scholarly journals Compilation of Black Soldier Fly Frass Analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gärttling ◽  
Hannes Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

AbstractIn the context of black soldier fly (BSF) rearing, often the residues from production — mainly faeces but also undigested substrate — are addressed as frass in a broader sense. As BSF production is expanding, the valorization of BSF frass as organic fertilizer is gaining importance. However, in contrast to established organic fertilizers, little is known on the properties and variation of this by-product, which is essential for assessing possible application purposes. To elaborate a first overview on this relatively new waste stream, BSF frass analyses from the literature and anonymized frass analyses enquired from BSF producers were compiled. For a possible agricultural use as a fertilizer, their nutrient patterns were assessed. With a balanced nitrogen:phosphorous pentoxide:potassium oxide (N:P2O5:K2O) ratio of 1:0.9:1.1, BSF frass can be characterized as a slightly alkaline (pH 7.5), nutrient-rich compound fertilizer, with the nutrient and especially the micronutrient contents showing high variation. The comparably high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and low shares of ammonium nitrogen indicate a limited immediate nutrient release and point to possible applications of frass as a long-term fertilizer. The use of frass as an organic fertilizer as one element in a fertilization strategy is promising. By improving nutrient cycling back to the field, BSF frass can represent an important element of sustainable circular agriculture. However, more information on BSF feed and production systems needs to be combined with the nutrient analyses to better understand the variation in frass nutrient contents.

scholarly journals Assessment of the N- and P-Fertilization Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) By-Products on Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gärttling ◽  
Sascha M Kirchner ◽  
Hannes Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Protection Potential ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

Abstract To meet the growing demand for an alternative animal protein source, the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) industry is expanding. Thus, the valuation of its byproducts, foremost BSF frass, is getting more economic and ecological weight. Three different residues, BSF frass, larval skins, and dead adult flies, were compared with a mineral and an organic commercial fertilizer in a pot trial with maize (Zea mays L., [Poales: Poaceae]). byproducts were applied in three nutrient-based application rates (180; 215 kg N/ha; 75 kg P2O5/ha), and plant nutrients, physiological and yield parameters were measured at harvest date. Ground flies had the highest N-fertilizing effect of all byproducts, similar to commercial mineral and organic fertilizers used as controls, whereas its proportion of the BSF production systems’ output is low. Frass as the abundant byproduct showed comparably low N-fertilization effects. Its low N availability was attributed to volatilization losses, mainly driven by high pH and ammonium contents. BSF frass as the main byproduct output is more suited as a basic fertilizer or potting substrate amendment than as a short-term organic fertilizer. Postprocessing of frass seems reasonable. For a profound assessment of frass as fertilizer, several aspects (e.g., the overall impact of postprocessing, plant strengthening and plant protection potential, effects on microbial processes) must be clarified.

scholarly journals Conversion of Spent Coffee and Donuts by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae into Potential Resources for Animal and Plant Farming

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Hayden Fischer ◽  
Nicholas Romano ◽  
Amit Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Plant Farming

Nutritionally unbalanced organic waste can be converted into potential resources for animal and plant farming by culturing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) and prepupae (BSFP). BSFL and BSFP are rich sources of protein and lipids, while the leftover excrement called “frass” can be used as an organic fertilizer. Using readily available resources, BSFL were cultured on spent coffee, donut dough or an equal blend for 35 days. Survival, productivity, daily pupation and biochemical composition of BSFL and BSFP were measured along with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium values of the frass. Survival was highest in the blend compared (81%) to spent coffee (45%) or dough (24%); however, BSFL and BSFP were significantly longer and heavier from dough. Stage and food significantly influenced the protein, lipid and glycogen content of the BSFL and BSFP, which tended to be higher in the latter. While fatty acids were often significantly higher in BSFL fed spent coffee, the amino acid composition of BSFL was generally higher in dough. Frass from the blend had significantly highest nitrogen content, while potassium and phosphorus were significantly higher and lower from spent coffee, respectively. Although coffee and donut dough were suboptimal substrates for BSFL, a blend of these produced BSFL and frass that were nutritionally comparable to soybean meal and many organic fertilizers, respectively.

