Italian adaptation of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS): psychometric properties and prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among an Italian sample

Abstract Purpose Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is described as an extreme level of preoccupation around healthy eating, accompanied by restrictive eating behaviors. During the years, different assessment instruments have been developed. The aim of the study is to adapt into Italian the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS) and to test its psychometric properties. Method A total sample of 422 volunteer university students (mean age = 20.70 ± 3.44, women 71.8%) completed a group of self-report questionnaires in large group sessions during their lecture time. The scales assessed ON (the I-DOS and the Orhto-15), disordered eating (Disordered Eating Questionnaire, DEQ), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II), obsessive and compulsive symptoms (Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R), and self-reported height and weight. Results The fit of the unidimensional structure and reliability of the I-DOS was tested trough Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as its criterion validity computing correlation coefficients among Ortho-15, DEQ, BDI-II, OCI-R, BMI. Analyses confirmed the unidimensional structure of the I-DOS with acceptable or great fit indices (CFI = 0.984; TLI = 0.978; SRMR = 0.043; RMSEA = 0.076) and the strong internal consistency (α = 0.888). The correlations path supported the criterion validity of the scale. The estimated total prevalence of both ON and ON risk was 8.1%. Conclusions This 10-item scale appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess orthorexic behaviors and attitudes. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.

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Italian Adaptation of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS): Psychometric Properties and Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa Among an Italian Sample.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-634783/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Cerolini ◽

Mariacarolina Vacca ◽

Andrea Zagaria ◽

Lorenzo Maria Donini ◽

Claudio Barbaranelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Total Sample ◽

Criterion Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Unidimensional Structure

Abstract Purpose: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is described as an extreme level of preoccupation around healthy eating, accompanied by restrictive eating behaviors. During the years different assessment instruments have been developed. The aim of the study is to adapt into Italian the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS) and to test its psychometric properties. Method. A total sample of 422 volunteer university students (mean age = 20.70 ± 3.44, women 71.8%) completed a group of self-report questionnaires in large group sessions during their lecture time. The scales assessed ON (the I-DOS and the Orhto-15), disordered eating (Disordered Eating Questionnaire, DEQ), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II), obsessive and compulsive symptoms (Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R) and self-reported height and weight. Results: The fit of the unidimensional structure and reliability of the I-DOS was tested trough Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as its criterion validity computing correlation coefficients among Ortho-15, DEQ, BDI-II, OCI-R, BMI. Analyses confirmed the unidimensional structure of the I-DOS with acceptable or great fit indices (CFI = 0,984; TLI = 0,978; SRMR = 0.043; RMSEA = 0.076) and the strong internal consistency (α = .888). The Correlations path supported the criterion validity of the scale. The estimated prevalence of ON and ON risk was 8.1%.Conclusions: This 10-items scale appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess orthorexic behaviors and attitudes.

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The role of rash-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and reward drive in comorbid disordered eating and substance use disorders

Advances in Dual Diagnosis ◽

10.1108/add-01-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Merinuk ◽

Stephanie C. Varcoe ◽

Peter J. Kelly ◽

Laura D. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Emotional Dysregulation ◽

Self Report ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

The Relationship

Purpose Substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occurs with other psychological conditions, such as eating disorders (EDs). Psychological factors such as emotional dysregulation, rash impulsivity (RI) and reward sensitivity (RS) play a role in the etiology of each disorder, yet little is known about the combined effects of these on comorbid SUDs and EDs or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aims to examine the role of these psychological factors in comorbid DEBs and SUDs among individuals in treatment for SUDs. The role of gender is tested as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional self-report survey was completed by 131 participants attending Australian residential substance use treatment centres. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of emotional dysregulation, RI and RS on comorbid DEB and SUD. Further, moderation analyses were used to examine the moderating effect for gender on the relationship between these three personality variables and comorbidity. Findings The most commonly reported primary substance of use was alcohol (43.5%), followed by amphetamines (38.6%). Findings showed that emotional dysregulation and RI were significantly related to an increase in comorbidity likelihood; however, RS was not. Gender moderated the relationship between comorbidity and RI only. Originality/value The significant positive relationship found between RI and comorbidity for females only was a novel finding for the current study. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the etiology of comorbidity.

