Population ageing and low fertility: recent demographic changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Pobric ◽  
Guy M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Changes

scholarly journals Hidden geographies of population implosion in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Haris GEKIC ◽  
◽  
Aida BIDZAN-GEKIC ◽  
Ranko MIRIC ◽  
Peter REMENYI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Natural Change

Bosnia and Herzegovina has witnessed continuous depopulation since 1991. Depopulation was foreseen even without the emergence of war, but not nearly to that extent or that early. Bosnia and Herzegovina is in a worse demographic position than the European Union countries that show similar demographic trends. Very low birth rates, low fertility and low natural population growth have been recorded in the time of weaker economic development, which increasingly accelerates the emigration of the educated population in particular, and permanently adversely affects the reproductive potential of the country. This paper considers a hidden mutual relationship between the demographic situation (natural change, population ageing) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its citizens' system of values. According to the survey conducted on 614 respondents, Bosnia and Herzegovina's citizens have fewer children than they would like.

Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

scholarly journals How Argentina is training their mental health residents to face its Silver Tsunami?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1573-1574
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Strejilevich ◽  
Florencia Vallejos ◽  
Julian Bustin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Essential Step

In low- and middle-income countries, there is an increase in the percentage of aging population similar to or greater than that of high-income countries (World Population Ageing 1950–2050, UN, 2001). The emerging health and economical challenges due to these demographic changes will have to be addressed by their health systems. In this context, an adequate training of available human resources in geriatric psychiatry/psychogeriatrics (GP/PG) should be an essential step to meet those challenges.

scholarly journals Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Anna Łobodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
The Government

Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland The paper addresses the issue of current immigration to Finland in the context of population ageing. It is estimated that about 40% of the present labour force will have withdrawn from the Finnish labour market by the year 2020. The government of this rapidly ageing country is seeking possible remedies to the problem of a shrinking labour force. The necessity of attracting a new workforce as well as the growing number of immigrants in the ethnically homogeneous Finnish society create a need for more detailed and creative immigration policy. The paper analyzes the age and economic structure of the immigrant population, its participation in the labour market as well as the importance of immigration in contemporary demographic changes in Finland. Another aim of this paper is to outline major issues concerning Finnish immigration policy.

scholarly journals Low Fertility and Population Ageing: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Options

10.7249/mg206 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Grant ◽  
Stijn Hoorens ◽  
Suja Sivadasan ◽  
Mirjam van het Loo ◽  
Julie DaVanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Policy Options

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Change on Financial Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Asma' Rashidah Idris ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Ranjanee Kaliappan
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effect of fertility on financial stability and its determinant particularly therelevance of demographic changes. This is motivated by the huge impact of demographic changes(increasing ageing population and low fertility level). Population ageing and low fertility tend to lowerboth labour- force participation and saving rates (change bank business model), thereby raising concernson a future slowing economic growth and financial instability. The system GMM results show that thefertility level somehow acts as a buffer and reflects to the degree of stability to the financial system. Anincrease in fertility and old-age population will contribute to lowering the financial stability. As a matterof policy implication, the nations, financial sectors, and economies should take pro-active active stepsand enhance policies in handling the inter-related issue of the ageing population, decreasing fertility, andfinancial stability especially in developed countries, but not necessarily to overlook the impact of theissues in developing countries. Keywords: Demographic change, old-age population, fertility, financial stability

scholarly journals FERTILITY TRENDS IN EUROPE: FERTILITY CHANGES AND RECENT CHARACTERISTICS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 109-134
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Second Demographic Transition ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Official Sources

At the and of the 20th century and at turn of the 21st century low and very low fertility is one of the key demographic and policy chalanges in all European countries. The concept of the second demographic transition has relevance for explaining the ongoing changes in fertility patterns across Europe. The widespread transition from high to low fertility was strongly pronounced in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among others, one of the purposes of this paper is to supplement the ongoing debate about the `true`nature of the income - fertility and urbanization – fertility nexus with evidence from panel dataset of 109 municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the early 1990s there has been a marked shift in circumstances for reproductive behaviour in Bosnia and Herzegovina reflecting a move from a satisfactory and a more or less stable socio-economic and living environment to more impoverished living conditions with regard to each segment of life. The principal changes in fertility trends occuring in Bosnia and Herzegovina was in focus. The analysis presented here are based on statistical data from population censuses, more recent estimates from official sources and via fieldwork.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Modelling of Demographic Changes in Singapore’s Neighbourhoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032032
Author(s):  
Malik M Barakathullah ◽  
Elias Jakobus Willemse ◽  
Bige Tunçer ◽  
Roland Bouffanais
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Dependent Parameter ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale

Abstract Predicting the temporal evolution of the demography and the residents’ spatial movements would immensely aid the estate development and urban planning. The evolution of population in three townships of Singapore is simulated at neighbourhood scale using a novel agent-based probabilistic approach with inputs from large-scale survey and statistical data. The demographic changes due to age-dependent rates of death and fertility are studied by considering the inter-ethnic marriages that has a varying probability depending on the ethnicities of the male and female partners. The predicted changes in the age and household compositions and family types have been found to reflect the population trends in Singapore over the past years. The decline in family types that contain children and the structure of age composition over years underline the issue of prevailing low fertility rates. The strategies for incorporating the population relocation to consider the long-term spatial movement are also discussed. In Singapore’s context, we consider in the relocation model an added complexity of ethnic quota for the residential units developed by public housing board. The ethnicity dependent parameter coupled with other parameters that represent the number of children in a household besides their size, the household income, the proximity of children’s schools, and the places of employment could play a strong role in predicting the spatial evolution of the residents. These predictions can be used by the urban planners and policy makers to improve the quality of life in Singapore.

scholarly journals Population ageing trends in Serbia from the beginning of the 21st century and prospects until 2061: Regional aspect

2014 ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Penev
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Intercensal Period ◽  
Key Indicators

The results of the 2011 Census confirm that Serbia is still among countries with the oldest population in Europe. Persons aged 65+ out?numbered those under the age of 15 by 20% (17.4% versus 14.4%), and the median age was 42.7 years. Population ageing has continued, but it was slower in the intercensal period of 2002-2011 than during the 1980s and 1990s. Population ageing in Serbia has not only continued but is also widespread at all territorial levels. According to the 2011 Census, in all four statistical regions (NUTS 2), people aged 65 or older outnumbered those under the age of 15 and, in comparison to 2002, regional differences in the key indicators of population ageing increased. Heterogeneity is more present at lower territorial levels (cities/municipalities) with the least favourable age structure which will be pointed out. This paper also explores trends of components of population dynamics in the intercensal period 2002-2011, as well as causal relationship with the change of the age structure. Current demographic trends (low fertility, negative natural increase, net emigration) and very old age structure severely limit the spectrum of future demographic changes both in the medium and especially in the short term. The situation is particularly influenced by the entrance of the large baby boom generation in the elderly ages. Explorations of future population trends are conducted based on the author?s own demographic projections for Serbia until 2061 (revision 2014).

Population ageing in Europe

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Grundy ◽  
Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe

Population ageing—the process leading to increases in the representation of older people in the total population—was a predominant trend in trend in twentieth-century Europe, which will intensify over the course of the current century. This chapter presents information on the past, current, and likely future size and demographic characteristics of Europe’s older populations over the period 1950–2050 and explains the demographic changes driving population ageing. Information on the availability of close relatives (spouses and children) related to these demographic changes is also provided together with consideration of variations across Europe in the living arrangements and family support of older people. Policy implications, and possible policy responses, to these changes are considered in the final sections.

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