Phenological Changes of Soybean in Response to Climate Conditions in Frigid Region in China over the Past Decades

AbstractPlant phenology becoming a focus of current research worldwide is a sensitive indicator of global climate change. To understand observed soybean phenology and explore its climatic determinants in frigid region (Northeast China and northeast in Inner Mongolia), we studied the phenological changes of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for the frigid region during 1981–2017, then analyzed the contribution of major causal climate factors to phenology based on multiple stepwise regression. Altogether, the average temperature from sowing to maturity (WGP) was significant increasing, accumulated precipitation and sunshine hours were decreasing. More than 50% of observations showed delays in sowing, emergence and maturity stage and short durations of sowing to flowering (VGP), flowering to maturity (RGP) and sowing to maturity (WGP). The late sowing was getting the following phenological timing backward, but the flowering and maturity delaying trends were much less than that of sowing timing due to the warming accelerated growth of soybean. Detailed analysis indicated mean temperature and accumulated precipitation of the 1–3 months immediately preceding the mean emergence, flowering and maturity dates influenced the phenological timing in higher latitude areas (HLJ and FL), while in JL and LN, accumulated precipitation and sunshine hours(replacing mean temperature) were the climatic determinants. These results brought light the importance of research and policy to support strategies for adaptation to local condition under the climate change.

Download Full-text

Contrasting Evolution Patterns of Endorheic and Exorheic Lakes on the Central Tibetan Plateau and Climate Cause Analysis during 1988–2017

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1962

Author(s):

Zhilong Zhao ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Zengzeng Hu ◽

Xuanhua Nie

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Global Climate ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Lake Area ◽

Climate Change Research ◽

Mean Temperature

The alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are indicators of climate change. The assessment of lake dynamics on the TP is an important component of global climate change research. With a focus on lakes in the 33° N zone of the central TP, this study investigates the temporal evolution patterns of the lake areas of different types of lakes, i.e., non-glacier-fed endorheic lakes and non-glacier-fed exorheic lakes, during 1988–2017, and examines their relationship with changes in climatic factors. From 1988 to 2017, two endorheic lakes (Lake Yagenco and Lake Zhamcomaqiong) in the study area expanded significantly, i.e., by more than 50%. Over the same period, two exorheic lakes within the study area also exhibited spatio-temporal variability: Lake Gaeencuonama increased by 5.48%, and the change in Lake Zhamuco was not significant. The 2000s was a period of rapid expansion of both the closed lakes (endorheic lakes) and open lakes (exorheic lakes) in the study area. However, the endorheic lakes maintained the increase in lake area after the period of rapid expansion, while the exorheic lakes decreased after significant expansion. During 1988–2017, the annual mean temperature significantly increased at a rate of 0.04 °C/a, while the annual precipitation slightly increased at a rate of 2.23 mm/a. Furthermore, the annual precipitation significantly increased at a rate of 14.28 mm/a during 1995–2008. The results of this study demonstrate that the change in precipitation was responsible for the observed changes in the lake areas of the two exorheic lakes within the study area, while the changes in the lake areas of the two endorheic lakes were more sensitive to the annual mean temperature between 1988 and 2017. Given the importance of lakes to the TP, these are not trivial issues, and we now need accelerated research based on long-term and continuous remote sensing data.

Download Full-text

Synergistic impacts of global warming and thermohaline circulation collapse on amphibians

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01665-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julián A. Velasco ◽

Francisco Estrada ◽

Oscar Calderón-Bustamante ◽

Didier Swingedouw ◽

Carolina Ureta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Thermohaline Circulation ◽

Climate Model ◽

Global Climate ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Amphibian Species ◽

Climate Conditions

AbstractImpacts on ecosystems and biodiversity are a prominent area of research in climate change. However, little is known about the effects of abrupt climate change and climate catastrophes on them. The probability of occurrence of such events is largely unknown but the associated risks could be large enough to influence global climate policy. Amphibians are indicators of ecosystems’ health and particularly sensitive to novel climate conditions. Using state-of-the-art climate model simulations, we present a global assessment of the effects of unabated global warming and a collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on the distribution of 2509 amphibian species across six biogeographical realms and extinction risk categories. Global warming impacts are severe and strongly enhanced by additional and substantial AMOC weakening, showing tipping point behavior for many amphibian species. Further declines in climatically suitable areas are projected across multiple clades, and biogeographical regions. Species loss in regional assemblages is extensive across regions, with Neotropical, Nearctic and Palearctic regions being most affected. Results underline the need to expand existing knowledge about the consequences of climate catastrophes on human and natural systems to properly assess the risks of unabated warming and the benefits of active mitigation strategies.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Air Mean Temperature Anomalies by Using Horizontal Visibility Graphs