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Orthorexia nervosa and disordered eating attitudes among Lebanese adults: Assessing psychometric proprieties of the ORTO-R in a population-based sample

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0254948

Author(s):

Souheil Hallit ◽

Anna Brytek-Matera ◽

Sahar Obeid

Keyword(s):

Disordered Eating ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Population Based ◽

Eating Attitudes ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Arabic Version ◽

Mean Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eat 26 ◽

Disordered Eating Attitudes

Background Previous research demonstrated a relationship between ON and disordered eating symptoms (eating concern, restraint, cognitive preoccupations about body shape and weight) and disordered eating attitudes (DEA). Since screening for orthorexia nervosa is now part of clinical practice, the measurement instruments to be used must be clinically significant, reliable, valid and sensitive to our target population. The main objective of the present study was to confirm the factor structure of the Arabic version of the ORTO-R using a first sample of Lebanese adults and confirm those results on another sample. The secondary objective was to assess sex differences in terms of ON and DEA, as well as to examine whether symptoms of ON were related to DEA in Lebanese adults. Methods A total of 783 Lebanese adults was selected to participate in this cross-sectional study (January-May 2018) using a proportionate random sample from all Lebanese governorates. Results The mean age of the total sample was 27.78 ± 11.60 years (Min. 18 –Max. 84) (33.5% females) and their mean BMI was 24.36 ± 5.31 kg/m2. All items of the ORTO-R were extracted during the factor analysis and yielded a two-factor solution with Eigenvalues > 1 (variance explained = 50.07%; KMO = 0.570; Bartlett’s sphericity test p<0.001; αCronbach = 0.755). This factor structure was confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis; the Maximum Likelihood Chi-Square = 26.894 and Degrees of Freedom = 8, which gave a χ2/df = 3.36. The Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) value was 0.914, whereas the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) value was 0.032. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value was 0.077 [95% CI 0.046–0.111] (pclose = 0.07) and comparative fit index (CFI) value was 0.967 respectively, indicating a good fit of the model. There was also no measurement invariance between genders. Female gender was significantly associated with lower ORTO-R scores (more orthorexia nervosa) compared to males (B = -0.65; p = 0.026, 95% CI -1.22- -0.08; ɳ2 = 0.006). However, no significant difference was found between genders in terms of EAT-26 scores (B = 0.23; p = 0.813, 95% CI -1.66–2.12; ɳ2 = 0.0001). Higher ORTO-R scores (lower/ less pathological ON tendencies and behaviors) were significantly related to higher EAT-26 total scores (higher levels of DEA) as well as higher dieting, bulimia and oral control scores in both females (from a weak to a moderate positive correlation) and males (a weak positive correlation). Conclusion This cross-sectional population-based study confirmed the factor structure of the Arabic version of the ORTO-R, demonstrated an association between ON and DEA and revealed more ON among females compared to males.

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EVALUATION OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN SCALE KNOWLEDGE

Coluna/Columna ◽

10.1590/s1808-185120191802195408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 130-133

Author(s):

Marcos Antônio Ribeiro de Menezes Lopes ◽

Maurício Alcântara Angelim ◽

Davi Dominguez Sousa

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Somatosensory System ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Method Of Evaluation

