scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM RICE AND MILLET HUSKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gwandu AZ ◽  
Farouq AA ◽  
Baki AS ◽  
Peni DN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fermentation Period

This study was based on the production of bioethanol as an alternative source of fuel using rice and millet husks. Proximate, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted of the biomass. The proximate analysis revealed that millet husk had the highest moisture content of 26.67±0.58% when compared with rice husk 8.17±0.29%. The TGA of rice husk had a high endset temperature of 355.510C and a weight loss of -48.23%, millet husk had low endset temperature of 349.210C and a weight loss of -44.25%. When thirty grams (30g) of the substrates was used, rice husk revealed the highest reducing sugar content of 2.59±1.24mol/dm3 when compared to millet husk that had 1.63±0.68 mol/dm3. Rice husk indicated low yield after 7 days of fermentation period but showed a significantly high yield in the volume of ethanol produced 68.67±17.69g/l and millet husk had a yield of 79.80±0.93g/l. This indicated that both rice and millet husks were potent for bioethanol production with millet husk having the highest yield.

Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e389
Author(s):  
M. Camlica ◽  
G. Yaldiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

scholarly journals Design Process of Hydrolysis and Fermentation Bioethanol Production from Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii to Renewable Energy Sovereignity

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Wagiman . ◽  
Makhmudun Ainuri ◽  
Rinda Gusvita ◽  
Jumeri .
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Efficiency ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii ◽  
Fermentation Substrate

<p>The aim of this research was study of E. cottonii to produce bioethanol fermentation substrate with a high reduction sugar content and low Hidroxymethilfurfural (HMF). Fermentation done by instant yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture of FNCC 3012.The best treatment was obtained in the combination of 2% of H2SO4 by time reaction of 120 minutes in 80°C produced 15.61 g/l reducing sugar and 5.03 g/l HMF. In fermented process, the hydrolysate with instant yeast starter delivered much more efficiency in 3.63 ml CO2 volume, 87.53% in fermentation efficiency, and 1.96 g/l reducing sugar on fifth day of fermentation. <br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: bioethanol, Eucheuma cottonii, fermentation, hydrolysis, process design</p>

scholarly journals Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Cultivated on Parkia biglobosa Fruit Pulp

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Shnada Auta ◽  
Khadijat Toyin Abidoye ◽  
Hauwa Tahir ◽  
Aliyu Dabai Ibrahim ◽  
Sesan Abiodun Aransiola
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Citric Acid Production ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Fermentation Period

The study was conducted to investigate the potential of Parkia biglobosa fruit pulp as substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Reducing sugar was estimated by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and citric acid was estimated spectrophotometrically using pyridine-acetic anhydride methods. The studies revealed that production parameters (pH, inoculum size, substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and fermentation period) had profound effect on the amount of citric acid produced. The maximum yield was obtained at the pH of 2 with citric acid of 1.15 g/L and reducing sugar content of 0.541 mMol−1, 3% vegetative inoculum size with citric acid yield of 0.53 g/L and reducing sugar content of 8.87 mMol−1, 2% of the substrate concentration with citric acid yield of 0.83 g/L and reducing sugar content of 9.36 mMol−1, incubation temperature of 55°C with citric acid yield of 0.62 g/L and reducing sugar content of 8.37 mMol−1, and fermentation period of 5 days with citric acid yield of 0.61 g/L and reducing sugar content of 3.70 mMol−1. The results of this study are encouraging and suggest that Parkia biglobosa pulp can be harnessed at low concentration for large scale citric acid production.

scholarly journals Changes of Physiochemical and Enzymatic Activities of doenjang Prepared with Different Amount of Rice koji during 30 Days of Fermentation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Yongwoo Jo ◽  
Woo-suk Bang ◽  
Mina K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Protein Enzyme

Koji is an intermediate fermentation agent, made by inoculating known microorganisms in grains, such as rice, beans, and barley, to hydrolyze starch or protein. The quality of koji can influence the final quality of doenjang. This study aimed to investigate changes in the physiochemical and enzymatic activities of doenjang prepared with different amounts of rice koji during a 30-day fermentation period. Three doenjang samples were prepared with varying levels of rice koji: K1 (11% reduced), K2 (control), K3 (11% increased). Physiochemical characteristics including pH, TA, acid value, moisture content, color, sugar and reducing sugar content, and enzymatic activities including α- and β-Amylase, acidic and neutral protease activities. Samples were taken every 5 days for 30 days of fermentation period. The doenjang with a high content of rice koji had higher levels of total sugars, reducing sugars, alcohol, and protein enzyme activity than the doenjang samples with a lower content of rice koji (p < 0.05). However, no differences in the physiochemical and enzymatic activities were found between the doenjang made with a lower amount of koji and the control doenjang during fermentation (p > 0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of carbohydrate content on shoot maturation and yield of Palmer mango submitted to potassium fertilization and biostimulant

