scholarly journals Secondary metabolites and the antimicrobial potential of five differentColeusspecies in response to salinity stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kotagiri ◽  
Shaik Khasim Beebi ◽  
Kolluru Viswanatha Chaitanya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Novel Drugs

AbstractSalinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects the growth and productivity of plants. The presence of soluble salts at high concentration near the root system restricts the uptake of water by plants. Plants grown under saline conditions possess higher amounts of secondary metabolites compared with those grown under normal conditions. The use of traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases is increasing day by day throughout the world. Developing novel drugs with antimicrobial potential from the source of medicinal plants is receiving attention to replace the use of synthetic drugs and to combat the growth of multi-drug resistant strains. Thus screening of medicinal plant extracts is carried out to evaluate their antimicrobial potency. The present study aimed at determining the secondary metabolites and antimicrobial potential of leaf, stem and root ethanol and chloroform extracts of five differentColeusspecies;C.aromaticus, C.amboinicus, Cbarbatus, C.forskohliiandC.zeylanicussubjected to salinity stress. The up regulation in the content of plant bioactive compounds along with the antimicrobial activities of ethanol and chloroform extracts under the influence of salinity stress have been observed during the study inColeus.The leaf, stem and root extracts of all the fiveColeusspecies showed good antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic strains. The leaf extracts ofColeusshowed higher inhibitory activity compared to the stem and root extracts. Ethanol extracts showed higher anti-microbial activity ranging from 1.5-100 mg/ml compared with the chloroform extracts ranging from 0.97-250 mg/ml respectively. The study revealed that the increased antimicrobial activity with increasing salinity might be due to the up regulation of secondary metabolites. The leaf, stem and root extracts ofColeusshowed effective antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic strains even under saline conditions is due to the up regulation of secondary metabolites which provides a scope of developing novel drugs to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of leaf and root extracts of tough lovegrass

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Favaretto ◽  
Fabiana Tonial ◽  
Charise Dallazem Bertol ◽  
Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Xanthomonas Translucens ◽  
Microdilution Broth

This study aimed to evaluate tough lovegrass leaf and root extracts antimicrobial activity. The extracts (plant material: solvent, 1:10) were prepared by maceration with methanol:water (1:1) during ten days followed by a concentration in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The extracts were resuspended in water containing 1% of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg/mL and then filtered through a sterilizing membrane with 0.22μm. The antibacterial activity of the leaf and root extracts were evaluated against pathogenic and phytopathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods for the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determination. The antifungal activity of tough lovegrass leaf and root extracts were evaluated by micelial growth inhibition and conidial germination inhibition. The extracts presented low antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Xanthomonas translucens, but the leaf extracts presented significant antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera tritici-repentis. The results support the continuity of the study in improving the effectiveness of the active extract for a possible use in pharmacology and agronomy and in attempting to determine the probable active antimicrobial compound.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytes from Datura metel Linn.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Madhu Priya M. ◽  
P. Agastian Simiyon Theoder
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Novel Products ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Endophytes are a suite of microorganisms that grow in the tissues of higher plants. Endophytes constitute a valuable source of secondary metabolites for the discovery of new potential therapeutic drugs.  Endophytes can have many effects on their host such as enhancement of stress, insect and disease resistance, and herbicide activities when in association with their host plant. The present study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi (both extra and intracellular) and actinomycete from the stem and root of Datura metel L. The crude extract of these endophytic isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential. Among the endophytes, the extracellular fungal extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to intracellular fungi and actinomycetes. The studies and isolation of these compounds can be used as a good approach to search of novel products.

