scholarly journals Was pike on the menu? Exploring the role of freshwater fish in medieval England

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maccarinelli

AbstractHistorical sources report that some species of freshwater fish were considered luxury food items in England during the Middle Ages. The high retail price associated with species such as pike, salmon and sturgeon, as well as restrictions of fishing rights on rivers, estuaries and natural and artificial ponds, proves their exclusivity and role as symbols of social privilege. In this work, the zooarchaeological evidence from 11 English sites dated between the 11th and the 15th c. AD is discussed. This paper explores the differences between the ranges of freshwater species recovered from different site types, by looking at specific features that could define these fishes as luxury items: in particular, species selection and fish size are investigated as potentially meaningful variables. The size of fish will be used as an indicator of status and interpreted in view of the increasing phenomenon of fishing from artificial fishponds.

Author(s):  
Oleg Mukhin

Рассматривается методический потенциал использования визуальных материалов в процессе изучения истории студентами вуза на основе авторского опыта преподавания истории Средних веков. Предлагается типология визуальных материалов, в рамках которой выявляются особенности привлечения различных типов визуальных материалов в свете целей и результатов их использования. Характеризуются плюсы привлечения визуальных материалов, а также ставится вопрос о необходимости методического обоснования его объема в рамках конкретного занятия. Обосновывается особая роль визуальных материалов в работе со студентами исторических факультетов педагогических вузов.The article deals with the problem of the methodological potential of using visual materials in the process of studying history by university students. Reasoning based on the author’s experience in teaching the history of the Middle Ages. Suggests a typology of visual materials, including “synchronous” historical sources (images, created during the study period or depicting monuments of a given period), “asynchronous” historical sources (visual materials, created within the framework of the studied historical epoch, but much later than the events or characters, depicted with their help), reconstruction (images, created for cognitive purposes and reproducing the features of historical reality in accordance with existing scientific knowledge) and “memorials” (monuments (and their images), dedicated to historical figures and events of the studied era, created outside it). The features of attracting these types of visual materials in the light of the goals and results of their use are revealed. The equivalence of the indicated types of visual materials in terms of the methodological effectiveness of their application is emphasized. The advantages of attracting visual materials are characterized, as well as the question is asked of the need for a methodical justification of its volume within a specific lesson. he article substantiated the special role of visual materials in work with students of historical faculties of pedagogical universities.


Atlanti ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Izet Šabotić

This paper discusses the importance of archival material and especially its publication for historical research. In fact, starting from the Middle Ages through to the modern age, historical research and historical achievements of science to a large extent depended on the archive material (written historical sources). Historical sources can be provided through archival fonds and collections, or through the publication of archival material in the conference documents. The process of provision of historical sources is long and complex, involves a wide range of professional, organizational and technical actions and procedures, since the creation of archives to the placing of the same in the user purposes. An important basis for historical research make published archive documents, including certain technical and material basis. In the archives in Bosnia and Herzegovina this important issue has always been given attention in accordance with human and material capacities of the same, which were mostly very poor. A little more attention paid to this area of work is in the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in regional archives in Tuzla, Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Mostar, which resulted in the publication of several dozen collections of documents. Publishing of archival documents (historical sources) created the important research and scientific base, which has resulted in a significant historical synthesis relating to important issues and topics from the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
Božidar Zarković

The role of the noble families in Medieval Serbia, as in other states of that time, was of great importance-their social status affected the character and the success of the statehood. They represented social elite, which influenced the development of various processes, one of them being migration. The migration process could be voluntary or involuntary, but it shadowed inner colonisation as well as the conquest of new territories. It determined the establishment of the governing structures in the newly acquired territories, as well as their integration into the state. Bearing in mind that many wars were waged during the Middle Ages-hence the constant redrawing of the borders-it is not surprising that migration was an ongoing process of various intensity and direction. Both the dependent population and the nobles took part in the process. However, following the migration flow of the noble families through history is much easier. The great expansion of the Serbian territory started during the reign of King Milutin and ended with the death of the Tsar Dušan (1282-1355), whose reign was especially marked by great conquests and extensive migrations. Though conquests are mainly attributed to rulers, the noble families often initiated them. This is confirmed in the historical sources and the research literature, which cites the growing dissatisfaction of the nobles and their desire for further conquest as the main reasons for the change in the Serbian throne after the great victory at Velbazhd in 1330. Such views are further substantiated by the early years of the reign of Stefan Dušan when significant territories in Macedonia were annexed. According to several sources, the main driver of change was the number of noble families close and directly subordinate to the young king. It is well known that Dušan inherited the governance of Zeta and western Serbia from his father in 1322. He managed those territories during the whole reign of Stefan Uroš III (Stefan of Dečani). The previous contention that the nobles drove the change in the throne is also validated by the relocation of the noble families to the newly annexed regions. A certain number of high born families originated from the western Serbian areas which is proved by the primary historical sources, while other families are loosely associated to the area by stories and legends. Neither is simple to confirm. Some of those nobles from the western Serbia are: the Braković familiy, the Mrnjavčević family, the Great Duke Nikola Stanjević, Ostoja Rajaković Ugarčić, Radoslav Hlapen, Nikola Bagaš, Andrija Gropa, Lord Žarko, and most probably Caesar Preljub, among others. They all received inheritance and governance of various territories as a reward for their loyalty and accomplishments, which can be traced back through their titles. Namely, military titles indicate that the person gained their status owning to their warrior abilities.