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23020207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Javier Gómez-Gómez ◽

Rafael Carmona-Cabezas ◽

Elena Sánchez-López ◽

Eduardo Gutiérrez de Ravé ◽

Francisco José Jiménez-Hornero

Keyword(s):

Complex Networks ◽

Global Climate ◽

Spatial Relation ◽

Clustering Coefficient ◽

Horizontal Visibility ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Intrinsic Nature ◽

Temperature Anomalies ◽

Mean Temperature

The last decades have been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface. An increasing interest in climate variability is appearing, and many research works have investigated the main effects on different climate variables. Some of them apply complex networks approaches to explore the spatial relation between distinct grid points or stations. In this work, the authors investigate whether topological properties change over several years. To this aim, we explore the application of the horizontal visibility graph (HVG) approach which maps a time series into a complex network. Data used in this study include a 60-year period of daily mean temperature anomalies in several stations over the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Average degree, degree distribution exponent, and global clustering coefficient were analyzed. Interestingly, results show that they agree on a lack of significant trends, unlike annual mean values of anomalies, which present a characteristic upward trend. The main conclusions obtained are that complex networks structures and nonlinear features, such as weak correlations, appear not to be affected by rising temperatures derived from global climate conditions. Furthermore, different locations present a similar behavior and the intrinsic nature of these signals seems to be well described by network parameters.

Download Full-text

Derivation Mathematical Equations for Future Calculation of Potential Evapotranspiration in Iraq, A Review of Application of Thornthwaite Evapotranspiration

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2019.60.5.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 1037-1048

Author(s):

Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Research Review ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Mean Temperature ◽

Mathematical Equations ◽

Two Parameters ◽

The Relationship

In any natural area or water body, evapotranspiration is one of the important outcomes in the water balance equation. As a significant method and depending on monthly average temperature, estimating of potential Evapotranspiration depending on Thornthwaite method was adopted in this research review. Estimate and discuss evapotranspiration by using Thornthwaite method is the main objectives of this research review with considerable details as well as compute potential evapotranspiration based on climatologically data obtained in Iraq. Temperature - evapotranspiration relationship can be estimated between those two parameters to reduce cost and time and facilitate calculation of water balance in lakes, river, and hydrogeological basins. The relationship was obtained using Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into seven sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where thirty two stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. The mean temperature has a decreasing pattern from southern east towards northern west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while corrected potential evapotranspiration has the opposite direction regarding increased value because of a direct relationship with temperature.

Download Full-text

FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Economic and social problems of Russia The digital economy Current state and prospects ◽

10.31249/espr/2021.01.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-65

Author(s):

Maria Polozhikhina ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Global Climate ◽

Point Of View ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

The Impact ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

Climate conditions remain one of the main risk factors for domestic agriculture, and the consequences of global climate change are ambiguous in terms of prospects for agricultural production in Russia. This paper analyzes the impact of climate change on the country’s food security from the point of view of its self-sufficiency in grain primarily. Specific conditions prevailing on the Crimean peninsula are also considered.

Download Full-text

International climate change negotiation: the role of Brazil

Sustentabilidade em Debate ◽

10.18472/sustdeb.v10n3.2019.2796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 379-395

Author(s):

Marcela Cardoso Guilles Da Conceição ◽

Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽

Fernanda Reis Cordeiro ◽

Fernando Vieira Cesário ◽

Gracie Verde Selva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

International Negotiation ◽

Climate Change Negotiations ◽

Essential Condition ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Social And Economic Development ◽

International Climate ◽

International Climate Change

The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere raises the average temperature of the planet, triggering problems that threaten the survival of humans. Protecting the global climate from the effects of climate change is an essential condition for sustaining life. For this reason, governments, scientists, and society are joining forces to propose better solutions that could well-rounded environmentally, social and economic development relationships. International climate change negotiations involve many countries in establishing strategies to mitigate the problem. Therefore, understanding international negotiation processes and how ratified agreements impact a country is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this paper is to systematize information about how climate negotiations have progressed, detailing key moments and results, analyzing the role that Brazil played in the course of these negotiations and the country’s future perspectives.

