scholarly journals Prospects and Constraints of Sustainable Marketing Mix Development for Poland’s High-Energy Consumer Goods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8437
Author(s):  
Tomasz Witold Trojanowski ◽  
Pawel Tadeusz Kazibudzki
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Level ◽  
Original Approach

The research examined awareness, prospects and constraints of sustainable marketing mix development (SMD) from the perspective of Poland’s high-energy consumer goods (HECG), i.e., confectionery products, as an example of the Polish food industry. A questionnaire survey was designed for this purpose. The purpose of the survey questions was to evaluate selected areas of SMD; thus, a reference value ratio was proposed. An original approach to pairwise comparisons technique was applied to rank the value of each survey to provide an intensity measure for each examined area, i.e., a non-heuristic approach with verifiable accuracy and reliability. It was found that a high level of awareness among respondents exists in relation to SMD. Considering all aspects of constraints intensity for SMD, it could be concluded that SMD for Poland’s HECG is at a quite high level. However, considering all aspects of prospects intensity for SMD, this evaluation supported the conclusion that its level for Poland’s HECG is moderate only. It was also found that prices of sustainable products constitute the highest ranked determinant of SMD. Considering these research findings regarding awareness, limitations and perspectives for the development of a sustainable marketing mix in the enterprises operating in Poland’s HECG sector, it can be concluded that there are many more problems and difficulties in implementing sustainable marketing mix programs than there are prospects for the development of this concept.

scholarly journals Culture of Marketing Actions of a Company in the Area of Sustainable Marketing Mix

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Tomasz Trojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Price Level ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
Marketing Actions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Marketing Messages

Abstract The article focuses on the essence and importance of a sustainable marketing mix in business enterprises. In the first chapter the concept of this work the concept of sustainable product is brought closer. The characteristics of a sustainable product are presented. The further part of the article describes the prices of the products in terms of sustainability. Inter alia, the impact of the use of sustainable corporate policy on the price level of products is indicated. The third chapter addresses the issues of sustainable products distribution including the description of sustainable distribution channels. The final part of the work includes the information on sustainable marketing communication with the use of promotion mix instruments. The paper presents the main objectives of sustainable marketing communication and identifies means of marketing messages. The paper concludes with a summary.

scholarly journals Healthcare Marketing: An Empirical Study among Lebanese Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Malak Aoun ◽  
◽  
Hassan Alaaraj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Healthcare Marketing ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Although most of studies have identified different dynamic factors that influence hospitals business development, there is always an increasing interest to find the best practices that ensure effective and sustainable marketing strategies in healthcare. The purpose of this study was to make an approach between patients and hospital managers to develop an effective marketing strategy for hospitals in Lebanon. A quantitative methodology was applied to statistically test both patients and managers’ attitudesthrough conducting two different simple surveys among patients and managers from fourdifferent hospitals in Lebanon. Self-administered questionnaires were designed in terms of marketing mix and hospitalization experience, and distributed randomly among participants to assess the implemented marketing strategies.Majority of patients were satisfied from the healthcare service provided and 93.3% of patients showed high level of loyalty to these hospitals. In terms of experiencing the marketing mix, majorityof patients were able to identify the most significant 7ps in hospitals especially in terms of price and people. Similarly, the results obtained from managers’ surveyshowed consistency of the marketing strategies applied by these hospitals with the patients’ attitudesbut with some conservation regarding the pricing strategies in the Lebanese healthcare system.The importance of healthcare marketing falls mainly in the framework of strengthening public relations with patients and maintaining a proper pricing strategy that is backed by the government and mediated by the guarantors. Future studies can be extended empirically in terms of geographical distribution of hospitals and the methodology applied.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of the influences of nanoparticles as a fuel additive in an internal combustion engine (ICE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1326-1349
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽  
Yutaka Asako ◽  
Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz Japar ◽  
Saiful Bahri Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has become an attractive approach to promote enhanced combustion efficiency and emission reduction due to their superior thermophysical properties. Many researchers have previously demonstrated that the addition of nanoparticles in diesel/biodiesel fuel improved the overall engine combustion characteristics. As a whole, this study aims to summarize the recent research findings related to the effect of nanoparticles on the fuel properties and engine combustion efficiency. Furthermore, different types of additive blended with varying fuel properties are also compared and discussed. Lastly, the advantages and prospects of using nanofluid as an additive fuel are summarized for future research opportunities.

Budaya Organisasi dan Komitmen Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh di Sekolah–sekolah Menengah Zon Bukit Mertajam

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keow Ngang Tang ◽  
Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Total Quality Management ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Level

