scholarly journals Barriers and Drivers for Mainstreaming Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Risks: The Case of South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungju Han ◽  
Christian Kuhlicke
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Contextual Domain ◽  
The Cost

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) are seen as a promising adaptation measure that sustainably deals with diverse societal challenges, while simultaneously delivering multiple benefits. Nature-based solutions have been highlighted as a resilient and sustainable means of mitigating floods and other hazards globally. This study examined diverging conceptualizations of NBS, as well as the attitudinal (for example, emotions and beliefs) and contextual (for example, legal and political aspects) barriers and drivers of NBS for flood risks in South Korea. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 experts and focused on the topic of flood risk measures and NBS case studies. The analysis found 11 barriers and five drivers in the attitudinal domain, and 13 barriers and two drivers in the contextual domain. Most experts see direct monetary benefits as an important attitudinal factor for the public. Meanwhile, the cost-effectiveness of NBS and their capacity to cope with flood risks were deemed influential factors that could lead decision makers to opt for NBS. Among the contextual factors, insufficient systems to integrate NBS in practice and the ideologicalization of NBS policy were found to be peculiar barriers, which hinder consistent realization of initiatives and a long-term national plan for NBS. Understanding the barriers and drivers related to the mainstreaming of NBS is critical if we are to make the most of such solutions for society and nature. It is also essential that we have a shared definition, expectation, and vision of NBS.

scholarly journals Using Artificial Intelligence to classify Jobseekers: The Accuracy-Equity Trade-off

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
SAM DESIERE ◽  
LUDO STRUYVEN
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Graphical Tool ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly popular in the public sector to improve the cost-efficiency of service delivery. One example is AI-based profiling models in public employment services (PES), which predict a jobseeker’s probability of finding work and are used to segment jobseekers in groups. Profiling models hold the potential to improve identification of jobseekers at-risk of becoming long-term unemployed, but also induce discrimination. Using a recently developed AI-based profiling model of the Flemish PES, we assess to what extent AI-based profiling ‘discriminates’ against jobseekers of foreign origin compared to traditional rule-based profiling approaches. At a maximum level of accuracy, jobseekers of foreign origin who ultimately find a job are 2.6 times more likely to be misclassified as ‘high-risk’ jobseekers. We argue that it is critical that policymakers and caseworkers understand the inherent trade-offs of profiling models, and consider the limitations when integrating these models in daily operations. We develop a graphical tool to visualize the accuracy-equity trade-off in order to facilitate policy discussions.

Influential Factors in IT Outsourcing Relationship in a Swedish Municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Daniela Pana Talpeanu ◽  
Lazar Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Core Capabilities

Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) has generated considerable interest within Information Systems (IS) research as a consequence of its benefits in terms of cost efficiency and freedom to focus on core capabilities. This study covers the area of ITO in the public sector, specifically, in Swedish Municipalities where ITO has become a mainstream strategy. The influential ITO factors of the post-contract stage of an ITO relationship are examined and debated in light of existent research literature. The research is based on a case study of a Swedish Municipality and a direct IT vendor. A thematic analysis brings light upon three new ITO influential factors which are: (1) mutual understanding and long-term engagement; (2) Multi-sourcing, and (3) Communication between Municipalities, together with other seven factors present in the research literature that have an influence on the ITO relationship. The findings of this study can support ITO decision-makers from Swedish municipalities in improving the ITO relationship between their organizations and IT vendors.

Perspectives for Planning Approaches in Promoting Underground Built Heritage - COST Action Underground4value

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Smaniotto Costa ◽  
Tatiana Ruchinskaya ◽  
Konstantinos Lalenis
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planning Approaches