Download Full-text

Predicting Current Potential Distribution and the Range Dynamics of Pomacea canaliculata in China under Global Climate Change

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology11010110 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Yingxuan Yin ◽

Qing He ◽

Xiaowen Pan ◽

Qiyong Liu ◽

Yinjuan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Native Species ◽

Potential Distribution ◽

Global Climate ◽

Social Economy ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Pomacea Canaliculata ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Jackknife Test ◽

Recent Climate

Pomacea canaliculata is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world, which has significant effects and harm to native species, ecological environment, human health, and social economy. Climate change is one of the major causes of species range shifts. With recent climate change, the distribution of P. canaliculata has shifted northward. Understanding the potential distribution under current and future climate conditions will aid in the management of the risk of its invasion and spread. Here, we used species distribution modeling (SDM) methods to predict the potential distribution of P. canaliculata in China, and the jackknife test was used to assess the importance of environmental variables for modeling. Our study found that precipitation of the warmest quarter and maximum temperature in the coldest months played important roles in the distribution of P. canaliculata. With global warming, there will be a trend of expansion and northward movement in the future. This study could provide recommendations for the management and prevention of snail invasion and expansion.

Download Full-text

Impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants in estuarine organisms

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/61.4.641 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 641-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marie E. Delorenzo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Life Stage ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽

Estuarine Species ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to summarize responses that are specific to estuarine species. Estuarine organisms are uniquely adapted to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH, and yet future changes in climate may make them more susceptible to chemical contaminants. Recent research has highlighted the interactive effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on chemical uptake, metabolism, and organism survival. Assessments have revealed that the nature of the interaction between climate variables and chemical pollution will depend on estuarine species and life stage, duration and timing of exposure, prior stressor exposure, and contaminant class. A need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity under different abiotic conditions and to incorporate climate change factors into toxicity testing was identified. These efforts will improve environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants and management capabilities under changing climate conditions.

Download Full-text

Environmental Degradation, Tropical Diseases, and Economic Development

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.514 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John Luke Gallup

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Development ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Global Climate ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

It’s complicated. Tropical diseases have unusually intricate life cycles because most of them involve not only a human host and a pathogen, but also a vector host. The diseases are predominantly tropical due to their sensitivity to local ecology, usually due to the vector organism. The differences between the tropical diseases mean that they respond to environmental degradation in various ways that depend on local conditions. Urbanization and water pollution tend to limit malaria, but deforestation and dams can exacerbate malaria and schistosomiasis. Global climate change, the largest environmental change, will likely extend the range of tropical climate conditions to higher elevations and near the limits of the tropics, spreading some diseases, but will make other areas too dry or hot for the vectors. Nonetheless, the geographical range of tropical diseases will be primarily determined by public health efforts more than climate. Early predictions that malaria will spread widely because of climate change were flawed, and control efforts will probably cause it to diminish further. The impact of human disease on economic development is hard to pin down with confidence. It may be substantial, or it may be misattributed to other influences. A mechanism by which tropical disease may have large development consequences is its deleterious effects on the cognitive development of infants, which makes them less productive throughout their lives.

Download Full-text

Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2020/8886316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Dan-Dan Yu ◽

Shan Li ◽

Zhong-Yang Guo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Climate Index ◽

Climate Indices ◽

Climate Data ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Changing Climate

The evaluation of climate comfort for tourism can provide information for tourists selecting destinations and tourism operators. Understanding how climate conditions for tourism evolve is increasingly important for strategic tourism planning, particularly in rapidly developing tourism markets like China in a changing climate. Multidimensional climate indices are needed to evaluate climate for tourism, and previous studies in China have used the much criticized “climate index” with low resolution climate data. This study uses the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and daily data from 775 weather stations to examine interregional differences in the tourist climate comfortable period (TCCP) across China and summarizes the spatiotemporal evolution of TCCP from 1981 to 2010 in a changing climate. Overall, most areas in China have an “excellent” climate for tourism, such that tourists may visit anytime with many choices available. The TCCP in most regions shows an increasing trend, and China benefits more from positive effects of climate change in climatic conditions for tourism, especially in spring and autumn. These results can provide some scientific evidence for understanding human settlement environmental constructions and further contribute in improving local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.

Download Full-text