scholarly journals Two Sides of the Same Coin or Two Different Currencies? Representations of Happiness and Unhappiness among Finnish Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer De Paola ◽  
Wolfgang Wagner ◽  
Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman ◽  
Josetta Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Questionnaire Item ◽  
Women's Associations ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Everyday Problems ◽  
Two Sides

Abstract This paper presents results from a study exploring representations of “happiness” and “unhappiness.” Word associations with these concepts were produced by 16–18 and 29–34-year-old women from Finland, the country that the United Nation’s World Happiness Report has ranked the “happiest” in the world. Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis show that participants in both age groups share three clusters of words associated with “happiness”: Tangible happiness, Affective happiness and Serene happiness. We noted more differences in the associations with “unhappiness,” for which the two groups share only two clusters: Loss and Everyday problems. A distinct third cluster, Affective unhappiness, emerged for the younger women, whereas older women’s associations are further differentiated into a more complex structure, including two more clusters: Dejection and Apprehension. Additionally, CA shows that in both age groups, self-reported happiness levels do not discriminate which words are associated with happiness and unhappiness. Finally, qualitative content analysis of a questionnaire item investigating how to reach complete happiness suggested that there are three recurring answer types: happiness can be improved through external changes, internal changes, or not at all because complete/permanent happiness does not exist. The study provides a methodological design which, unlike most happiness studies, allows participants the freedom to bring up the meaning of happiness and unhappiness. Thus, the study constitutes a contribution to a more nuanced understanding of happiness.

scholarly journals Older Adults and Technology Use: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
Hyung Wook Choi ◽  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili ◽  
Mat Kelly ◽  
Alexander Poole ◽  
Erjia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Researchers are increasingly interested in leveraging technology to support the physical and mental well-being of older adults. We systematically reviewed previous scholars’ criteria for sampling older adult populations, focusing on age cohorts (namely adults over 65) and their use of internet and smart technologies. We iteratively developed keyword combinations that represent older adults and technology from the retrieved literature. Between 2011 and 2020, 70 systematic reviews were identified, 26 of which met our inclusion criteria for full review. Most important, not one of the 26 papers used a sample population classification more fine-grained than “65 and older.” A knowledge gap thus exists; researchers lack a nuanced understanding of differences within this extraordinarily broad age-range. Demographics that we propose to analyze empirically include not only finer measures of age (e.g., 65-70 or 71-75, as opposed to “65 and older”), but also those age groups’ attitudes toward and capacity for technology use.

Geography of Female Suicide

2019 ◽  
pp. 1340-1374
Author(s):  
Semra Günay
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Commit Suicide

Suicide is a complex structure and also affects the families whose members commit suicide, health care professionals and society. Suicide is accepted as a form of death of external causes. It can be predicted and majority of suicides can be prevented. Suicide shows a big amount of differences depending on time, region, age level, gender and race. In order to understand and prevent suicide, several geographical, medical, psychosocial, cultural and socioeconomic factors have been studied. A tiny disorder in one of these factors may cause a significant change that results in severe outcomes. In preventing suicide, it is important to determine the subgroups that have high risk. Strategies to prevent suicide can be developed through searching and understanding the suicide geography. In this study, the spatial pattern of female suicide is examined with suicide maps. With suicide maps, it is aimed to clarify the spatial alteration of the deaths caused by female suicide, to help in focusing on female suicide, to increase the awareness of the specific regions and groups that have a high risk and to guide those who are dealing with decreasing the death ratios, public health experts and decision makers. In Turkey, according to the suicide rate averages of ten years (2002-2011), mostly the young age groups are at risk among women. The ratio of suicides caused by family incompatibility, educational failure and emotional relationship and not forced marriage is higher in females than in males. Turkey is a northern hemisphere country and features subtropical climate types, where females mostly commit suicide in summer and spring seasons. It is observed that there is no peak period in female suicide in Turkey. When the distribution of suicide based death ratios are examined, it is seen that the highest ratios are in the eastern and western parts of Turkey. It is seen that suicide occurs in the provinces with low socioeconomic status as well as the provinces with high socioeconomic status and in provinces with both a large population and a small population. And also it is determined that for those provinces, detailed studies should immediately be started. It is seen that the ratio of female suicide is getting higher and approaching to the ratio of male suicide from western parts to eastern parts of Turkey. Between these years, 75% of the suicides were committed by means of violent methods and 25% of them were committed by means of nonviolent methods. The provinces where the ratio of using violent suicide methods is higher than the standard deviation are located in the eastern part of the country. It is noteworthy that the ratio of female suicide victims who are single is close to the ratio of those who are married. The suicide ratio of married women is decreasing from west to east.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Profiles of Health Among Women of Different Generations: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Jodie C. Avery ◽  
Lisa J. Moran ◽  
Vivienne Moore ◽  
Renae C. Fernandez ◽  
Melissa Whitrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women

