Antimicrobial Potential of Leaf Extracts of Ginkgo biloba L., Growing in Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sati ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Lok Man S. Palni
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. and its Antibiotic Potential Against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Global Environmental

Based on the global environmental pollution problems, the main focus of every nano-research is to produce the nanomaterial in a green and eco-friendly way without any interference of chemical synthesis. By the way, the present study was intended to use an aqueous extract of the living fossil plant viz., Ginkgo biloba L., to synthesize the gold nanoparticles and evaluate their antibiotic activity against bacterial pathogens. The gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were successfully synthesized by mixing the Ginkgo biloba aqueous extract and the auric chloride solution for approximately 24 hours. The UV-Vis spectra of Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) showed the maximum absorption peak at 520nm. The SEM analysis also showed the gold nanoparticles synthesized from Ginkgo biloba were spherical with particle size ranging from 40 to 60nm. During our study, the gold nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens, i.e., E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. The later bacterium was found to be more susceptible to the nanoparticles as well as the extracts of G. biloba in comparison to the former bacterium.

Alleviation of Simvastatin-Induced Myopathy in Rats by the Standardized Extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGb761): Insights into the Mechanisms of Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Amany R. Mahmoud ◽  
Esam Omar Kamel ◽  
Marwa A. Ahmed ◽  
Esraa A. Ahmed ◽  
Tarek Hamdy Abd-Elhamid
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Statins are the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Statin-induced myopathy is the major side effect of this class of drugs. Here, we studied whether standardized leaf extracts of ginkgo biloba (EGb761) would improve simvastatin (SIM)-induced muscle changes. Sixty Wistar rats were allotted into six groups: control group, vehicle group receiving 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 30 days, SIM group receiving 80 mg/kg/day SIM in 0.5% CMC orally for 30 days, SIM withdrawal group treated with SIM for 16 days and sacrificed 14 days later, and EGb761-100 and EGb761-200 groups posttreated with either 100 or 200 mg/kg/day EGb761 orally. Muscle performance on the rotarod, serum creatine kinase (CK), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), serum and muscle nitrite, muscle malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were estimated. Additionally, muscle samples were processed for histopathological evaluation. We found that SIM decreased muscle performance on the rotarod, serum CoQ10, as well as muscle SOD and CAT activities while it increased serum CK, serum and muscle nitrite, as well as muscle MDA levels. SIM also induced sarcoplasmic vacuolation, splitting of myofibers, disorganization of sarcomeres, and disintegration of myofilaments. In contrast, posttreatment with EGb761 increased muscle performance, serum CoQ10, as well as muscle SOD and CAT activities while it reduced serum CK as well as serum and muscle nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, EGb761 reversed SIM-induced histopathological changes with better results obtained by its higher dose. Interestingly, SIM withdrawal increased muscle performance on the rotarod, reduce serum CK and CoQ10, and reduced serum and muscle nitrite while it reversed SIM-induced histopathological changes. However, SIM withdrawal was not effective enough to restore their normal values. Additionally, SIM withdrawal did not improve SIM-induce muscle MDA, SOD, or CAT activities during the period studied. Our results suggest that EGb761 posttreatment reversed SIM-induces muscle changes possibly through its antioxidant effects, elevation of CoQ10 levels, and antagonizing mitochondrial damage.

scholarly journals Properties of Ginkgo biloba L.: Antioxidant Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, and Genomic MicroRNA Based Marker Fingerprints

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Ražná ◽  
Zuzanna Sawinska ◽  
Eva Ivanišová ◽  
Nenad Vukovic ◽  
Margarita Terentjeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Antioxidant Power