Author(s):  
Михайло Тупиця

Стаття розповідає про впровадження традиційного польського права на території Галицької Русі. Розглядається історіографія проблеми і джерела, які вже були опубліковані, але не залучалися до такого роду досліджень. Автор стверджує, що правові традиції Середньовіччя в Центрально-Східній Європі змогли об’єднати правові культури двох цивілізацій – католицької західної і православної східної. Злиття руської та польської правових культур розглядається на прикладі історії юридичої установи – ґродського уряду. Ґродський уряд обраний автором для того, щоб подивитися, яким чином протікав процес впровадження польських правових інститутів на території Сяноцької землі Руського воєводства. Щоб відслідкувати процес інтеграції правової системи Сяноцької землі проаналізовані джерела та знайдені перші згадки про посади, які до того часу не були властиві тутешнім юридичним практикам. Причини, хід та наслідки інтеграції Сяноцької землі представлені роздумами про роль місцевої та прийшлої аристократії (шляхти). Ключові слова: Сяноцька земля, Сяноцький замок, Сяноцьке самоврядуваня Галичина, Польське королівство. The article tells about the acquisition of traditional Polish law in the territory of Galicia. The historiography of the problem and sources that have already been published, but not involved in this kind of research, are considered. The legal traditions of the Middle Ages in Central-Eastern Europe thus were able in some way to unite the rights of the two civilizations – the Catholic West and the Eastern Orthodox. The merging of the Rus and Polish legal cultures are examined on the example of the history of institutions, and in this case, the main attention was drawn to the castle court. The castle court was chosen to see how the process of introducing Polish legal institutions to the territory of the Sanok Land of the Rus province was proceeding. In order to track down the process of integrating the legal system of the Sanok Land, we analyze the sources and look for the first mentions of those or other offices that were not inherent in the local law before. The reasons for the course and consequences of the integration of the Sanok Land are represented by thinking about the role of the local and alien aristocracy. Understanding the integration process is facilitated by the proposed periodization of historical sources of research. For its establishment, the principle of the availability of the sources and the specificity of their separation after the administrative reform of 1434 is taken. At the same time, the general picture of the composition of the Sanok castle court is presented before and after the reform. The territory of jurisdiction and the scope of authority of this institution are also presented in this article. At the same time, it must be said that often in medieval practices there was a significant personal factor that was associated with the economic and political influence of a particular official. Key-words: Sanok Land, Sanok Castle, Sanok Government, Galicia, Polish Kingdom.


Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.


2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Galina V. Talina

The article analyzes V.V. Rozanov’s conceptions of antiquity, Middle Ages and new history. Rozanov singles out three periods of Russian history – Kiev, Vladimir-Moscow and Petersburg ones. The essence of each of those periods the philosopher consecutively correlates with adoption of Christianity, political organization formation and the beginning of individual creative work dominance. While interpreting his contemporary events as a public person and a journalist, Rozanov regards earlier epochs from the position of a myth-creator. The diverse historical process gives way to the literary and static image of the epoch. The author of the article pays special attention to how Rozanov characterizes historical personalities, to his views on the role of religion, state, bureaucracy and parliamentarism.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019/2 ◽  
pp. 5-39
Author(s):  
Darius Baronas

ANNOTATION. This article is the first attempt of the biographic research of Grand Duchess Uliana Algirdienė of Lithuania (d. 17/03/1392), based on the critical analysis of primary sources. It is also aimed at pointing out the reflection of the role of women in the pagan Lithuanian society. The research was carried out by means of the analytical and comparative method of historical source analysis with a view to separate as distinctly as possible the information derived from contemporary sources from the images imposed by later historiographic tradition. The article questions the stereotypes related to Uliana’s great political power in Lithuania’s political life that are well-established in modern historiography and present-day cultural memory. With this an attempt is made to draw attention to the problematic nature of information derived from historical sources as well as to more distinctly define the frames imposed by the political culture of pagan Lithuania which clearly marked the boundaries for the political activities of women representing the ruling dynasty. This article for the most part dwells on the issues related to the coverage of Algirdas and Uliana’s marriage and the period of their married life up to Algirdas’ death in 1377. KEYWORDS: Uliana, Algirdas, Simeon, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Moscow, Tver, Rus’, women


Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Christoph Galle

<?page nr="201"?>Abstract The question about the role of women within medieval societies associatively makes one think of witches who allegedly were up to mischief by using poison or all kinds of magic to inflict maliciously harm on other people. But this impression results too much from an uncritical reception of such propagandistic conceptions that arose from the later medieval and early modern witch-hunt ideology. This cliché of medieval witches neither does justice to the general situation nor can it be transferred to the entire Middle Ages, as a representative view into the Carolingian empire of the eighth and ninth centuries shows.


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