scholarly journals In situ nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release by soil amended with black soldier fly frass fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Beesigamukama ◽  
Benson Mochoge ◽  
Nicholas Korir ◽  
Changeh J. Ghemoh ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

AbstractAlthough black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) is effective on crop performance, information on nitrogen (N) mineralization and nutrient release capacity of soils amended with BSFFF is lacking. This study utilized field incubation experiments to investigate the ammonification, nitrification, microbial populations, and quantities of nutrients released by soils amended with BSFFF and commercial organic fertilizer (SAFI) for a period equivalent to two maize cropping seasons. For the control treatment, no BSFFF or SAFI was added. Results indicated that most of the N in BSFFF amended soils was available in the ammonium form, while soils treated with SAFI had higher nitrate concentration. The BSFFF amended soils experienced shorter net immobilization periods of N (30–60 days) compared to SAFI treated soils (60–95 days). Increased rates of mineralization (3–10 times) and nitrification (2–4 times) were observed in soils treated with BSFFF during the second season of application. The BSFFF treated soils showed significantly higher N, phosphorus, and magnesium release than the control. Repeated application of BSFFF led to increased N release by three-folds in the soil. Furthermore, soil amendment with BSFFF increased the populations of bacteria and fungi, reduced soil acidity, and increased phosphorus (two-folds) and magnesium (two–four-folds) release than SAFI treated soils. Our findings highlight the crucial role of BSFFF in improving soil health by addressing the challenges of soil acidity, phosphorus fixation and nutrient mining, which is characteristic of most tropical soils.

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Asal Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Ariyanti ◽  
Gita Natali ◽  
Cucu Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Palm Fronds

ABSTRACTThe growth response of oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) seedling toward the application of organic fertilizer from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizerThe research was aimed to study the influence between organic fertilizers from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizer to reduce NPK compound fertilizer in main nursery. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2017 at the Experiment Station Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design that arranged in factorial patterns with two factors and three replications. The fisrt factor was dosage of organic fertilizers from palm fronds consisted of three levels of 0 g/polybag, 800 g/polybag, and 1600 g/polybag and the second factor was dosage of NPK compound fertilizer consisted of four levels of 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/polybag, and 60 g/polybag. The result of the experiment showed that there was interaction effect between organic fertilizers from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizer on height of seedling and dry weight of the shoot. The dosage of 1600 g/polybag organic fertilizers from palm fronds with the dosage of 20 g/polybag NPK compound fertilizer showed the best result in dry weight of the shoot.Keywords: Oil palm seedling, Main nursery, Organic fertilizer, Palm frond, NPK compound fertilizerABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK yang baik untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk majemuk NPK di pembibitan utama kelapa sawit. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas , Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan pola faktorial yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama meliputi dosis pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 800 g/polybag, dan 1600 g/polybag dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk majemuk NPK yang terdiri empat taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/polybag, dan 60 g/polybag. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh interaksi pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK terhadap tinggi tanaman dan bobot kering tajuk. Perlakuan pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit 1600 g/bibit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK 20 g/bibit menghasilkan bobot kering tajuk bibit kelapa sawit terbaik.Kata Kunci: Bibit kelapa sawit, Pembibitan utama, Pupuk organik, Pelepah kelapa sawit, NPK

In-situ comparison of phosphorus losses between organic and inorganic fertilizers

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Xia ◽  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
Yucheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors of eutrophication. P added to soil from fertilizer application could pose a threat to water quality. According to agricultural habits, swine manure (SM), oil cake (OC), biogas slurry (BS), commercial organic fertilizer (OF) and compound fertilizer (CF) were selected to compare their P losses on a slope-land under natural rainfall. The results showed that P losses of above fertilizers had significant differences (P < 0.05) compared with control. P losses order arranged by Duncan test showed as total P (TP): SM > OF > OC > CF > BS > CK, total dissolved P (TDP): SM > OF > BS > CF > OC > CK, and particulate P (PP): OC > SM > OF > CF > BS > CK. Concentrations of all the phosphorus forms increased with the increased rainfall. The ratio of TDP to TP gradually decreased after fertilizer application, and PP gradually increased. PP was the dominant form in surface runoff. Organic fertilizers had more P losses than inorganic fertilizers, even though both of them had obvious P losses.