The aim of this study was to characterize extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. from selected Slovakian localities in terms of the content of bioactive constituents, antioxidants and their antimicrobial properties. The results indicated that the content of antioxidants was sample-specific, and this specificity was statistically significant. Ginkgo biloba L. from the locality of Košice had the best activity determined by the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) (1.545 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g fresh matter (FM)) as well as the molybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (35.485 mg TEAC/g FM) methods. The highest content of total polyphenols (2.803 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g FM) and flavonoids (4.649 μg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g FM) was also detected in this sample. All samples of G. biloba leaf extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against one or more of the examined bacterial species, and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CCM 2461 was found to be the most susceptible (minimal inhibition concentration MIC50 and MIC90 values of 64.2 and 72.2 µg/mL, respectively). Based on the results it was concluded that Ginkgo biloba L. extracts can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant additives. Selected miRNA-based molecular markers were used to examine the environmental adaptability of Ginkgo biloba L. An almost-complete genotype clustering pattern based on locality was determined in the analysis that involved a species-specific gb-miR5261 marker. Morphologically specific exemplar, cv. Ohatsuki, was excluded.

scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extract Protects HepG2 Cells Against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia M. Silva ◽  
Sandra C. Silva ◽  
Jorge P. Soares ◽  
Carlos Martins-Gomes ◽  
João Paulo Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf

Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts and herbal infusions are used worldwide due to the health benefits that are attributed to its use, including anti-neoplastic, anti-aging, neuro-protection, antioxidant and others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an aqueous Ginkgo biloba extract on HepG2 cell viability, genotoxicity and DNA protection against paraquat-induced oxidative damage. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), over 24 h incubation at 1.0 and 1.5 µM, did not significantly reduce cell viability but induced concentration and time-dependent oxidative DNA damage. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 540.8 ± 40.5 µg/mL at 24 h exposure), and short incubations (1 h) produced basal and oxidative DNA damage (>750 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively). However, lower concentrations (e.g., 75 µg/mL) of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract were not cytotoxic and reduced basal DNA damage, indicating a protective effect at incubations up to 4 h. On the other hand, longer incubations (24 h) induced oxidative DNA damage. Co-incubation of HepG2 cells for 4 h, with G. biloba leaf extract (75 µg/mL) and PQ (1.0 or 1.5 µM) significantly reduced PQ-induced oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, the consumption of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract for long periods at high doses/concentrations is potentially toxic; however, low doses protect the cells against basal oxidative damage and against environmentally derived toxicants that induce oxidative DNA damage.

Qualitative categorization of supplement grade Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts for authenticity

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Chandra ◽  
Yingqin Li ◽  
Jatinder Rana ◽  
Kathryn Persons ◽  
Chung Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf

scholarly journals Secondary metabolites and the antimicrobial potential of five differentColeusspecies in response to salinity stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kotagiri ◽  
Shaik Khasim Beebi ◽  
Kolluru Viswanatha Chaitanya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Novel Drugs

AbstractSalinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects the growth and productivity of plants. The presence of soluble salts at high concentration near the root system restricts the uptake of water by plants. Plants grown under saline conditions possess higher amounts of secondary metabolites compared with those grown under normal conditions. The use of traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases is increasing day by day throughout the world. Developing novel drugs with antimicrobial potential from the source of medicinal plants is receiving attention to replace the use of synthetic drugs and to combat the growth of multi-drug resistant strains. Thus screening of medicinal plant extracts is carried out to evaluate their antimicrobial potency. The present study aimed at determining the secondary metabolites and antimicrobial potential of leaf, stem and root ethanol and chloroform extracts of five differentColeusspecies;C.aromaticus, C.amboinicus, Cbarbatus, C.forskohliiandC.zeylanicussubjected to salinity stress. The up regulation in the content of plant bioactive compounds along with the antimicrobial activities of ethanol and chloroform extracts under the influence of salinity stress have been observed during the study inColeus.The leaf, stem and root extracts of all the fiveColeusspecies showed good antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic strains. The leaf extracts ofColeusshowed higher inhibitory activity compared to the stem and root extracts. Ethanol extracts showed higher anti-microbial activity ranging from 1.5-100 mg/ml compared with the chloroform extracts ranging from 0.97-250 mg/ml respectively. The study revealed that the increased antimicrobial activity with increasing salinity might be due to the up regulation of secondary metabolites. The leaf, stem and root extracts ofColeusshowed effective antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic strains even under saline conditions is due to the up regulation of secondary metabolites which provides a scope of developing novel drugs to treat infectious diseases.

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