Pretreatment and optimization of reducing sugar extraction from indigenous microalgae grown on brewery wastewater for bioethanol production

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to optimize production of cellulase enzyme from agricultural waste by using Aspergillus fumigatus JCF. The study also aims at the production of bioethanol using cellulase and yeast. Design/methodology/approach – Cellulase production was carried out using modified Mandel’s medium. The optimization of the cellulase production was carried out using Plackett-Burman and Response surface methodology. Bioethanol production was carried out using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Findings – Maximum cellulase production at optimized conditions was found to be 2.08 IU/ml. Cellulase was used for the saccharification of three different feed stocks, i.e. sugar cane leaves, corn cob and water hyacinth. Highest amount of reducing sugar was released was 29.1 gm/l from sugarcane leaves. Sugarcane leaves produced maximum bioethanol concentration of 9.43 g/l out of the three substrates studied for bioethanol production. Originality/value – The present study reveals that by using the agricultural wastes, cellulase production can be economically increased thereby bioethanol production.

Download Full-text

Pretreatment of Cocoa Waste for Bioethanol Production Using Ionic Liquid

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v59.1584 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Idi ◽

Madihah Md. Salleh ◽

Zaharah Ibrahim ◽

Shaza Eva Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Fermented Food ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Ionic Liquid Pretreatment ◽

Naoh Pretreatment ◽

Biomass Loss

One of the major advantages of biofuel over fossil fuel is that it is environmentally friendly but unfortunately most of the chemicals used in the pretreatment of lignocelluloses biomass to produce biofuel can cause adverse effects to the environment. In this study, ionic liquid was used for the pretreatment of cocoa waste. Its effectiveness in the treatment process was compared to the alkalis and acids used in the conventional pretreatment media. The effectiveness of pretreatment using ionic liquid, H2SO4 and NaOH was based on the reduction of biomass, production of reducing sugar and also bioethanol. Ionic liquid pretreatment was found to show minimal biomass loss of only 31% after pretreatment compared to H2SO4 and NaOH which showed loss of 61% and 79% respectively. The untreated biomass has 10% amount of cellulose but upon pretreatment with ionic liquid, H2SO4 and NaOH, significant amount of cellulose was detected compared to NaOH which produced only 7% of cellulose. Two types of yeasts were also isolated from Malaysian local fermented food, the tapai ubi which were tested for the abilities to ferment the reducing sugar produced. Using the DNS method for determining reducing sugar, ionic liquid pretreatment was shown to produce 6.3×10–2g/L of reducing sugar while the untreated, H2SO4 and NaOH pretreatment produced 2.87×10–2g/L, 7.4×10–2g/L and 3.37×10–2g/L respectively at the end of 24 hours of incubation. Bioethanol produced during the fermentation was analysed using gas chromatography. Ionic liquid produced a total of 7.885g/L, H2SO4 produced 7.911g/L NaOH produced 6.824g/L and untreated cocoa waste produced 5.116g/L of ethanol at the end of 24 hours incubation.

Download Full-text

PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM RICE AND MILLET HUSKS

International Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.46654/ij.24889849.e717 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Gwandu AZ ◽

Farouq AA ◽

Baki AS ◽

Peni DN

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

High Yield ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Fermentation Period

This study was based on the production of bioethanol as an alternative source of fuel using rice and millet husks. Proximate, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted of the biomass. The proximate analysis revealed that millet husk had the highest moisture content of 26.67±0.58% when compared with rice husk 8.17±0.29%. The TGA of rice husk had a high endset temperature of 355.510C and a weight loss of -48.23%, millet husk had low endset temperature of 349.210C and a weight loss of -44.25%. When thirty grams (30g) of the substrates was used, rice husk revealed the highest reducing sugar content of 2.59±1.24mol/dm3 when compared to millet husk that had 1.63±0.68 mol/dm3. Rice husk indicated low yield after 7 days of fermentation period but showed a significantly high yield in the volume of ethanol produced 68.67±17.69g/l and millet husk had a yield of 79.80±0.93g/l. This indicated that both rice and millet husks were potent for bioethanol production with millet husk having the highest yield.

Download Full-text

Bioethanol Production from Pineapple Peel Juice Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.242 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 875-877 ◽

pp. 242-245

Author(s):

Jutarut Pornpunyapat ◽

Wilaiwan Chotigeat ◽

Pakamas Chetpattananondh

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Pineapple Peel ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Production Characteristics

Bioethanol is widely used as renewable resource due to its safe to produce and environmentally friendly. However, knowledge on ethanol production from pineapple peel juice (Pattawia spp) is far from sufficient. In this work, pineapple peel juice (initial pH at 5) was fermented at various yeast contents (1, 3 and 5% by wt.) and fermentation times (3, 5 and 7 days) in order to investigate ethanol production characteristics. Yeast, Sacchromyces cerevisiae was grown on pineapple peel juice. The squeezed juice contained 11% of total sugar and 5% of reducing sugar. The results indicated that the optimum ethanol production was yeast contents of 5% by wt. and fermentation times of 5 days which gave the ethanol production of 9.08g/l. The ethanol at a higher yeast content also had a higher ethanol concentration.