scholarly journals Farmer fertilization practices of mature rubber plantations in Northeast Thailand during a period of low rubber prices

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Supattra Kullawong ◽  
Satit Aditto ◽  
Bénédicte Chambon ◽  
Arunee Promkhambut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Individual Household

Since 2000, farmers in Northeast Thailand have planted more than 5,000 sq km of rubber on land previously devoted to agriculture. The expansion of rubber led to a significant increase in tree cover in Northeast Thailand. Rubber prices peaked in 2011 and since then farmers have had to adjust to lower prices. Little research has documented how farmers responded to low rubber prices. This paper seeks to describe how small-scale rubber farmers use fertilizer in a region that did not historically grow rubber during a period of low rubber prices. We collected data from structured interviews with 29 farmers in Subsomboon village in Khon Kaen province, Northeast Thailand. Most farmers reported that they reduced fertilizer costs by reducing the number of times they applied fertilizer, as well as changing to cheaper brands and/or using organic fertilizer. The majority of farmers still used large amounts of chemical fertilizers, either alone or in combination with commercial organic fertilizers with unknown nutrient contents. The N and P2O5 contents of the chemical fertilizer alone were consistent with national recommendations (82.0–137.6 kg N/ha/y and 33.3–97.7 kg P2O5/ha/y). Thai national recommendations for rubber, however, were developed for rubber plantations in traditional planting areas where rubber has been grown for over a century, and are considered by many experts to be high. The study’s findings indicated that small scale rubber farmers would benefit from recommendations for fertilizer applications that respond to variations in rubber prices, while taking into account the diversity of individual household characteristics and goals. To optimize recommendations that sustain the growth and yield of rubber, limit the effects of environmental externalities, and maintain rubber’s profitability, policymakers require detailed information on the diverse situations in which rubber is grown. This requires experimental research that tests a variety of fertilization practices under different biological and physical conditions.

scholarly journals Growing Medium Type Affects Organic Fertilizer Mineralization and CNPS Microbial Enzyme Activities

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955
Author(s):  
Louise Paillat ◽  
Patrice Cannavo ◽  
Fabrice Barraud ◽  
Lydie Huché-Thélier ◽  
René Guénon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Greenhouse Growers

Managing plant fertilization is a major concern of greenhouse growers to achieve sustainable production with growing media (GM). Organic fertilization is popular but is more difficult to control, since organic compounds need first to be mineralized by microbes. After 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of incubation, we investigated the response of microbial activities and nutrient releases from three frequently used organic fertilizers (horn and two plant-based fertilizers) in three frequently employed GM types (peat, coir, and bark). We measured pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient contents (NH4+-N, NO3−-N, PO43−-P, SO42−-S), and enzyme activities (β-1.4-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase). After fertilization, microbes in coir expressed all the C, N, P, and S functions studied, making related nutrients available. In peat and bark, some C, N, P, and S-related pathways were locked. Peat presented high NH4+-N and PO43−-P releases linked to high acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities, while bark showed high nitrification rates but weak enzyme activities. Fertilizer types modulated these responses with lower activities and nutrient releases with horn. Our results contributed to better understanding mineralization processes in GM, showing different microbial responses to fertilization. This study pointed out the necessity to look deeper into microbial functions in GM optimizing biological and physicochemical properties.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RASIO UMPAN, VARIASI JENIS SAMPAH ORGANIK, DAN KUALITAS KOMPOS HASIL BIOKONVERSI MENGGUNAKAN LARVA BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia Illucens)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Haryandi Haryandi ◽  
Syauqy Nur Izzy
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Rate Type ◽  
Reduction Index

One technology that can degrade organic waste is bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) or Hermenetia illucens which content high protein source. This research studied the effect of BSF production withg varying feed rate, type of waste, and the quality of compost that produced compare with the Indonesia government requirement. The experiment was conducted at PT. Biomagg Sinergi Internasional, an organic waste processing company in West Java. The results of this study indicated the highest BSF biomass value in the treatment of catering with feed rate of 200 mg/larvae/ day, the highest substrate consumption value was on fermentation waste with feed rate 100 mg/ larvae /day is 72.05%, the highest survival rate was the catering waste with feed rate of 100mg/larvae / day, and the highest value of waste reduction index was the fermentation waste with 100 mg / larvae / day feed rate is 4.80%. The quality of compost produced by bioconversion conducted by PT. BSI has met the quality standards of organic fertilizers based on Permentan No. 70 / Permentan / SR.140 / 10/2011 concerning organic fertilizer. 

