality in the group of respondents aged 18-25; 3. In both groups, introspection and quasi-reflection are a risk factor for vitality; 4. In different age groups, the nature of the relationship between the components of vitality and the differential type of reflection is different.

scholarly journals Surgery and Financial Toxicity are Risk Factors for Distress in Cancer Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Yu ◽  
Tingting Zuo ◽  
Xue Bi ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Haiyang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Patients with cancer often face some level of distress, regardless of disease stage. Distress in cancer survivors has a negative impact on their quality of life. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for distress, under­stand how treatment associated with distress and reveal the relationship between the psychological and financial distress. Methods: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study of patients with cancer requiring surgery or chemotherapy. Patients completed questionnaires regarding their demographics, disease characteristics, psychological distress, and financial toxicity. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with distress in surgical versus chemotherapy treatment groups.Results: A total of 409 patients participated in the study. Patients treated with surgery (n = 172) were more likely to be female, unemployed, early stage compared with patients undergoing chemotherapy (n = 237). Multivariable analysis revealed that surgical patients tended to have a higher risk of distress compared with patients receiving chemotherapy (OR, 95% CI: 3.086, 1.854–5.137) due to higher rates of nervousness, pain, and difficulty with bathing/dressing, and patients with high financial toxicity had a higher risk of distress compared with those with low financial toxicity (OR, 95% CI: 2.000, 1.278–3.130). The relationship between financial toxicity and psychological distress was stronger in the chemotherapy group, with the correction coefficient -0.294 and slope -1.196. Conclusion: Patients who underwent surgery and reported higher financial toxicity were more likely to experience distress. Multidimensional distress screening and psychosocial interventions should be provided pre- and post-operatively for patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of Drug Trafficking and Insurgency Correlation: Case Study of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi ◽  
Salawati Mat Basir ◽  
Elmira Sobatian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking

<p>ECO member states are among a big producer of opium and heroin in the world and all trafficking routes used for trafficking illicit drugs to the world pass through ECO countries. On the other hand many insurgent groups are actively involved in illicit drug trafficking. ECO’s Main objective is economic development in its region and directly unproductive profit seeking activities such as drug trafficking and insurgency is tight barrier to reach this goal. The aim of this research is to investigate the correlation between drug trafficking and insurgency in ECO region and identify the reasons for this connection to cope with this problem. There are various theories, which attempt to explain the relationship between drug trafficking and insurgency. Generally speaking, it appears that it is not sensible to lump organized crime groups, who conduct drug trafficking, and terrorist groups together in ECO area. Although there are some links between them, they have essential motivational and operational discrepancies.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The psychological distress of parents is associated with reduced linear growth of children: Evidence from a nationwide population survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0246725
Author(s):  
Kun A. Susiloretni ◽  
Emily R. Smith ◽  
Suparmi ◽  
Marsum ◽  
Rina Agustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

Background Stunting, an indicator of restricted linear growth, has become a primary measure of childhood undernutrition due to its persistent high prevalence globally, and importance for health and development. Although the etiology is recognized as complex, most analyses have focused on social and biomedical determinants, with limited attention on psychological factors affecting care and nurturing in the home. We assessed whether the psychological distress of parents is related to child linear growth and stunting, and documented the associated risk factors, and examined the relationship between parental distress and behavioral and other risk factors for stunting. Methods We used data from the Indonesia National Health Survey 2013, including 46,315 children 6–59 months of age. Multivariate linear, logistic, and multilevel multinomial logistic regression, using survey weights, were used to assess the relationship between parental distress, as assessed by the WHO Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20), with height-for-age z score (HAZ), stunting, and behavioral and other risk factors for stunting. Results Maternal, paternal and parental distress (i.e. both maternal and paternal distress) were associated with reduced linear growth of the children by 0.086 (95% CI -0.17, -0.00), 0.11 (95% CI -0.24, -0.02) and 0.19 (95% CI -0.37, -0.00) HAZ-scores, respectively. Maternal and paternal distress increased the risk of mild stunting (HAZ <-1) by 33% (95% CI 1.17,1.50) and 37% (95% CI 1.18,1.60), and the risk of moderate stunting (HAZ <-2) by 25% (95% CI 1.10,1.43) and 28% (95% CI 1.08,1.51]), respectively. Parental stress increased the risk of moderate stunting by 40% (95% CI 1.06,1.85). Amongst specific groups of risk factors, the proportion of HAZ-score lost was associated with socioeconomic factors (30.3%) including, low wealth, low maternal occupational status, low maternal education, rural residence, and low paternal occupational status; physiological factors (15.5%) including low maternal height, low maternal mid-upper arm circumference, being male, low paternal height; behavioral factors (8.9%) including open garbage disposal, paternal smoking, not using iodized salt; and experiencing at least one infectious diseases episode (1.1%). Conclusions Maternal, paternal and parental stress were associated with reduced linear growth of children. These findings highlight the complex etiology of stunting and suggest nutritional and other biomedical interventions are insufficient, and that promotion of mental and behavioral health programs for parents must be pursued as part of a comprehensive strategy to enhance child growth and development, i.e. improved caretaker capacity, integrated community development, improved parenting skills, as well as reduced gender discrimination, and domestic violence.