Download Full-text

Bioethanol Production from Enzymatic Hydrolyzates of Pretreated Flaxseed Meals by Baker’s Yeast

10.21203/rs.3.rs-599700/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SAHELI GHOSAL ◽

JAYATI BHOWAL

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Baker’S Yeast ◽

Baker's Yeast ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Cellulose Conversion ◽

Flaxseed Meal

Abstract The present study investigated the usefulness of flaxseed meals as a novel feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The proximate composition of the flaxseed meal was carried out before the pretreatment of the flaxseed meal. In this study, flaxseed meal was pretreated with dilute acid, alkali, and aqueous for disruption of lignocellulosic compounds. The acid pretreated flaxseed meal was used for enzymatic hydrolysis by different enzymes (cellulase, α-amylase, and cellulase combined with α-amylase) for better release of reducing sugar. The cellulose conversion to reducing sugar was significantly higher for acid pretreated flaxseed meals. After enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase, cellulose conversions to reducing sugars were found to be significantly higher than those of α-amylase and cellulase combined with α-amylase. The bioethanol production was also investigated. The fermentation process was carried out by using baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with the acid pretreated flaxseed meal enzymatic hydrolyzate. Maximum ethanol production (0.11 g/l) was achieved from the fermented medium obtained from the acid pretreated flaxseed meal followed by enzymatic hydrolysis by using cellulase enzyme. The structural analysis of bioethanol was also investigated by FTIR.

Download Full-text

The Potential of Microbial Symbionts Macrotermes gilvus Hagen Termite Gut as Degrading Agents of Cellulose in Bioethanol Production

Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education ◽

10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14965 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 396-401

Author(s):

Dewi Susilowati ◽

Niken Subekti ◽

Siti Harnina Bintari

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Cell Density ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Microbial Symbionts ◽

Student’S T ◽

Central Composite ◽

High Cellulose ◽

Test Result ◽

Student’S T Test

Water hyacinth is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production because of their high cellulose. The microbial symbionts of the Macrotermes gilvus termite’s gut have a high endoglucanase enzyme activity. This research was aimed to analyze the pH, temperature and agitation effects towards cell density, endoglucanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar, and to determine the effective optimum condition that can produce maximum reducing sugar. This research used central composite design (CCD) with the total number of run was . The independent variables were including pH (5.9, 6.4, 7.0, 7.6, 8.0), temperature (30 0C, 33 0C, 37 0C, 41 0C, 44 0C) and agitation (90 rpm,114 rpm, 150 rpm,185 rpm, 210 rpm), with six replications at central points. Parameters measured were cell density, endoglukanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar, thus analyzed by the statistical software package MINITAB 18.0. The Student’s t-test result showed the primary sequence influencing cell density as pH ˃ agitation ˃ temperature and towards endoglucanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar as pH ˃ temperature ˃ agitation, P ˂ 0.05. The maximum reducing sugar (60.13 ± 3.16 mmolL-1) was obtained at pH 6.95, temperature 37 0C and agitation 150 rpm. The results of this research can be used to explore the more potential microbial symbionts of the Macrotermes gilvus Hagen termite’s gut.

Download Full-text

Design Process of Hydrolysis and Fermentation Bioethanol Production from Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii to Renewable Energy Sovereignity

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i3.390 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Wagiman . ◽

Makhmudun Ainuri ◽

Rinda Gusvita ◽

Jumeri .

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Process Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Fermentation Efficiency ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

High Reduction ◽

Eucheuma Cottonii ◽

Fermentation Substrate

The aim of this research was study of E. cottonii to produce bioethanol fermentation substrate with a high reduction sugar content and low Hidroxymethilfurfural (HMF). Fermentation done by instant yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture of FNCC 3012.The best treatment was obtained in the combination of 2% of H2SO4 by time reaction of 120 minutes in 80°C produced 15.61 g/l reducing sugar and 5.03 g/l HMF. In fermented process, the hydrolysate with instant yeast starter delivered much more efficiency in 3.63 ml CO2 volume, 87.53% in fermentation efficiency, and 1.96 g/l reducing sugar on fifth day of fermentation. Keywords: bioethanol, Eucheuma cottonii, fermentation, hydrolysis, process design

Download Full-text

Produksi Bioetanol Dari Rumput Laut dan Limbah Agar Gracilaria sp. dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Yang Berbeda

Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.14710/bioma.16.2.65-75 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saniha Adini ◽

Endang Kusdiyantini ◽

Anto Budiharjo

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Cell Number ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Enzymatic Process ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