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Fertilizer Source and Rate on Growth and Nutrient Leachate Profile of Greenhouse-grown Cucumber

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
Yuqi Li ◽  
Neil S. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Over Time

Fertility management of seedlings and transplants is considered a key challenge in organic greenhouse production. This study was conducted to determine response of greenhouse-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and nutrient release profile to two organic fertilizers and their combinations applied at three different concentrations in organic substrate. The organic fertilizers used were a turkey litter–based compost (TC) and a dairy manure vermicompost (VC). In addition, two control treatments [no fertilization (CK), conventional liquid fertilizer (CF)] were included. For TC, substrate leachate pH decreased for the first 17 days after addition and then increased, whereas electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium (Ca) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations increased and then declined. For VC, EC decreased continuously over time from days 0 to 52, whereas pH increased. The Ca and NO3−-N concentrations decreased over time to 24 days and then did not change further. For TC/VC combinations, EC was stable for the first 17 days and then declined. For all organic fertilizer applications, potassium concentration was stable for the first 17 days and then decreased, whereas most of the sodium, ammonium-nitrogen, and chloride were no longer leached by 24 days. The VC and TC/VC combinations did not affect cucumber seed germination rate, seedling survival rate, seedling height, and leaf greenness (SPAD) as compared with CF. The stem length, leaf number, dry weight (DW), root index, and SPAD readings of cucumber transplants increased with increasing TC and VC fertilizer applications. The TC/VC combinations increased the biomass of cucumber transplants compared with CK, and did not differ from CF. The results of this study indicated that the 28.32 lb/yard3 of VC (high rate) or the 9.44 lb/yard3 of VC combined with 4 lb/yard3 of TC (medium rate) can be substituted for CF for the cultivation of cucumber seedlings. Based on DW, the 12 lb/yard3 of TC (high rate) or the 4 lb/yard3 of TC combined with 9.44 lb/yard3 of VC (medium rate) fertilizers were suitable replacements for CF for the cultivation of cucumber transplants.

scholarly journals Organic Fertilization and Its Effect on Development of Sweet Pepper Transplants

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Gravel ◽  
Martine Dorais ◽  
Claudine Ménard
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Growing Medium

Organically grown greenhouse sweet pepper crops, as is the case with most year-around greenhouse crops, rely on pre-grown transplants. Production of adequately balanced (source and sink strength potential) healthy organic sweet pepper transplants is a challenge and is often related to early and total harvested yields. Liquid and/or solid organic fertilizers for greenhouse sweet pepper transplants were compared with a conventional liquid fertilizer. Transplants were grown under greenhouse conditions and inoculated, or not, with a beneficial microbial agent, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, strain KRL-AG2 (Rootshield®). Medium respiration (CO2 efflux) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis analysis showed a higher microbial activity in the liquid organic fertilizer treatment. Higher microbial activity was observed after 10 weeks than at 5 weeks after transplanting. Transplant development was greater in the liquid conventional fertilizer treatment compared with the two organic treatments. Transplants that received liquid organic fertilizer had greater development compared with transplants that only received water in addition to the initial solid fertilizer. Organic amendment mineralization did not completely fulfill transplant nutrient requirement compared with conventional transplants. Solid fertilization in the growing medium affected plant growth during the first 5 weeks but not after 10 weeks after transplanting. Solid and liquid organic fertilizers at a higher concentration should be provided to reach a similar transplant development because conventional seedlings or other slow-release sources of solid amendments should be added to the growing medium to keep an adequate and constant nutrient release. Providing a beneficial agent to the organic growing medium increased its biological activity but had no effect on seedling growth during this study. Solid organic fertilization (1600 mL·m−3 of shrimp meal with 50 mL·m−3 of kelp meal) combined with an organic liquid fertilization should be used in combination with inoculation with T. harzianum to obtain high-quality organic sweet pepper transplants.

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