Plant-Derived Natural Alkaloids as New Antimicrobial and Adjuvant Agents in Existing Antimicrobial Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1409-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Pal Mittal ◽  
Vikas Jaitak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Death Causes

Infectious diseases, instigated by pathogenic microorganisms are the cause of numerous health problems in developing countries. Infectious diseases got a place in the list of top ten death causes worldwide. The reason behind that level of severity is antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance makes the antimicrobial agents useless when used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Microbes have very smartly achieved resistance against synthetic and semi-synthetic antimicrobial agents for their survival. Therefore, the handling of these diseases has become challenging. The resistance developing power is the reason for their existence since a million years. Due to their highly dangerous nature, proper treatment of infectious diseases has become a topic of concern. This leads the scientists or researchers to focus their research towards natural agents. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites to cope up with biotic and abiotic changes in the environment. Alkaloids are one of the secondary metabolites, synthesized by plants. Alkaloids protect the plant from predators and help them to fight with pathogens. The protecting nature of alkaloids can be used as a strong weapon in battle with resistant microorganisms. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the antimicrobial activity of alkaloids obtained from different plants and their combination with synthetic antimicrobials. Their mechanism of action against microorganisms is also given in the review.

SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA AND ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (08) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Jambuwant A. Kadam ◽  
Mahesh A Karale ◽  
Pushpa Karale
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Research Findings

The present work deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle from aqueous extract of Pergularia daemia as reducing agent and evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of synthesized green nanoparticles (GNPs). The synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were characterized by UltravioletVisible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and high-resonance transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Visual observation showed that the color of the fresh leaf extracts of P. daemia turned into dark brown after incubation of 24 h with Ag precursors. The TEM analysis showed that nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the size was found to be in the range of 7-22 nm. The green synthesized nanoparticles showed concentration dependent (25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) noteworthy antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis with ciprofloxacin as a standard. Research findings conclude that GNPs possess superior antimicrobial potential and it is a new option to combat antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Components and Bioactivity of Ipomoea batatas (L.) (Sweet Potato) Ethanolic Leaf Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽  
M. A. Yusuf-Babatunde ◽  
Oladele, Olasumbo Fasila
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Sweet potato (SP) popularly known as Ipomoea batatas, has played an important role as an energy and a phytochemical source in human nutrition and animal feeding as well as herbal medicine to treat inflammatory and infectious oral diseases in Nigeria. This research aims to evaluate the secondary metabolites (phytochemical), antioxidants and antimicrobial activities as well as proximate analysis and to determine the minerals content of sweet potato ethanolic leaf extracts. The screenings were performed for triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic acids. The color intensity of the precipitate formation was used as analytical responses to these tests. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated and antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of secondary metabolites. Alkaloids, saponin, cardiac glycosides, tannin, terpenoidand steriod respectively with the following values 13.649%, 2.545 mg/g, 8.271 mg/g, 4.726 mg/g, 6.888 mg/g and 0.276%. Flavonoids were 0.852 while negative results were obtained for phlobatannin and anthraquinone. Proximate analysis of SP leaf, moisture content(MC), crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP),ash content (ASH), cured fat (CFAT) and carbohydrate(CHO) as 32.98%, 0.725%, 14.953%, 5.863%, 0.319% and 45.16%, respectively. Ca, Mg, Fe, Na and K were the mineral contents determined for SP. The zones of inhibition of bacterial growth at different concentrations (100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml) of SP leaf extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity to Salmonella typhi with 25 mm zones of inhibition at 100 mg/ml and lowest activity to Listeria monocytogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa all with 20 mm zones of inhibition and 12.5 mg/ml. However, the leaf extracts had the lowest antimicrobial activity to Enterrococcus faecalis, with 7 mm diameter. SP leaves demonstrated the presence of secondary metabolites with potential biological activities. Therefore it can be concluded that bioactive components and antimicrobial activity of sweet potato leaf ethanol extract against bacteria show its medicinal value and supports the widespread use of the plant as local remedy for a variety of ailment.

Antimicrobial Activity of the Seed Kernel and Leaf Extracts of Mangifera indica L. (Fam. Anacardiaceae) Against Escherichia coli

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADC Abergas ◽  
MCQ Aleria ◽  
ZJS Alimagno ◽  
KNC Batac ◽  
AFM De Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Mechanisms involved in effects of antimicrobial peptides, bactenectins ChBac3.4, ChBac5, and mini-ChBac7.5Nb, on bacterial cells