High Demand ◽

Variable Reduction ◽

The Difference ◽

Main Component

The Indonesia needs of Bioethanol were 390.000 kL in 2012, but the local ethanol production only able to cover less than 4% from the needed. The high demand of the bioethanol encourage for another innovation in ethanol production more efficient and effectively. Seaweeds and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. could be useful as substrate for bioethanol production, because of the high amount of polysaccharide, cellulose and galactan type. Unfortunately, this cellulose and galactan had through the saccharification process first, before they can be used as substrates in bioethanol production. This study examined the difference between two saccharification process which are acid hydrolisis using H2SO4 1% and enzymatic process using Aspergillus niger on the use seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. for bioethanol production. Bioethanol production been conducted for 5 days and in each 24 hour, the sampling for cell number variable, reduction sugar amount variable, and medium fermentation pH variable had been retrieved. The ethanol amount calculation in the last incubation phase conducted using distillate fermentation spesific gravity methode. The highest ethanol was obtained 5,50% by treatment using seaweed medium with acid hydrolisis. The anova analysis result showed that interaction between medium variable and hydrolisis didn’t have signifficant influence toward ethanol product. It showed that seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. had same quality and they can be useful as main component of bioethanol production which are hydrolisis by enzymatic or acid hydrolisis. Key Words : Gracilaria sp., the residual pulp, saccharification, reducing sugar, ethanol

Download Full-text

Effect of Dilute Acid and Alkaline Pretreatments on Enzymatic Saccharfication of Palm Tree Trunk Waste for Bioethanol Production

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4256.705-714 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 705 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽

Sakina Tunissa Anarki ◽

Sabda Wahyu Nugroho ◽

Reistu Widiastutik ◽

Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

Keyword(s):

Substrate Concentration ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Enzymatic Saccharification ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Steam Pretreatment ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Tree Trunk ◽

Pre Treatment

The sugar palm tree (Arenga pinnata) was abundant in Indonesia and has high cellulose contents for bioethanol production. However, the lignin content was the major drawback which could inhibit saccharification enzymes and therefore removing the lignin from the biomass is important. This paper evaluated the effects of pretreatments using nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at 2 to 10% (v/v) on reducing sugar and ethanol contents and compared with the effects of steam pre-treatment. The pretreated samples were hydrolyzed using cellulase enzymes at pH 5.0 with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v) for 24 to 72 h at 50 °C. Subsequent assessments of enzymatic saccharification following pre-treatment with 10% (v/v) HNO3 showed maximum reducing and total sugar contents in palm tree trunk waste of 5.320% and 5.834%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. Following pretreatment with 10% (v/v) of NH4OH, the maximum reducing and total sugar contents of palm tree trunk waste were 2.892% and 3.556%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. In comparison, steam pretreatments gave maximum reducing sugar and total sugar contents of 1.140% and 1.315% under the same conditions. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted at 37 °C (pH 4.8) and 100 rpm for 120 h using 10% (v/v) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase enzyme with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v). The result showed the highest ethanol content of 2.648% was achieved by using 10% (v/v) HNO3. The use of 10% (v/v) NH4OH gained a yield of 0.869% ethanol while the steam pretreatment could obtained 0.102% ethanol. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Download Full-text

MEMPELAJARI KONDISI OPTIMUM PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL MELALUI HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS MENGGUNAKAN Sacharomycess cereviceae DARI PATI SAGU DAN UMBI TALAS

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v5i1.174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Marniati Salim ◽

Elida Mardiah ◽

Yosi Opthymal ◽

Febby Febrizal

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Key Words ◽

Value Added ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Sago Starch ◽

Bioethanol Production

Vol 5 No 1ABSTRACT Sago (Metroxylon sp) and umbi talas (Colocasia gigantea Hook F) are natural resources that are found in plantyfull Indonesian. However, these potencies are not yet processed to give an optimum value added product. Sago and taro are rich of starch, that could be fermented to form bioethanol for reneweable energy. The ethanol were produced by fermenting the hydrolized starch of sago and taro with yeast. The starch of sago and taro were hydrolized enzymaticly by α-amylase and glucoamylase. Sago and taro (15 g each) were grinded and hydrolized by α-amylase and then by glucoamylase at the variation of volume of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mL for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. The glucose produced was measured by Somogy-Nelson methods. The product of sago hydrolysis were optimum with 6 mL of α-amylase and 6 mL glucoamylase for 2 hours to give 59.11 g/L of reducing sugar. The product of taro with 6 mL α-amylase and 7 mL glucoamylase for 4 hours which gave 64.22 g/L of reducing sugar. The product of ethanol were analyzed by Gas Cromatography (GC). The maximum bioethanol production obtained optimum after 4 days fermentation of hydrolized sago starch and after 5 days fermentation of hydrolized taro starch which were 3.742% and 4.0123%. Key words: Bioethanol, sago starch, taro, enzymatic hydrolysed, α-amylase and glucoamylase

Download Full-text