ABSTRACT Objectives: Neuropathic pain (ND) is defined as “one that results from injury or disease that directly affects the somatosensory system”, differing from other types of pain in terms of symptoms, mechanisms and therapeutics, being the early diagnosis prerequisite for the appropriate management. Pain evaluation scales are very useful in clinical diagnosis. It is critical that orthopedic doctors are familiar with such tools. The objective was to evaluate whether the orthopedic physicians in Salvador know the tools of evaluation and clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain (ND), as well as to determine which method of evaluation of ND is most used in their clinical practice. Methods: Data were analyzed from 74 orthopedic physicians working in the city of Salvador, who were interviewed from January to November 2017. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of subjective and objective questions and analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software. Results: Among the interviewed physicians, 41.9% knew some of the scales and, of these, 64.5% used in their clinical practice, being 70.3% of the total sample. The LANSS scale was used by 25.8% of the physicians in their practice as a tool to diagnose neuropathic pain, 22.6% used DN4 and 35.5% did not use any. Conclusions: The orthopedic physicians know little about the tools of evaluation and diagnosis of neuropathic pain and those with greater time of activity know less these tools than those who have less time. Many who know the tools do not use them in their clinical practice. LANSS and DN4 are the most commonly used scales. Level of Evidence III; Cross Sectional Study.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6497

Author(s):

Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽

Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽

Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽

Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽

Suiany Dias Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Total Sample ◽

Population Based ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

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Academic Expectations of Stress Inventory: A Psychometric Evaluation of Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11111208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1208

Author(s):

Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad ◽

Morteza Charkhabi ◽

Zahra Fadaei ◽

Julien S. Baker ◽

Frederic Dutheil

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Total Sample ◽

Academic Expectations ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persian Version ◽

Stress Inventory

This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Academic Expectations of Stress Inventory (AESI) in terms of validity and reliability measurements among Persian students. A total sample of 620 high-school students (nfemale = 328, nmale = 292) was recruited to complete scales on academic expectations of stress, self-efficacy, and depression. The AESI was translated from English to Persian and its translation was further checked by three experts. We used a cross-sectional research design to collect data. The results approved the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent, and construct validity of the ASEI. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the AESI, including the expectation of self and the expectations of parents/teachers. AESI was related to depression and self-efficacy in an empirically and theoretically expected direction. Moreover, configural and metric invariance were supported by gifted vs. non-gifted groups, but not scalar. No invariance was supported by gender groups. In conclusion, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the AESI were confirmed to be used for educational, clinical, and research purposes in Iran.

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The effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model variables on Orthorexia Nervosa behaviors of pregnant women

10.21203/rs.3.rs-332222/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayşe Taştekin Ouyaba ◽

Pınar Çiçekoğlu Öztürk

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Stress Test ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

University Hospital ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Skills

Abstract Purpose This study aims to test the effect of the components of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model on Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) behavior of pregnant women and health outcomes using a hypothetical model. Methods The study is cross-sectional research and was carried out with 350 pregnant women who had the Non-Stress Test in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the structural equation model.Results It was found that 26.6% of pregnant women had an ON tendency. Higher levels of information on healthy eating cause more ON behaviors (β=-0.25, p<.001). The higher motivation for healthy eating (β=0.71, p<.001) and a higher tendency to ON behaviors (β=-0.18, p=.001) are associated with better health outcomes.Conclusion Our findings show that high levels of information and motivation about healthy eating affect ON tendency and health outcomes. The findings are significant in that they lead and guide the interventions for the detection, prevention, and treatment of ON during pregnancy.Level of Evidence: Level V, cross-sectional study

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Associations between inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms and disordered eating risk in a community sample of young adults

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720004638 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

E. Martin ◽

C. T. Dourish ◽

R. Hook ◽

S. R. Chamberlain ◽

S. Higgs

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Risk Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third ◽