<p>The COST Action 18110 Underground4value (http://underground4value.eu) aims to advance knowledge on how to guarantee continuity of use and significance of underground historic fabric. It is collecting information, experiences and knowhow to base the development of research and training. The Action focusses on underground regeneration, revitalisation of the public realm and skills development for people concerned with underground heritage.</p><p>This contribution centres the attention of the Working Group on Planning Approaches. It also looks at the role of local authorities, as enablers and facilitators, in coordination, use  and management of underground built heritage. In this framework underground built heritage is considered as a social resource with integrated programmes of physical, economic and social measures, backed by strategic stakeholder dialogue.</p><p>On the one hand, this contribution discusses the structure and goals of the WG, as it pays attention to the necessary complementarities between functional approaches – at the level of regions and city – and social and cultural approaches involving citizens’ engagement and empowerment – at the local level. This WG aims to provide a reflection on sustainable approaches to preserve the underground built heritage and, at the same time, to unfold the case by case approach for potential use of underground space. On the other hand, to achieve its objectives the WG on Planning Approaches is setting together potentials and constraints in the efforts to make better use of underground heritage. This contribution, therefore, sheds lights on the preliminary results of the WG. It is centred on the learned lessons, challenges and barriers - from a planning science perspective - that experts met in their efforts to tackle Underground Built Heritage. Achieving this goal makes the call for an educational paradigm shift - as the Action is not only interested in compiling the results, rather on experiences that can be analysed and learned. This requires a dynamic understanding of knowledge, abilities and skills, towards creating more effective coalitions of ‘actors’ within localities, by developing structures, which encourage long term collaborative relationships. Enabled by the gained knowledge, the WG will define the best tailored ways to forward this knowledge for planners and decision-makers.</p>

scholarly journals Railway Wireless Communications Channel Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Nerea Fernández-Berrueta ◽  
Jon Goya ◽  
Jaione Arrizabalaga ◽  
Iker Moya ◽  
Jaizki Mendizabal
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Train Control ◽  
The Cost

Railway applications are in continuous evolution with the aim of offering a more efficient, sustainable, and safer transportation system for the users. Generally, these applications are constantly exchanging information between the systems onboard the train and the trackside through a wireless communication. Nowadays, Global System for Mobile communications-Railway (GSM-R) is the technology used by European Train Control System (ETCS), but it is becoming obsolete. Therefore, alternatives for this technology have to be found for the different railway applications. Its natural evolution is to move forward with the latest technology deployed: Long-Term Evolution (LTE), which the Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMN) have already deployed. Therefore, testing the performance of this communication technology in the railway environment could be useful to assess its suitability and reduce the cost of railway network dedicated deployment. In order to do that, a methodology to characterize the communication environment is proposed. The main goal is to measure geolocated impairments of any communication channel in a railway environment being able to determine its behavior of the different communication technologies and find out possible coverage issues. Moreover, it could help in the selection of suitable communication technology for railway. This paper presents a brief description of the communication for railways and its QoS parameters for performance measuring. Afterward, the testing methodology is described, and then, the communication channel measurement campaign on a real track in Spain where the railway environment is variable is presented (tunnels, rural/urban area…). Finally, the measurements and results on this real track in Spain are shown. The results provide suitability of the 4G technologies based on the delay requirements for the implementation of ETCS over it.

scholarly journals Deuda pública en México: dinámica e implicaciones de política

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Oshiel Martínez Chapa ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Salazar Castillo ◽  
Saul Roberto Quispe Aruquipa
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Public Credit ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that have driven the public debt in Mexico and its consequences on the economy. The hypothesis proposed is that the increase in debt is related to factors such as discretion in the management of public resources, the guarantee of oil resources, the cost of financial bailouts and the growing social spending exercised. The research question is: How has public debt evolved in the medium and long term, and what are the consequences? The methodology used is qualitative in that it analyzes the facts and documents, and the second is quantitative in that it uses a regression model in which a growth rate of the variable in question is used. The data come from institutions such as the Bank of Mexico, the World Bank, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP), as well as World Population Review. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for governments to adopt responsible policies in order to influence growth and economic development, and not that austerity policies cause low investment and unemployment in the country.

The Wealth of Nature

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Worster
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dollar Bill ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Green Earth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Opinion Polls

Whoever made the dollar bill green had a right instinct. There is a connection, profound and yet so easy to ignore, between the money in our pocket and the green earth, though the connection is more than color. The dollar bill needs paper, which is to say it needs trees, just as our wealth in general derives from nature, from the forest, the earth and waters, the soil. That these are all limited and finite is easy to see, and so also must be wealth; it can never be unlimited, though it can be expanded and multiplied by human ingenuity. Somewhere on the dollar bill that message might be printed, a warning that you hold in your hand a piece of the limited earth that should be handled with respect: “In God we trust; on nature we must depend.” The public is beginning to understand that connection in at least a rudimentary way and to realize that taking better care of the earth will cost money, will lower the standard of living as it is conventionally defined, and will interfere with freedom of enterprise. By the evidence of opinion polls, something like three out of four Americans say they are ready to accept those costs, a remarkable development in our history. The same can be said for almost every other nation on earth, even the poorest, who are learning that, in their own long-term self-interest, the preservation of nature is a cost they ought to pay, though they may demand that the rich nations assume some of the cost. Having money in one’s pocket, no matter how green its color, is no longer the unexamined good it once was. Many have come to realize that wealth might be a kind of poverty. The human species, according to a team of Stanford biologists, is now consuming or destroying 40 percent of the net primary terrestrial production of the planet: that is nearly one half of all the energy fixed by photosynthesis on the land. We are harvesting it, drastically reorganizing it, or losing it through urbanization and desertification in order to support our growing numbers and even faster growing demands.

