scholarly journals Cognition enhancing abilities of vitamin D, epalrestat and their combination in diabetic rats with and without scopolamine induced amnesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsha D. Kulkarni ◽  
Meena Kumari Kamalkishore ◽  
Amberkar Mohanbabu Vittalrao ◽  
Praveen Kumar Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractPersistent hyperglycaemia and scopolamine were used to inflict amnesia in rats. Chronic hyperglycaemia causes metabolic impairment, neuronal dysfunction and oxidative stress causing cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine anti amnesic activities of vitamin D, epalrestat and their combination against diabetes and scopolamine induced cognitive dysfunction. A total of eighty-eight Wistar albino rats, eleven groups, and 8 rats/Gr., were used. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in all groups, except Gr.1 which was treated with 2 ml normal saline. Gr. 2 to 11 by feeding high fat diet for 28 days followed by single dose streptozotocin 35 mg/kg i.p. Hyperglycemic rats were screened with blood sugar level > 200 mg/dL. Gr. 2 rats were treated with only streptozotocin and Gr. 3 to 6 were treated with streptozotocin and test drugs donepezil 1 mg/kg, vitamin D, 27 mcg/kg, epalrestat 57 mg/kg, vitamin D + epalrestat, per oral, respectively. Gr. 7 rats were treated with only streptozotocin + scopolamine and all others from Gr. 8 to 11 were treated with streptozotocin + scopolamine and donepezil, vitamin D, epalrestat, vitamin D + epalrestat respectively. The gold standard behavioural tests were conducted by using Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigms after 30–60 min of inj. scopolamine, 0.5 mg/kg, intra-peritoneal. Hippocampal tissue was taken for histopathological and biochemical evaluation. Rats treated with donepezil, vitamin D, epalrestat and vitamin D + epalrestat showed significant improvement in behavioural, biochemical and histopathological parameters as compared to streptozotocin and (streptozotocin + scopolamine) treated rats. This study underscores cognition enhancing abilities of vitamin D and epalrestat, and their combination in diabetic rats with and without scopolamine.

scholarly journals An immunohistochemical and biochemical evidences of pancreatic β-cell regeneration in type 2 diabetic rats after treated with Aegle marmelos leaf extract and Aegeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 868-876
Author(s):  
Gopalan DH ◽  
Vani M ◽  
Manikandan S ◽  
Vijayakumar V
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The study aims to investigate the Immunohistochemical changes in pancreatic beta cells in fructose fed, streptozocin (STZ) induced Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) rats treated with various doses of leaf extract of Aegle marmelos (AAM) and Aegeline (AG). 42 adult male wistar albino rats were separated into 7 groups, including Vehicle Control (VC); T2DM; T2DM + AAM 250 mg/kg; T2DM + AAM 500 mg/kg; T2DM + AG 20mg/kg; T2DM + AG 50 mg/kg and T2DM + AG 100 mg/kg. Experimental T2DM was created by a single dose of 40 mg/kg STZ injection intra-peritoneally along with 10% of fructose solution given orally for 30 days. Calculated dosages of AAM and AG were given with oral gavage for 30 days. Pancreas was harvested and processed. Slides were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Insulin expressing beta-cells was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Fructose fed, STZ induced rats showed degenerative expressions in beta-cells. In STZ treated rats, AG reduced the blood glucose concentration and serum insulin levels at the maximum functional dose compared to AAM. The immunohistochemical information suggests that the AG at 100 mg/kg dose has the capability of making the dormant cells to reproduce to restore the lost cells of islets of Langerhans.

scholarly journals The acute effects of different spironolactone doses on cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Stefan Simovic ◽  
Petar Ristic ◽  
Tamara Nikolic ◽  
Isidora Stojic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, while diabetes mellitus remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity. A recent study showed that patients with diabetes mellitus treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have improved coronary microvascular function, leading to improved diastolic dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the influence of acute administration of spironolactone on myocardial function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, with special emphasis on cardiodynamic parameters in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 animals per group): healthy rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, diabetic rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, healthy rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone, and diabetic rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone. Different, dose-dependent, acute responses of spironolactone treatment on isolated, working diabetic and healthy rat heart were observed in our study. In healthy rats, better systolic function was achieved with higher spironolactone dose, while in diabetic rats, similar effects of low and high spironolactone dose were observed.

scholarly journals The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Józef Drzewoski ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The University ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.

scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic and Biochemical Activities of Mcy Protein in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saritha Marella ◽  
Dilip Rajasekhar Maddirela ◽  
Kameswara Rao Badri ◽  
Malaka Venkateshwarulu Jyothi Kumar ◽  
Apparao Chippada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of a novel anti-hyperglycemic “Mcy protein” isolated from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria in streptozotocin induced- diabetes rat model. Materials and Methods: Wild type and Streptozotocin induced diabetic male wistar albino rats were either treated with single intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg Mcy protein/kg body weight or acetate buffer daily for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose and, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with biochemical analysis for hepatic and renal function tests. Results: Mcy protein significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose and, serum as well as tissue lipid levels (p<0.05), besides normalizing the levels of liver and kidney function markers in the treated diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic controls. Our studies also showed the pancreatic islet regeneration in Mcy treated rats. Conclusion: Mcy protein can alleviate hyperlipidemia and help manage diabetes by stimulating insulin secretion without evident toxic effects on liver and kidney.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on vascular functions and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients with Vitamin D deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhiya Selvarajan ◽  
Nishanthi Anandabaskar ◽  
StevenAibor Dkhar ◽  
SadishKumar Kamalanathan ◽  
Kadhiravan Tamilarasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Effect of resveratrol on diabetic neuropathy in wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Smita Das ◽  
Jayanti Prava Behera ◽  
Y. Rojaramani ◽  
Rashmi Ranjan Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia are major risk factor for its complication like neuropathy. Since there is no definite treatment for diabetic neuropathy, this study aims to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on diabetic neuropathy in high fat diet with low dose streptozotocin induced type-2 DM model in wistar albino rats.Methods: First type 2 diabetic rat model was established. Wistar albino rats, fed with high-fat diet (HFD) rendered diabetic with streptozotocin, were divided into 6 groups, disease control (DC) treated with vehicle, standard control (SC) which received metformin, test groups treated with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.w. of resveratrol and combination of half dose of metformin and resveratrol (10 mg/kg) (TC). A group of six normal animals served as normal control (NC), another six as HFD control. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile were measured one week after induction of diabetes. The animals were then treated orally for 2 weeks after which the same parameters were repeated. Behavioral biomarkers for neuropathy are measured in 4 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment. The in-vivo results were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test for biochemical parameters and Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dun’s multiple comparison test for behavioral biomarkers.Results: Increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), deranged lipid profile, increased neuropathy in DC compared to NC, HFD control while a significant decrease in FBG, improved pain behavior with SC, test groups (p<0.05) as compared to the DC group.Conclusions: Resveratrol prevents diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Milena M. Cojic ◽  
Aleksandra Klisic ◽  
Radivoj Kocic ◽  
Andrej Veljkovic ◽  
Gordana Kocic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are suffering from vitamin D deficiency and increased oxidative stress to a variable extent, which could produce different health impacts for each individual. The novel multivariate statistical method applied in the present study allows metabolic phenotyping of T2DM individuals based on vitamin D status, metabolic control, and oxidative stress status in order to identify effectively different subtypes in our type 2 DM study population. Data-driven statistical cluster analysis was performed with 95 patients with T2DM, treated with metformin. Clusters were based on 12 variables—age, disease duration, vitamin D level, insulin, fasting glycemia (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density and low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and triglycerides/glucose index (TYG). The analysis revealed four unique clusters which differed significantly in terms of vitamin D status, with a mean 25 (OH) D level in cluster 1 ( 57.84 ± 11.46  nmol/L) and cluster 4 ( 53.78 ± 22.36  nmol/L), falling within the insufficiency range. Cluster 2 had the highest mean level of 25 (OH) D ( 84.55 ± 22.66  nmol/L), indicative of vitamin D sufficiency. Cluster 3 had a mean vitamin D level below 50 nmol/L ( 49.27 ± 16.95 ), which is considered deficient. Patients in the vitamin D sufficient cluster had a significantly better glycemic and metabolic control as well as a lower level of lipid peroxidation compared to other clusters. The patients from the vitamin D sufficient cluster also had a significantly higher level of vitamin D/MPO, vitamin D/XO, vitamin D/MDA, vitamin D/CAT, and vitamin D/TRC than that in the vitamin deficient and insufficient clusters. The vitamin D deficient cluster included significantly younger patients and had a significantly lower level of AOPP/TRC and albumin/TRC than the vitamin D sufficient cluster. The evidence from our cluster analysis in the context of separated T2DM demonstrates beneficial effects of optimal vitamin D status on metabolic control and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients require higher vitamin D levels in order to achieve good metabolic control and favorable antioxidant protection. Since protein damage is more pronounced in these patients, adding water-soluble antioxidant in addition to higher doses of vitamin D should be considered.

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