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e888997948
Author(s):  
Mariela Medeiros Lopes Silva ◽  
José Carlos Moraes Rufini ◽  
Miriã Cristina Pereira Fagundes ◽  
Victor Martins Maia ◽  
Ana Clara Pimenta Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Main Culture ◽  
Production Period

Mango production in the Brazilian semiarid region has gained prominence in the national scenario due to the high yield and long production period using techniques that help in the main culture stages. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of two alternative techniques in the production of ‘Palmer’ mango in the vegetative phase. It was evaluated whether commercial potassium-based Multipotássio® fertilizer could be used as an alternative source of potassium nutrient in the maturation process of mango branches, and whether Ascophyllum nodosum algae extract MultiTurbo® biostimulant would be good alternative for fruit production. Two experiments were conducted in the same area, the first experiment with factors represented by four Multipotássio® concentrations (0; 1; 2 and 3 L ha-1) and two assessment periods in the maturation of mango branches and leaves. In the second experiment, conducted in the same area, factors Multipotássio® concentration (0; 1; 2 and 3 L ha-1) and four MultiTurbo® concentrations (0; 0.625 ml ha-1; 1. 25 ml ha-1 and 2.50 ml ha-1) were evaluated. Number and length of panicles, carbohydrate content in branches and leaves, fruiting rate, fruit mass, length and diameter and yield were evaluated. The use of potassium-based fertilizer helps to increase sugar content in 'Palmer' mango branches, which has been increasing in relation to the doses used. Biostimulants result in positive effects on the number of panicles, fruits and yield of 'Palmer' mango.

scholarly journals Bacterial Cellulose Production in The Overripe Guava Juice by Acetobacter xylinum as A Solution to Reduce Organic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Annisa Nur Lathifah ◽  
Isa Nuryana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
External Sources

The exploration for a new cost-effective carbon source with shorter fermentation process for high yield BC production is still needed. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC) was synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum using overripe guava juice as a carbon source. The results showed that A. xylinum was able to grow on the overripe guava juice with different concentration and produced BC after two days incubation. In the later on, the BC is called as nata de guava. The overripe guava juice which containing reducing sugar content 23 g /L (substrate 100%) at pH 4 produced the thickest BC (1.267 cm). This study showed due to the high reducing sugar and protein contents in the overripe guava, without the addition of carbon and nitrogen from external sources, BC could be formed. Considering the huge disposal overripe guava fruit waste in Java, the present study provides an alternative methodology to synthesize BC. Besides, most importantly, this study provides a new insight to manage organic waste specifically from overripe guava fruit rather than the waste being thrown away and becoming organic waste generation. Keywords: bacterial cellulose, Acetobacter xylinum, overripe guava, organic waste

scholarly journals Solid state fermentation and bioconversion of ripe and unripe pineapple peels using aspergillus Niger

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Atere Victor ◽  
Femi-Ola Titilayo ◽  
Fapohunda Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Acidity Reduction

Pineapple peels are considered as waste in industrial and house hold setting. This research was aimed at converting these waste into useful product through bioconversion using Aspergillus niger. The proximate analysis, reducing sugar, pH, and titratable acidity of the both ripe and unripe peels of pine apple was carried out at the onset of the fermentation and at an interval of 24 hours for 96 hours. These analyses carried out on both ripe and the unripe peels of pineapple showed that, the crude protein increased from 3.96% to 9.84% in the ripe pineapple peel and increased from 3.21% to 6.41% in unripe peels. The crude fiber reduced from 14.09% to 3.23% in the ripe pineapple peels while the crude fiber of the unripe peels reduced from 10.15 to 4.62 at the end of the 96 hour fermentation. Increase in titratable acidity, reduction in reducing sugar and pH was recorded for both ripe and unripe peels during the fermentation period. The optimum bioconversion was recorded at 72 hours of fermentation where the pick in the crude protein was recorded. The fat content of the pineapple peel in both ripe and unripe pineapple peel remain fairly constant throughout the fermentation period. The ripe pineapple peel yielded more protein compared to the unripe pineapple peels. This is an indication that the ripe pineapple peels are more preferred for industrial application.