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor–faktor berkaitan Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh (PKM) di sekolah–sekolah menengah zon Bukit Mertajam. Faktor–faktor yang dikaji ialah budaya organisasi dan komitmen guru. Kajian yang berbentuk tinjauan korelasi ini merangkumi sejumlah 300 orang guru dari 19 buah sekolah menengah zon Bukit Mertajam yang telah dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak mudah. Satu set instrumen kajian yang terdiri daripada tiga bahagian iaitu PKM, budaya organisasi, dan komitmen guru dengan nilai alfa Cronbach masing–masing 0.881, 0.921, dan 0.852 telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Secara deskriptifnya, dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan: (i) Kebanyakan responden iaitu 65.6 peratus mempunyai persepsi bahawa amalan PKM di sekolah mereka adalah pada tahap yang sederhana manakala persepsi 30.4 peratus responden berada pada tahap tinggi; (ii) Sebanyak 67.3 peratus responden mempunyai persepsi bahawa budaya organisasi mereka berada pada tahap yang sederhana positif; (iii) Kesemua responden berkomitmen sederhana dan tinggi. Di samping itu, penganalisisan data menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara budaya organisasi (r = 0.725) dan komitmen guru (r = 0.901) dengan tahap PKM pada aras signifikan 0.01. Hasil kajian daripada analisis regresi pelbagai kaedah ‘Forward’ pula menunjukkan budaya organisasi dan komitmen guru merupakan peramal yang telah berjaya menyumbang sebanyak 81.7 peratus dalam pelaksanaan PKM ini. Kata kunci: Pengurusan kualiti menyeluruh, budaya organisasi, komitmen guru The aim of this research was to study factors associated with Total Quality Management (TQM) in secondary schools Bukit Mertajam zone. Factors that were studied are organizational culture and teachers’ commitment. This descriptive correlational survey research involved a total of 300 teachers from 19 secondary schools in Bukit Mertajam zone that were selected using the simple random sampling method. A set of research instrument comprising of the three section, namely TQM, organizational culture and teachers’ commitment with Cronbach Alpha value 0.881, 0.921 and 0.852 respectively has been used in this research. In descriptive terms, the research findings showed that: (i) Most of the respondents, 65.6 percent perceived the practice of TQM in their schools was at the moderate level while 30.4 percent respondents perceived the practice of TQM was at the high level; (ii) A total of 67.3 percent respondents perceived their organizational culture as moderate positive level; (iii) All respondents were at the moderate and high commitment. In addition, the data analysis showed that there were positive and significant relationships between the organizational culture (r = 0.725) and teachers’ commitment (r = 0.901) with the level of TQM at significent level = 0.01. Findings of the “Forward” method of multiple regression showed that organizational culture and teachers’ commitment were the predictors in which have successfully contributed 81.7 percent to the practice of TQM. Key words: Total Quality Management, organizational culture, teachers’ commitment

On sinterability of nanostructured W produced by high-energy ball milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malewar ◽  
K.S. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Murty ◽  
B. Sarma ◽  
S.K. Pabi
Keyword(s):  
Sintered Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Powder Charge ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

The present investigation reports for the first time a dramatic decrease in the sintering temperature of elemental W from the conventional temperature of ≥2500 °C to the modest temperature range of 1700–1790 °C by making the W powder nanostructured through high-energy mechanical milling (MM) prior to sintering. The crystallite size of the initial W powder charge with a particle size of 3–4 μm could be brought down to 8 nm by MM for 5 h in WC grinding media. Further milling resulted in a high level of WC contamination, which apparently was due to work hardening and the grain refinement of W. A sintered density as high as 97.4% was achieved by sintering cold, isostatically pressed nanocrystalline (8 nm) W powder at 1790 °C for 900 min. The microstructure of the sintered rods showed the presence of deformation bands, but no cracks, within a large number of W grains. The mechanical properties, when compared with the hardness and elastic modulus, of the sintered nano-W specimen were somewhat superior to those reported for the conventional sintered W.

scholarly journals Sustainable marketing strategies in the context of a globalized clothing and textile (C&T) sector in Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Africa Makasi ◽  
Krishna Govender
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New Perspective

This article provides a new perspective on sustainable marketing strategies in the context of a globalized clothing and textile (C&amp;amp;T) sector in Zimbabwe by linking two diverse streams of literature, namely, globalization and marketing strategy. A quantitative approach was adopted to obtain data from 127 respondents using a two-stage cluster sample. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) confirmed three of four hypothesized relationships, namely that integrated co-alliances, modern technology and national policy impact the sustainability of clothing and textile sector in Zimbabwe. The adoption of a standardized marketing strategy characterized by uniform application of the marketing mix elements with minor modifications will have a significant impact on the capacity of the C&amp;amp;T sector to withstand the adverse effects of globalization. The research extends the body of existing knowledge on marketing strategy in the context of globalization of Zimbabwe’s C&amp;amp;T sector, and argues empirically for a new approach to developing and implementing competitive marketing strategies. The research findings will enable companies in the C&amp;amp;T sector of a developing economy to craft competitive marketing strategies, which incorporate internal company capabilities and technology, and also recognize the role of national policy in the globalization discourse.

scholarly journals The New Semantics Suggested for the Marketing Mix by Millennials

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Fast Moving Consumer Goods ◽  
The City

This is an auxiliary study dealing with the 4 Ps of the Marketing Mix Model introduced by Robert F. Lauterborn. It focused on the comparative popularity of the components of the Marketing Mix among the contemporary consumers of fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) produced by Unilever and Proctor and Gamble in the capital city of Islamabad, Pakistan. These two companies are two of the prominent multi-national companies providing products of day-to-day use in the country. This study sought to find out the most popular vocabulary to describe the components of the Marketing Mix among the consumers of FMCGs who are marketing graduates and thereby, revise, enhance and refurbish it to make it more relevant to the millennial perspective. The perspective of the consumers is important to gauge if the Lauterborn’s Model is still applicable to the modern consumers or if the consumers have other marketing priorities, which may differ from the model. Data were collected through a survey based on the random sampling technique from millennial consumers at five local universities in the city. Analysis of the data revealed useful information regarding the validity of the semantics in the presently accepted marketing mix. Findings of this study have the potential to assist marketing strategies, especially at the advertising departments of the leading FMCG chains Unilever and Proctor and Gamble. Results of this study may also be applied to marketing campaigns of similar prominent multi-national companies producing FMCGs in Pakistan, like Nestle, Reckitt Benckiser and the Coca Cola Company

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