scholarly journals Complex Dynamic Analysis for Game Model under Different Regulatory Levels in China’s Housing Rental Market

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lingling Mu ◽  
Xiangyu Qin ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Game Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, we construct an evolutionary game model of government and real estate operators (long-term apartment rental companies) in the housing rental market in the context of financial institutions and public participation in regulation and analyze the effects of different regulatory levels of financial institutions and the public on the evolutionary results through model solving and numerical simulation. The results show that, under five different levels of supervision, financial institutions and the public have different evolutionary and stable strategies; financial institutions’ participation in supervision can effectively reduce the cost of government supervision and promote the government’s evolution towards strict supervision. It is difficult for real estate operators to evolve naturally towards keeping their promises when the probability of the social public or financial institutions participating in regulation is low. Only when the probability of social public and financial institutions participating in regulation reaches a certain level will real estate operators be inclined to keep their promises.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KARET ALAM UNTUK PRODUK BARANG JADI DI DESA SUBAN JERIJI KECAMATAN RAMBANG DANGKU KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Junaidi ◽  
Abu Hasan ◽  
KA Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rubber Market ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

Besides the domestic consumption of natural rubber into rubber goods is still very small, Indonesia is also still dependent on the export of these commodities abroad. The new natural rubber producing countries which are quite troubling the world natural rubber market including Indonesia are also China, Vietnam and Cambodia. One of the main weaknesses of Indonesian farmers' natural rubber is dirty. This is a cause of low prices. The cost of cleaning the rubber is too high. Therefore it is indeed necessary to have a way to diversify rubber products or increase the consumption of natural rubber in the country is very important. In order for many people to produce rubber goods, this means that many people know that cleaning rubber is necessary and does not need to be polluted. In Palembang itself, there was PT. Sri Bina Havea and Intirub Tire Factory, but both are gone. Thus, the way to produce rubber goods of natural rubber needs to be socialized to the Indonesian people, especially in South Sumatetra. This certainly greatly influences the development of the local economy given that South Sumatetra is the largest producer of natural rubber in Indonesia and this result is mostly produced by farmers rather than large companies. For this reason, this service aims to provide information about the technology of processing natural rubber into rubber goods to the public. This service was carried out on the people of Suban Jeriji village, Rambang Dangku Sub-District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra. The method used in this activity is a lecture and interactive discussion about the manufacture of natural rubber finished goods with the help of LCD and accompanied by providing samples of finished goods products from semi-finished natural rubber. The target to be achieved in this activity is the formation of insights into thinking that natural rubber goods are a way to overcome the ever-uncertain prices of natural rubber on the market. The long-term target of this activity is perhaps one day there are students or students who are interested in becoming entrepreneurs of natural rubber goods. 

scholarly journals Modeling Cultural Content for Outreach Programs in Marginalized Communities in Asia: A Case Study of South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Sung Jin Lee ◽  
Jae-Eun Oh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Cultural Content

Wherever quality of life continues to improve, people turn to cultural and artistic pursuits to enhance their life experience. Hence, cultural and art education is encouraged in museums, galleries, and schools for public benefit and enjoyment regardless of differing social classes. Cultural content has developed since the beginning of culture itself, and education related to this content is crucial as it can improve public perspectives. However, many culturally alienated groups still exist due to financial difficulties, disabilities, or living in remote areas, and they lack fair opportunities to enjoy culture and art. The polarization between these groups and culturally-benefited classes continues to increase. Outreach programs have been conducted by museums and galleries as ‘visiting classes’ for those who find it difficult to visit traditional venues. Using Dewey’s educational philosophy and four different case studies, this study provides an in-depth examination of outreach programs and suggests a model for Asian countries by focusing on South Korea. The findings seek to aid ongoing educational efforts to create long-term effects for the public’s benefit.

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