scholarly journals The relationship between hopelessness and risk factors for early mortality in people with a lived experience of a serious mental illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Karen L. Fortuna ◽  
Maria Venegas ◽  
Cynthia L. Bianco ◽  
Bret Smith ◽  
John A. Batsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals RESILIENCE IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-166
Author(s):  
А.В. Махнач
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье подчеркивается актуальность исследований жизнеспособности человека и семьи в условиях неопределенности. Приводится определение понятий «жизнеспособность человека» как сложного психического образования, «неопределенность» - как значимой, внешней по отношению к субъекту характеристики определенного периода времени, его состояния во временном пространстве. Проанализированы несколько подходов к изучению жизнеспособности человека: социокультурный (экологический) подход: позволяющий рассмотреть факторы риска и факторы жизнеспособности (ресурсы) в рамках четырех контекстов развития человека, а также проследить их взаимовлияние. Другой подход: системно-субъектный подход, благодаря введению категории субъекта, дает возможность обратиться к целостному изучению жизнеспособности человека. Третий подход к изучению жизнеспособности человека - контекстный подход, наиболее часто встречающийся в современных исследованиях жизнеспособности и позволяющий различать внутренний контекст жизнедеятельности семьи посредством изучения их индивидуально-психологических особенностей, знаний, умений, опыта. Проанализированы работы и подходы к изучению неопределенности как предмета исследования в психологии, обсуждена взаимосвязь понятий неопределенность и жизнеспособность человека. Делается вывод о необходимости разведения этих понятий и их дальнейшей оперционализации. The article emphasizes the relevance of studies of individual and family resilience in conditions of uncertainty. The definition of the concepts of "human resilience" as a complex mental formation, "uncertainty" - as significant, external in relation to the subject characteristics of a certain period of time, his state in time frame. Several approaches to the study of human resilience are analyzed: sociocultural (ecological) approach: allowing to consider risk factors and protective factors (resources) within the four contexts of human development, as well as to trace their mutual influence. Another approach: the system-subjective approach, due to the presence “the subject” as a category, makes it possible to turn to a holistic study of individual resilience, psychological characteristics, knowledge, skills, experience. The works and approaches to the study of uncertainty as a subject of research in psychology are analyzed, the relationship between the concepts of uncertainty and resilience is discussed. It is concluded that it is necessary to separate these concepts and their further operationalization.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

Interpersonal Stress and Poor Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette M. Aanes ◽  
Maurice B. Mittelmark ◽  
Jørn Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigated whether the lack of social connectedness, as measured by the subjective feeling of loneliness, mediates the well-known relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. Furthermore, a relationship between interpersonal stress and somatic symptoms was hypothesized. The study sample included 3,268 women and 3,220 men in Western Norway. The main findings were that interpersonal stress was significantly related to psychological distress as well as to somatic symptoms, both directly and indirectly via paths mediated by loneliness. The size of the indirect effects varied, suggesting that the importance of loneliness as a possible mediator differs for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatic symptoms. In the case of depressive symptoms, more than 75% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness, while in the case of somatic symptoms just over 40% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness. This study supports the hypotheses that social connectedness mediates a relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. The study also provides the first link between interpersonal stress, as measured by the Bergen Social Relationships Scale, and somatic symptoms, extending earlier research on the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress.

Exploring the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Abuse Potential

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra L. Rovers ◽  
John J. Van Epps ◽  
Esra B. Akturk ◽  
Elizabeth A. Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Abuse Potential ◽  
The Relationship
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