scholarly journals Is sustainable marketing based on virtue ethics the answer to addressing socio-ecological challenges facing humankind?

AMS Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Prothero ◽  
Pierre McDonagh
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Ecological Thought

AbstractThis commentary provides a review of Dyck and Manchanda’s work on the use of virtue ethics, through Sociological and Ecological Thought (SET) Oriented Marketing, in tackling socio-ecological challenges within society. While we concur with the focus of the paper on moving away from a central emphasis on profit maximization, we differ in how we believe this can be achieved. We critique the SET approach put forward from three key positions: (a) the SET approach and the application of virtue ethics; (b) the SET approach and the use of the marketing mix to operationalize it in practice; and, (c) the missing systemic and institutional barriers which we believe render SET problematic both theoretically and in practical terms. We conclude by suggesting that instead of utilising normative ethical theories to address socio-ecological challenges marketing researchers turn to other perspectives, such as ecofeminism.

scholarly journals SME Managers’ Perceptions of Sustainable Marketing Mix in Different Socioeconomic Conditions—A Comparative Analysis of Sri Lanka and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10659
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Sustainable Marketing

Current changes in the business environment mean that the pursuit of economic development—without accounting for social welfare and environmental constraints—is replaced by the concept of sustainable development. Enterprises, in order to meet market requirements, adopt sustainable marketing as part of their strategy to provide long-term benefits in the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The article aims to assess the differences in the use of marketing mix tools (5P) according to the concept of sustainable development in countries with different socioeconomic conditions. The empirical study was based on 262 questionnaires conducted among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in two different countries, i.e., 150 companies operating in Poland (as an example of a developed country) and 112 in Sri Lanka (as an example of a developing country). The obtained results show that there are statistically significant differences between the analyzed markets in terms of implementing sustainable marketing tools. The results allow us to conclude that the sustainable marketing mix activities are significantly more important for SEM managers in Sri Lanka than in Poland.

Utilitarianism, Deontology and Virtue Ethics

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Susan Stos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Listed Company ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Public Broadcaster

The concepts behind three of the principal normative ethical theories (utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics) are evident in a real-life scenario. This case study involves videotapes recorded from inside Grootvlei Prison, Bloemfontein, South Africa in 2002. Prisoners captured sensational footage of warders selling alcohol, drugs, loaded firearms and juveniles for sex to inmates. It was footage every journalist would want to broadcast and it was for sale to the highest bidder. The country’s three flagship current affairs programs, broadcast on three different channels, were each approached to buy the footage. Each of the television channels operates under different business models: one is the public broadcaster; another a free-to-air private channel; the third is a pay channel and part of a multinational listed company. Upon analysis it is clear that each executive producer/company espoused different ethical philosophies, yet each decision was ultimately ethical. The reasoning and philosophies of three ethical theories are highlighted in business decision-making, commercial judgments as well as journalistic choices.

scholarly journals THE LIMITATIONS OF NORMATIVE ETHICS: ANTHROPOCENTRISM IN KIM STANLEY ROBINSON’S 2312

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047
Author(s):  
Rajesh K ◽  
Rajasekaran V
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Utilitarian Approach

Purpose of the study: The present study mainly argues the limitations of normative ethics and analyzes the anthropocentrism in Kim Stanley Robinson’s 2312 based on the actions or duties of the characters. Methodology: The article used normative ethics as a methodology. Normative ethics is the study of ethical actions that has certain rules and regulations about how we ought to do and decide. So, this study has chosen a normative ethic that consists of three ethical theories Utilitarian approach, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics to judge duties that are right and wrong.   Main Findings: As a result, normative ethics compact with a one-dimensional approach. All three ethics deal with its own specific code of ethics. Utilitarianism has focused on good outcomes. Kantian ethics has paid attention to good rules with duty. Virtue ethics focused on the good people but all three theories have a strong common objective of focusing on only human beings (sentient entities) and omit other entities (plants and animals). So all normative ethics have certain limitations and do their duties without thinking about consequences and situations. In conclusion, this code of normative ethics has provoked as anthropocentric. In addition that Swan’s actions and the rational behavior made her miserably failed in Mercury through the construction of the biome and creation of quantum computers. So this cause, in the end, the space people want to move from space to earth to rebuild the biome. Applications of this study: The prudent study analyses the normative ethics in a detailed manner under the Utilitarian approach, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics. These philosophical domains can be benefitted for researchers to practice and implement during the research process in Humanities and Social Sciences especially. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study analyzed the anthropocentric attitude of the character Swan in 2312 based on her actions or duties through the code of normative ethics (Utilitarianism, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics).

scholarly journals Prospects and Constraints of Sustainable Marketing Mix Development for Poland’s High-Energy Consumer Goods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8437
Author(s):  
Tomasz Witold Trojanowski ◽  
Pawel Tadeusz Kazibudzki
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Level ◽  
Original Approach

The research examined awareness, prospects and constraints of sustainable marketing mix development (SMD) from the perspective of Poland’s high-energy consumer goods (HECG), i.e., confectionery products, as an example of the Polish food industry. A questionnaire survey was designed for this purpose. The purpose of the survey questions was to evaluate selected areas of SMD; thus, a reference value ratio was proposed. An original approach to pairwise comparisons technique was applied to rank the value of each survey to provide an intensity measure for each examined area, i.e., a non-heuristic approach with verifiable accuracy and reliability. It was found that a high level of awareness among respondents exists in relation to SMD. Considering all aspects of constraints intensity for SMD, it could be concluded that SMD for Poland’s HECG is at a quite high level. However, considering all aspects of prospects intensity for SMD, this evaluation supported the conclusion that its level for Poland’s HECG is moderate only. It was also found that prices of sustainable products constitute the highest ranked determinant of SMD. Considering these research findings regarding awareness, limitations and perspectives for the development of a sustainable marketing mix in the enterprises operating in Poland’s HECG sector, it can be concluded that there are many more problems and difficulties in implementing sustainable marketing mix programs than there are prospects for the development of this concept.