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
О.В. Шамова ◽  
М.С. Жаркова ◽  
П.М. Копейкин ◽  
Д.С. Орлов ◽  
Е.А. Корнева
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) системы врожденного иммунитета - соединения, играющие важную роль в патогенезе инфекционных заболеваний, так как обладают свойством инактивировать широкий спектр патогенных бактерий, обеспечивая противомикробную защиту живых организмов. В настоящее время АМП рассматриваются как потенциальные соединения-корректоры инфекционной патологии, вызываемой антибиотикорезистентными бактериями (АБР). Цель данной работы состояла в изученим механизмов антибактериального действия трех пептидов, принадлежащих к семейству бактенецинов - ChBac3.4, ChBac5 и mini-ChBac7.5Nb. Эти химически синтезированные пептиды являются аналогами природных пролин-богатых АМП, обнаруженных в лейкоцитах домашней козы Capra hircus и проявляющих высокую антимикробную активность, в том числе и в отношении грамотрицательных АБР. Методы. Минимальные ингибирующие и минимальные бактерицидные концентрации пептидов (МИК и МБК) определяли методом серийных разведений в жидкой питательной среде с последующим высевом на плотную питательную среду. Эффекты пептидов на проницаемость цитоплазматической мембраны бактерий для хромогенного маркера исследовали с использованием генетически модифицированного штамма Escherichia coli ML35p. Действие бактенецинов на метаболическую активность бактерий изучали с применением маркера резазурина. Результаты. Показано, что все исследованные пептиды проявляют высокую антимикробную активность в отношении Escherichia coli ML35p и антибиотикоустойчивых штаммов Escherichia coli ESBL и Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro, но их действие на бактериальные клетки разное. Использован комплекс методик, позволяющих наблюдать в режиме реального времени динамику действия бактенецинов в различных концентрациях (включая их МИК и МБК) на барьерную функцию цитоплазматической мембраны и на интенсивность метаболизма бактериальных клеток, что дало возможность выявить различия в характере воздействия бактенецинов, отличающихся по структуре молекулы, на исследуемые микроорганизмы. Установлено, что действие каждого из трех исследованных бактенецинов в бактерицидных концентрациях отличается по эффективности нарушения целостности бактериальных мембран и в скорости подавления метаболизма клеток. Заключение. Полученная информация дополнит существующие фундаментальные представления о механизмах действия пролин-богатых пептидов врожденного иммунитета, а также послужит основой для биотехнологических исследований, направленных на разработку на базе этих соединений новых антибиотических препаратов для коррекции инфекционных заболеваний, вызываемых АБР и являющимися причинами тяжелых внутрибольничных инфекций. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immunity are compounds that play an important role in pathogenesis of infectious diseases due to their ability to inactivate a broad array of pathogenic bacteria, thereby providing anti-microbial host defense. AMPs are currently considered promising compounds for treatment of infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms of the antibacterial action of three peptides from the bactenecin family, ChBac3.4, ChBac5, and mini-ChBac7.5Nb. These chemically synthesized peptides are analogues of natural proline-rich AMPs previously discovered by the authors of the present study in leukocytes of the domestic goat, Capra hircus. These peptides exhibit a high antimicrobial activity, in particular, against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Methods. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the peptides (MIC and MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution assay followed by subculturing on agar plates. Effects of the AMPs on bacterial cytoplasmic membrane permeability for a chromogenic marker were explored using a genetically modified strain, Escherichia coli ML35p. The effect of bactenecins on bacterial metabolic activity was studied using a resazurin marker. Results. All the studied peptides showed a high in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ML35p and antibiotic-resistant strains, Escherichia coli ESBL and Acinetobacter baumannii, but differed in features of their action on bacterial cells. The used combination of techniques allowed the real-time monitoring of effects of bactenecin at different concentrations (including their MIC and MBC) on the cell membrane barrier function and metabolic activity of bacteria. The differences in effects of these three structurally different bactenecins on the studied microorganisms implied that these peptides at bactericidal concentrations differed in their capability for disintegrating bacterial cell membranes and rate of inhibiting bacterial metabolism. Conclusion. The obtained information will supplement the existing basic concepts on mechanisms involved in effects of proline-rich peptides of the innate immunity. This information will also stimulate biotechnological research aimed at development of new antibiotics for treatment of infectious diseases, such as severe in-hospital infections, caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽  
Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽  
Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽  
Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽  
Hameda A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

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