Objective: Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a lifelong disorder, very little is understood about the diagnosis and impact of this condition in women outside of the peak reproductive years. We examined the frequency of diagnosed PCOS and concurrent health conditions in women across the lifespan. Methods: Data were analysed from 1509 women aged 15–95 years participating in a cross-sectional, face-to-face population survey in South Australia, 2015. We assessed the prevalence of PCOS in 10-year age groups and the frequency of comorbidities in women with and without PCOS subgrouped by age (< 45, [Formula: see text] 45 years). The main outcome measures were Diagnosed PCOS and other chronic conditions; lifestyle factors. Logistic regression analyses determined the risk of comorbidities in women with PCOS adjusting for age and BMI. Results: Overall prevalence of PCOS was 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.9%), peaking in the 35–44 year age group (9.1%), and lowest in those aged 15–24 (4.1%) or [Formula: see text] 65 (3.7%) years. Women with PCOS and aged <45 years were more likely to report diabetes (16.7% vs. 3.8%), cardiovascular disease (15.5% vs. 7.2%) and arthritis (15.5% vs. 7.2%) than their peers; these differences were diminished in the [Formula: see text] 45 year age group. The odds of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were more than doubled among women with PCOS (adjOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49–4.31; adjOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.68). Conclusion: PCOS is underdiagnosed in young and post-menopausal women. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key comorbidities requiring greater attention in younger women with PCOS.

scholarly journals All in this together? Austerity and the gender-age gap in the 2015 and 2017 British general elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sanders ◽  
Rosalind Shorrocks
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact

The 2010–2015 Conservative-led Coalition’s austerity policies hit women financially harder than men. However, contrary to expectations at the time, the Conservatives still gained more support from women than men on average in the 2015 general election. We examine the impact of austerity on vote choice in the 2015 and 2017 general elections through analysis of Labour and Conservative economic policy in conjunction with data from the British Election Study’s face-to-face post-election surveys. The expectation that women should be particularly anti-austerity and thus less supportive of the Conservative Party does hold for younger women, who were especially pessimistic relative to their male peers and older age groups about their living costs, household finances, the economy, and the National Health Service in both elections. However, this does not hold for older women, who were protected by the Coalition’s policies on pensions and were more similar to men in their assessment of their economic situation.

scholarly journals Can traditional games be an option in increasing the physical activity of women following mastectomy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bronikowska ◽  
Michał Bronikowski ◽  
Agata Glapa ◽  
Bartosz Prabucki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Ring Net

SummaryStudy aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86).Material and methods: PA was assessed using a questionnaire, and the number of steps taking during 30-minute periods was measured using pedometers during each of the games. Exertion was evaluated using Borg’s Scale.Results: there was no difference in levels of coherence between the age groups. The group of younger women were statistically more active (M = 3.34 days/week) than the older group (M = 2.77 days/week). All the games were evaluated to be of light intensity, with ringo perceived as being statistically more fatiguing in the over 50 age group. The highest number of steps was performed during the game of ring-net-ball (M = 1903 steps/30 min) in both age groups, with older women performing statistically more steps. Similar situations were observed in the cases of pétanque and speedminton. In ringo, the situation was reversed. The lowest number of steps was recorded in pétanque in the younger age group (M = 296 steps/30 min).Conclusion: this study indicates that in the rehabilitation and recovery process after mastectomy, traditional games could be a bridging link between exercising and sports as they provide not just activity but also a unique and valuable social context.

Hearing Loss- and Hearing Aid-Related Stigma

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan F. Erler ◽  
Dean C. Garstecki
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Women’S Perceptions

Impaired hearing and the use of hearing aids are often perceived negatively. Many adults deny hearing loss and reject amplification, in part due to such stigma. Women and men differ in how they age and adjust to impaired hearing, yet little is known specifically about women’s perceptions of stigma related to hearing loss and hearing aid use. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of stigma associated with hearing loss and hearing aid use among women in three age groups (35–45 years, 55–65 years, and 75–85 years). Participants were 191 women with hearing within normal limits based on age-related norms. Using pairs of descriptors (i.e., semantic differentials), participants completed statements related to hearing loss and hearing aid use. Results suggest that negative perceptions associated with hearing loss and hearing aid use are affected by age. Younger women perceive greater stigma than older women. Less stigma is associated with hearing aid use than hearing loss, suggesting a positive effect of hearing loss management. Implications for clinical practice and marketing of hearing instruments are discussed.

Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Methods Use in Piple, Chitwan of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Rajani Shah ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Malla
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Living Children

 Background: Family planning contributes in preventing maternal and child mortality and empowers women. For the past ten years contraceptive prevalence rate has remained stagnant in Nepal. This study aimed at iden­tifying the use and factors associated with modern contraceptive methods in Piple, Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Piple village development com­mittee was selected purposively, in which two wards were randomly se­lected. Married women of reproductive age (n=332) of each household were interviewed. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: About half (49%) of the respondents had used a modern contra­ceptive method. Women in the age groups 25-39 years [aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16 - 4.92] and 40-49 years [aOR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.71 - 12.70] were more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the women in the age group 15-24 years. Similarly, women having 3 or more living children [aOR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.19 - 7.50] were more likely to use the modern contracep­tives than women with upto two children. Women whose husbands would approve of using the contraceptives [aOR: 11.33; 95% CI: 3.93-32.62] were more likely to use the methods than those who got or perceived no ap­proval from husband. Conclusions: Information and service on modern contraceptive methods should be focused to younger women. Involvement of husbands in family planning program would contribute to use of modern contraceptives by women.

scholarly journals Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking—Obesity Hypothesis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2702
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Iatridi ◽  
Rhiannon M. Armitage ◽  
Martin R. Yeomans ◽  
John E. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obesogenic Environment ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
The Uk

Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body composition. Healthy adults aged 18–34 years from the UK (n = 148) and the US (n = 126) completed laboratory-based sensory tests (sucrose taste tests) and anthropometric measures (body mass index; BMI, body fat; fat-free mass; FFM, waist/hips circumferences). Habitual beverage intake and lifestyle and behavioural characteristics were also assessed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified participants into three phenotypes: sweet liker (SL), sweet disliker (SD), and inverted-U (liking for moderate sweetness). Being a SD was linked to higher body fat among those younger than 21 years old, while in the older group, SLs had the highest BMI and FFM; age groups reflected different levels of exposure to the obesogenic environment. FFM emerged as a better predictor of sweet-liking than BMI and body fat. In the older group, sweetened beverage intake partially explained the phenotype–anthropometry associations. Collectively, our findings implicate underlying energy needs as an explanation for the variation in sweet-liking; the moderating roles of age and obesogenic environment require additional consideration.

scholarly journals Attracting, recruiting and retaining nurses and care workers working in care homes: the need for a nuanced understanding informed by evidence and theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Devi ◽  
Claire Goodman ◽  
Sonia Dalkin ◽  
Angela Bate ◽  
Judy Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Home ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Supportive Management ◽  
Training Opportunities

Abstract The care home sector relies on nurses and care workers to deliver care to residents living with frailty and complex needs. However, attracting, recruiting and retaining staff is one of the biggest challenges facing this sector. There is evidence available that describes factors that influence staff decisions to join and/or remain in the care home workforce, for example, individual rewards (such as feeling valued at work or training opportunities), relationships with colleagues and residents, supportive management or working arrangements (including flexible hours). However, it is less clear how different strategies are informed by evidence to improve recruitment and retention. Care homes are heterogeneous in terms of their size, staffing levels and mix, staff age groups, geographical location and working conditions. What matters to different members of the care home workforce will vary across nurses and care workers of different ages and levels of qualification or experience. Recognising this diversity is key: understanding how to attract, recruit and retain staff needs to discriminate and offer solutions that address this diversity. This important area of practice does not lend itself to a ‘one-approach-fits-all’ solution. This commentary provides a brief overview of known workforce challenges for the care home sector and argues for studies that use empirical evidence to test different theories of what might work for different staff, how and why, and in different circumstances.

Health in hostels: a survey of hostel dwelling women

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah V. L. Marriott ◽  
Richard H. Harvey ◽  
Deirdre Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social History ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Dependent Variables

Direct access residents in an inner London homeless women's hostel were interviewed and asked to provide information on medical, personal and social history. For each a DSM–III–R diagnosis, General Health Questionnaire, CAGE and Global Assessment Scale score was assigned, and their views on future housing were sought. The effect of severe mental illness (SMI) and age on dependent variables was examined. A third of the sample (n=14) suffered from SMI, and a further quarter from other mental illness (n=10). A quarter had a DSM–III–R substance misuse disorder. The prevalence of SMI was similar across age groups. Younger women had a different pattern of service needs, with greater levels of psychological distress, substance misuse and residential instability, than older residents.

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