scholarly journals Prediction of petroleum exploration risk and subterranean spatial distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbing Xie ◽  
Qiulin Guo ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Jianzhong Li ◽  
Na Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Exploration Risk

Petroleum Exploration Risk in Prospect Portfolio Selection

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-65
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Portfolio Selection ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Efficient Frontier ◽  
Sharpe Ratio ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Portfolio Optimisation ◽  
Exploration Risk ◽  
Return Variance

Presented method is applied to petroleum exploration for prospect portfolio selection to achieve investment objectives controlling risk. DMAIC framework applies stochastic techniques to risk management. Optimisation resolves Efficient Frontier of portfolios for desired range of expected return with initially defined increment. Simulation measures Efficient Frontier portfolios calculating mean return, variance, standard deviation, Sharpe Ratio, and Six Sigma metrics versus pre-specified target limits. Analysis considers mean return, Six Sigma metrics and Sharpe Ratio and selects the portfolio with maximal Sharpe Ratio as initially the best portfolio. Optimisation resolves Efficient Frontier in a narrow interval with smaller increments. Simulation measures Efficient Frontier performance including mean return, variance, standard deviation, Sharpe Ratio, and Six Sigma metrics versus pre-specified target. Analysis identifies the maximal Sharpe Ratio portfolio, i.e. the best portfolio for implementation. Selected prospects in the portfolio are individual projects. So, Project Management approach is used for control.

Public geoscience to reduce exploration risk: new methods to characterize the basement beneath geological cover and to address community engagement in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region of British Columbia1This article introduces a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia. James Haggart is the Special Issue guest editor.2Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100476.

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Haggart ◽  
Josephine M. Harris ◽  
Christine A. Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Exploration Risk ◽  
Exploration Activity

Mineral and petroleum exploration in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region of British Columbia is hampered by widespread and extensive cover of Pleistocene glacial deposits and Tertiary volcanic successions. Seeing through this geological cover is critical to reducing exploration risk and enhancing exploration activity. Also critical to exploration is effective community engagement, hopefully resulting in endorsement and support for exploration initiatives. The forests in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region have been extensively destroyed by an infestation of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae , disrupting established communities and greatly affecting economic activity in the region. Governments of all levels recognized that geological exploration activity could provide a ready and appreciable stimulus to economic activity, but only if local communities endorsed such programs. Relatively little oil and gas exploration and research has taken place in the region, and its effects have been poorly understood locally. Consequently, an extended effort was undertaken to establish an integrated geoscience program for the Cariboo-Chilcotin region, focused on mineral and petroleum exploration-related research and coupled with engagement with local communities to inform them of exploration benefits and risks. This Introduction to the “Mountain Pine Beetle” Special Issue of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences provides a brief overview of the scientific papers included in the issue and also a review of the community engagement process that was undertaken to establish working relationships with First Nations and other communities in the region.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

Ultrastructural analysis of the spatial distribution of MRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Gary Bassell ◽  
Robert H. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Gold Particles

We have been investigating the spatial distribution of nucleic acids intracellularly using in situ hybridization. The use of non-isotopic nucleotide analogs incorporated into the DNA probe allows the detection of the probe at its site of hybridization within the cell. This approach therefore is compatible with the high resolution available by electron microscopy. Biotinated or digoxigenated probe can be detected by antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold. Because mRNA serves as a template for the probe fragments, the colloidal gold particles are detected as arrays which allow it to be unequivocally distinguished from background.

Membrane microdomains: lessons from microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
J.M. Robinson ◽  
J.M Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Lateral Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Importance

Specialized regions of plasma membranes displaying lateral heterogeneity are the focus of this Symposium. Specialized membrane domains are known for certain cell types such as differentiated epithelial cells where lateral heterogeneity in lipids and proteins exists between the apical and basolateral portions of the plasma membrane. Lateral heterogeneity and the presence of microdomains in membranes that are uniform in appearance have been more difficult to establish. Nonetheless a number of studies have provided evidence for membrane microdomains and indicated a functional importance for these structures.This symposium will focus on the use of various imaging modalities and related approaches to define membrane microdomains in a number of cell types. The importance of existing as well as emerging imaging technologies for use in the elucidation of membrane microdomains will be highlighted. The organization of membrane microdomains in terms of dimensions and spatial distribution is of considerable interest and will be addressed in this Symposium.

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

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