scholarly journals Impact of storage condition on postharvest preservation of fresh Bambusa sp. shoot

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Surintraporn Changchai ◽  
Thawanrat Sumrit ◽  
Thanapon Kitpot ◽  
Pacharaporn Inrirai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research was aimed to study postharvest senescence of fresh Bambusa sp. shoot. The harvested bamboo shoots were packed in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE, 0.07 mm thick) bag and stored in 2 conditions: ambient (29±3°C) and refrigerated temperatures (5±3°C). The physical and chemical properties during the 7 days storage were investigated for postharvest quality management. The storage of the bamboo shoots at ambient greatly affected the physical and chemical properties (weight loss, discoloration, reducing sugar content and total acidity content) compared to the refrigerated storage. Under the ambient storage, critical weight loss of shoots (approximately 5) was recorded at day 4 storage along with the darkening of the basal section. Moreover, the reducing sugar rapidly decreased to 50% of the initial at day 2 storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted, and consumers were able to accept bamboo shoots stored at ambient up to one day of storage. On the other hand, bamboo shoots stored in refrigerated up to 7 days were acceptable. This is due to the quick change of color and odor of the bamboo shoots which can be the quality indicators of the harvested shoots.

scholarly journals Comparative study and experimental analysis of pellets from biomass sawdust and rice husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche P. Onochie ◽  
S. A. Aliu ◽  
U. Nosegbe ◽  
K. K. Adama
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
A Value ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Ratio Optimization

Sawdust and rice husk are available in abundance and indigenous in Nigeria but have not been exploited because they cannot be used directly in combustion processes due to their loose form unless by pelleting or briquetting. This experimental study assesses the potential of pellets from sawdust (SD) and rice husk (RH). Pallet samples collected from mills were thereafter optimized in ratios (i.e. 90%RH:10%SD, 80%RH:20%SD, 70RH:30SD, 60%RH:40%SD, 50%RH:50%SD, 100%RH and 100%SD) using mixing ratio optimization model. Seven samples were produced using a manual screw press machine and were subsequently categorized in terms of calorific value (CV), proximate and ultimate analyses using the ASTM standards. Results showed that the 100%RH pellets have higher CV of 31,026.3kJ/kg and the 100%SD a value of 26,088.3kJ/kg while the optimized pellets range from 25,867.39kJ/kg to 27,063.60kJ/kg. The CV decreases with increasing ash content of the pellets. It was also observed from the proximate analysis that the 100%RH has low percentages of moisture content, volatile matter and ash content compared to others. The optimized pellets showed that SD has the tendency to reduce the sulfur content in RH; hence, a promising alternative source of energy to the conventional fossil fuel.

scholarly journals Microbial Fermentation of Water Melon (Citurullus lanatus) Seeds for Bioethanol Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Adegunloye D. V. ◽  
Olotu T. M. ◽  
Sanusi M. B.
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Melon

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a vine-like flowering originally from Southern Africa. The microbial fermentation of watermelon seeds for me production of bioethanol was investigated. The seeds were washed dried and grounded into powder. The seed powder was then fermented for bioethanol production and the microorganisms responsible for the fermentation were isolated and characterized. Bioethanol was distilled from the fermentation. The distilled bioethanol was subjected to comparative analysis with ’the conventional ethanol. Proximate analysis of the grinded seed was carried out before and after fermentation. The organisms responsible for fermentation were identified as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus lactis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp, Micrococcus spp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Fusarium oxysporium, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium notatum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. There was an increase in the protein content of the seed from 4.269% in the unfermented to 10.031% in the fermented. While carbohydrate reduced from 70.523% in the unfermented to 50.149% in the fermented seed. Fat content increased as well as crude fibre content. The distilled bioethanol boils at 78.4% and as a melting point of -112°C at 15°C. The refractive index was 1.360 and the flash point was 12°C. It burns with blue flame. Considering the comparison between the bioethanol produced from Citrullus lanatus seeds with the conventional ethanol, it can be used as an alternative source of biofuel.

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