scholarly journals Culture of Marketing Actions of a Company in the Area of Sustainable Marketing Mix

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Tomasz Trojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Price Level ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
Marketing Actions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Marketing Messages

Abstract The article focuses on the essence and importance of a sustainable marketing mix in business enterprises. In the first chapter the concept of this work the concept of sustainable product is brought closer. The characteristics of a sustainable product are presented. The further part of the article describes the prices of the products in terms of sustainability. Inter alia, the impact of the use of sustainable corporate policy on the price level of products is indicated. The third chapter addresses the issues of sustainable products distribution including the description of sustainable distribution channels. The final part of the work includes the information on sustainable marketing communication with the use of promotion mix instruments. The paper presents the main objectives of sustainable marketing communication and identifies means of marketing messages. The paper concludes with a summary.

The Good Life and the Good Lives of Others

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Annas
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Good Life ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Good Lives ◽  
The Way

It is well-known that in recent years, alongside the familiar forms of modern ethical theory, such as consequentialism, deontology, and rights theory, there has been a resurgence of interest in what goes by the name of “virtue ethics” — forms of ethical theory which give a prominent status to the virtues, and to the idea that an agent has a “final end” which the virtues enable her to achieve. With this has come an increase of theoretical (as opposed to antiquarian) interest in ancient ethical theories, particularly Aristotle's, an interest which has made a marked difference in the way ethics is pursued in the Anglo-Saxon and European intellectual worlds.In this essay, I shall not be discussing modern virtue ethics, which is notably protean in form and difficult to pin down. I shall be focusing on ancient eudaimonistic ethical theories, for in their case we can achieve a clearer discussion of the problem I wish to discuss (a problem which arises also for modern versions of virtue ethics which hark back to the ancient theories in their form).

scholarly journals MARKETING MIKS PROIZVOĐAČA ORGANSKE HRANE – SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA PROIZVOĐAČE IZ SRBIJE / THE MARKETING MIX OF ORGANIC PRODUCERS – A CASE STUDY OF PRODUCERS FROM SERBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semir Vehapi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Market Communication ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Given

In the modern and turbulent environment we live in, it is the imperative of numerous businesses to become sustainable.This requires that they alter their business practice both in terms of production and marketing.Organic production is one of the types of production which completely support sustainable development through the maximum adherence to the economic, ethical, legal and ecological principles. Within marketing, this type of production requires the adaptability of the complete marketing mix to the requirements of sustainable marketing. This paper will analyze each individual instrument of the marketing mix in the function of organic food production: the product, price, marketing channels and market communication. This has indicated the existence of the specific nature of the given instruments in relation to those which are used by the more conventional food producers. In addition, a comparative analysis of the organic producers from Serbia and those from developed countries of the world was carried out with the aim of indicating the differences in the effectiveness of the marketing activities in their business practice. As a significant contribution to the topic, the appropriate measures and actions which should help local producers to find the optimum combination of marketing instruments was suggested, which should lead to the improvement of their competitiveness both on the local market and abroad.

scholarly journals Healthcare Marketing: An Empirical Study among Lebanese Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Malak Aoun ◽  
◽  
Hassan Alaaraj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Healthcare Marketing ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Although most of studies have identified different dynamic factors that influence hospitals business development, there is always an increasing interest to find the best practices that ensure effective and sustainable marketing strategies in healthcare. The purpose of this study was to make an approach between patients and hospital managers to develop an effective marketing strategy for hospitals in Lebanon. A quantitative methodology was applied to statistically test both patients and managers’ attitudesthrough conducting two different simple surveys among patients and managers from fourdifferent hospitals in Lebanon. Self-administered questionnaires were designed in terms of marketing mix and hospitalization experience, and distributed randomly among participants to assess the implemented marketing strategies.Majority of patients were satisfied from the healthcare service provided and 93.3% of patients showed high level of loyalty to these hospitals. In terms of experiencing the marketing mix, majorityof patients were able to identify the most significant 7ps in hospitals especially in terms of price and people. Similarly, the results obtained from managers’ surveyshowed consistency of the marketing strategies applied by these hospitals with the patients’ attitudesbut with some conservation regarding the pricing strategies in the Lebanese healthcare system.The importance of healthcare marketing falls mainly in the framework of strengthening public relations with patients and maintaining a proper pricing strategy that is backed by the government and mediated by the guarantors. Future studies can be extended empirically in terms of geographical distribution of hospitals and the methodology applied.

The Ethics of Human–Robot Interaction and Traditional Moral Theories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Nyholm
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Domains Of Life

The rapid introduction of different kinds of robots and other machines with artificial intelligence into different domains of life raises the question of whether robots can be moral agents and moral patients. In other words, can robots perform moral actions? Can robots be on the receiving end of moral actions? To explore these questions, this chapter relates the new area of the ethics of human–robot interaction to traditional ethical theories such as utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics. These theories were developed with the assumption that the paradigmatic examples of moral agents and moral patients are human beings. As this chapter argues, this creates challenges for anybody who wishes to extend the traditional ethical theories to new questions of whether robots can be moral agents and/or moral patients.

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