Trait Impulsivity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and trait impulsivity have been associated with disordered eating but are seldom assessed in community studies, or longitudinally and little is known about the mediating mechanisms. Methods We tested associations between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating cross-sectionally and between trait impulsivity and disordered eating longitudinally. We utilised data from a normative cohort of young adults (642 participants: 65% female, Mage = 23 years). Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for disordered eating using the SCOFF instrument. In the first two steps of both cross-sectional and longitudinal hierarchical logistic regression models, demographics and covariates were entered. For the cross-sectional regression, Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) scores, separated into inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, were entered in the third step. In a separate longitudinal model, Barratt impulsivity scale subscales (attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity) were entered in the third step. Depression, as assessed by the moods and feelings questionnaire (MFQ), was examined as a mediator. Results Cross-sectionally, sex, MFQ score and inattentive symptoms predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 20%). Longitudinally, sex, MFQ score and attentional impulsivity predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 16%). The relationship between inattentive symptoms and the disordered eating risk was partially mediated by MFQ score, whereas the relationship between attentional impulsivity and the disordered eating risk was fully mediated by MFQ scores. Conclusions These data highlight (1) a specific role for inattentive symptoms of ADHD and (2) the importance of both depression and impulsivity in predicting eating disorder risk.

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Adaptation and validation of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale into Spanish

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733019864162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 1201-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

María Dolores Onieva-Zafra ◽

Juan José Fernández-Muñoz ◽

María Laura Parra-Fernandez ◽

Cristina Romero-Blanco ◽

Elia Fernández-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Data Collection ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Initial Structure ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Background Considering the extensive debate that is currently taking place in Spain regarding euthanasia, it is important to examine the attitude of professionals who perform most of their duties at the bedside of these patients and their families. Objectives The aim of the present study was to present an adaptation and validation of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties among a sample of nursing students in Spain. Research design A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Participants and research context Non-probabilistic sampling was used to recruit 396 Spanish nursing students. Methods A self-report questionnaire, including socio-demographic data and the Euthanasia Attitude Scale, were used for data collection. The psychometric properties of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale were assessed, including reliability and validity. Fit indices of the overall model were computed. Ethical considerations This study was approved by the Hospital Ethical Committee. Students were informed of the aims and procedures and provided written informed consent prior to data collection. Results The factorial solution comprised four domains and the scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .878). For the exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index of sampling adequacy was .905 and the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was 2972.79 (p < .001). The initial factorial solution revealed four factors with eigenvalues of 6.78 for the first factor, 1.90 for the second one, 1.29 for the third, and 1.10 for the fourth factor. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between religiosity and the domains of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale. Discussion This study obtained a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .88 which is in consonance with the findings reported by other studies whereby none of the items were removed and the initial structure based on four domains was conserved, with a factorial solution that explains 52.79% of the total variance. The displacement of some items of the domain may be explained by certain religious and/or cultural components as, in accordance with other studies, people with firm religious beliefs are more inclined to refuse euthanasia. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, the Euthanasia Attitude Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the attitudes toward euthanasia in a sample of Spanish nursing students. This Spanish adaptation will be valuable in future studies examining the attitude and implication of nurses, understanding that nurses are key figures in the euthanasia debate.

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Cross Sectional study of sleep quality among young undergraduate Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students with stress. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34127 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Al-Shenqiti

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

General Health ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Total Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students got disturbed sleep due to academic activities and clinical demands. In our study the relationship between the psychological stress and sleep quality could be useful to organize the mental health program in medical rehabilitation and applied medical colleges. OBJECTIVE The main goal is to evaluate and compare the sleep quality in medical students in various phases of their medical course in order to prevent the effect of stress during their study period. METHODS The effect of stress on sleep quality a cross sectional questionnaire-based study on 300 Medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students, were invited to participate from Taibah University. Among which 271 completed the forms fully irrespective of year of study. The instruments were self-report Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and Depression and anxiety scale were used in data collection. The results obtained from the instrument components were analyzed for the total sample including the male and female students. RESULTS 271 completed the forms and the results shown about the current study was 52.05% of the students have sleep quality fairly bad. In further, there was relationship between sleep quality, general health status of students and depression - anxiety status i.e., significant difference in coefficient correlation r = 0.532, p = 0.0001(p<=0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our study we concluded that most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students seem to be more exposed to poor quality of sleep disturbance. Which act as a barrier in examination performance Active interventions should be implemented to improve sleep hygiene, reduce depression and anxiety in medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students.

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