scholarly journals The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force–Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Moeskops ◽  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
Paul J. Read ◽  
John B. Cronin ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Abstract Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force–time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity status. Methods 120 gymnasts aged 5–14 years were sub-divided into maturity groupings using percent of predicted adult height (%PAH) attained. Participants performed three jumping protocols, the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional video. Results Jumping performance improved with biological maturity evidenced by the most mature gymnasts’ producing significantly more absolute force (P < 0.05; all d > 0.78), impulse (P < 0.05; all d > 0.75) and power (P < 0.05; all d > 0.91) than the least mature group, resulting in the greater jump heights (P < 0.05; all d > 0.70). While, no significant differences were observed in relative peak force across multiple tests, measures of relative peak power did significantly increase with maturity. Based upon regression analyses, maturation was found to influence vertical take-off velocity during vaulting, explaining 41% of the variance in each jumping protocol. Across all tests, the DJ was found to have the highest predictive ability of vaulting vertical take-off velocity, explaining 55% of the total variance. Conclusion Biological maturation impacts jump height and underpinning mechanical variables in young female gymnasts. Vaulting vertical take-off velocity appears to be influenced by maturation and various dynamic force–time variables, particularly those during DJ, which had the highest explained total variance.

scholarly journals The Influence of Biological Maturity and Competitive Level on Isometric Force-Time Curve Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 2136-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Moeskops ◽  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
Paul J. Read ◽  
John B. Cronin ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Female Gymnasts

scholarly journals MicroRNAs-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prediabetes

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Cecil J. Weale ◽  
Don M. Matshazi ◽  
Saarah F. G. Davids ◽  
Shanel Raghubeer ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receiver Operating

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p with and their diagnostic capability for dysglycaemia in 1273 (men, n = 345) South Africans, aged >20 years. Glycaemic status was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Whole blood microRNA (miRNA) expressions were assessed using TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the ability of each miRNA to discriminate dysglycaemia, while multivariable logistic regression analyses linked expression with dysglycaemia. In all, 207 (16.2%) and 94 (7.4%) participants had prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. All three miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in individuals with prediabetes compared to normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. miR-30e-3p and miR-126-3p were also significantly more expressed in T2DM versus normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. In multivariable logistic regressions, the three miRNAs were consistently and continuously associated with prediabetes, while only miR-126-3p was associated with T2DM. The ROC analysis indicated all three miRNAs had a significant overall predictive ability to diagnose prediabetes, diabetes and the combination of both (dysglycaemia), with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) being significantly higher for miR-126-3p in prediabetes. For prediabetes diagnosis, miR-126-3p (AUC = 0.760) outperformed HbA1c (AUC = 0.695), p = 0.042. These results suggest that miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p are associated with prediabetes, and measuring miR-126-3p could potentially contribute to diabetes risk screening strategies.

scholarly journals Urinary and anal incontinence among female gymnasts and cheerleaders—bother and associated factors. A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Lindquist Skaug ◽  
Marie Ellström Engh ◽  
Helena Frawley ◽  
Kari Bø
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Anal Incontinence ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics and cheerleading are sports including high-impact activities. It is presumed that the athletes’ pelvic floor must be functioning well to prevent urinary (UI) and anal incontinence (AI) during sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI and AI in female artistic gymnasts, team gymnasts and cheerleaders; the influence of UI and AI on daily living and sport performance; and the athletes’ knowledge about the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). Methods All female athletes ≥ 12 years of age competing in ≥ 1 National Championship in artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics or cheerleading in 2018/2019 were invited. International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence/bother of UI and AI. Results Among the 319 gymnasts and cheerleaders who participated, the prevalence of UI and AI was 67% and 84%, respectively. Age, training ≥ 4 days/week and straining to void were significantly associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and years of training with AI. Eighty-three percent of athletes with SUI reported a negative effect on sports performance, 22% would occasionally avoid training or specific exercises because of leakage, and 28% used pads for protection. Forty-one percent of the athletes had never heard about the PFM, and 74% reported an interest in PFM training to prevent/treat UI or AI. Conclusions UI and AI were prevalent in female gymnasts and cheerleaders, and SUI negatively influenced sport performance. The athletes’ knowledge about the PFM was limited.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MENSTRUAL HEALTH AND ANALGESICS USAGE IN YOUNG AGE WOMEN

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
ALMOHAMMADI AMEEN ◽  
JUNAID SUHAIL ◽  
SHORBATLI LOUJAIN ◽  
AL-SOMALI AMAL
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern

Objective: The study focuses on assessing the incidence of menstrual irregularity among young women and the factors for a disturbance with the rationale to assess the use of analgesic drugs during Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. A total of 2500 randomly selected young female between the age of 11 and 30 y completed the study questionnaire to assess lifestyle pattern, variations in menstrual pattern, perceived stress, and to capture information about their menstrual cycle and related problems. In addition, the questionnaire assessed the use of analgesics for PMS. Results: 2481 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants’ menarche was 12.85±1.432 y. The prevalence of menstrual irregularities was 25.0 % (n=621) and about 8.5% (n=211) of respondents had severe pain that was not relieved by the use of analgesics. On the other hand, 50.9 % (n=1262) reported severe pain that was relieved by analgesics. A total of 1279 (51.6 %) of participants in this study used Over The Counter (OTC) analgesics to relieve PMS. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is the most common complaint among young females in Saudi Arabia. Low Body Mass Index (BMI), sedentary lifestyle, stress and early age of menarche are the most important factors associated with menstrual irregularities. Proper education programs and awareness among young girls about their menstrual health, and the provision of guidance in choosing effective analgesics and treatment options for dysmenorrhea are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Predictive Ability of C-Reactive Protein in Detecting Short-Term Complications After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Job P. van Kooten ◽  
Arvind Oemrawsingh ◽  
Nadine L. de Boer ◽  
Cornelis Verhoef ◽  
Jacobus W. A. Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract Background Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a potentially curative treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of postoperative inflammatory biomarkers in assessing complications after CRS and HIPEC. Methods A prospective database of 181 patients, who underwent CRS-HIPEC between March 2014 through April 2018 in the Erasmus MC, was retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative complications were defined according to the serious adverse event (SAE) grading system. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count were compared between patients with SAE grade < 3 and SAE grade ≥ 3. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for CRP and WBC against SAE ≥ 3 and various intra-abdominal complications. Results SAE ≥ 3 postoperative complications occurred in 50 patients. From the second until the fifth postoperative day (POD), CRP levels were significantly higher (p = 0.023, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.002, respectively) in these patients. CRP concentrations above 166 mg/L on POD3 (AUC 0.75) and 116 mg/L on POD4 (AUC 0.70) were associated with the highest risk of an SAE ≥ 3. Postoperative WBC levels were not significantly different between patients with SAE < 3 and SAE ≥ 3 complications. Conclusion Data from our hospital suggest that CRP levels that continue to rise after POD2 or that are ≥ 166 mg/L at POD3 or ≥ 116 mg/L at POD4, indicate a considerable risk for developing high-grade SAEs. The cut-off values we found can potentially be used as a threshold for additional diagnostic interventions, after they have been validated in external data.

scholarly journals Hormonal Profile Heterogeneity and Short-Term Physical Risk in Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2203-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Estour ◽  
Natacha Germain ◽  
Eric Diconne ◽  
Delphine Frere ◽  
Jean-Marie Cottet-Emard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical States ◽  
Physical Risk

Abstract Context: The relevance of hormonal assessment in anorexia nervosa (AN) management is still unclear. The short-term physical risk during undernutrition period of the disease is partially predicted by anthropometric and electrolytic parameters. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate hormonal profiles in a large cohort of AN and their relationship with critical states. Design and Setting: This was an observational monocentric cross-sectional study performed in the endocrinological unit. Patients and Other Participants: Participants included 210 young female subjects with restrictive-type AN and 42 female controls of comparable age. Main Outcome Measures: The following hormonal parameters were measured: thyroid hormones, GH, IGF-I, cortisol, oestradiol, FSH, LH, SHBG, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, plasma metanephrines, and bone markers. Their relation with registered short-term evolution of AN subjects after hormonal assessment was evaluated. Results: Except for metanephrines and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, most of the hormonal abnormalities previously reported in AN were confirmed. The manifestation of these hormonal abnormalities started below different body mass index (BMI) levels, ranging between 17 and 15 kg/m2, even though an important percentage of normal values for every parameter was still noticed for very low BMIs. All patients who developed critical states during the 3 months after the hormonal assessment presented with BMI less than 15 kg/m2 and a very increased level of cortisol, GH, and increased values of metanephrines. Conclusions: The hormonal response to undernutrition is heterogeneous in a large population with restrictive AN. In clinical practice, metanephrines, GH, and/or cortisol data could be used as important predictors for severe short-term outcome.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Screening among Young Female Adults in the Kintampo Municipal Hospital, Bono East Ghana.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Mustapha Hallidu ◽  
Stephen Tawiah Odonkor ◽  
Issah Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: This study sought to determine the cervical cancer knowledge and screening among young female adults in Kintampo North Municipality. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was employed using a quantitative approach. Data was collected from 341 participants using a consecutive sampling with structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse continuous variables like age and expressed as means and standard deviations, whilst categorical variables were summarized into frequencies and percentages. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine the associations between the independent and dependent variables. Findings: More than half (58%) of the respondents had knowledge of cervical cancer. The two major sources of cervical cancer knowledge to respondents were the health workers (45.6%) and radio/television/internet (45.1%). Most (70.5%) had no idea about the causes of cervical cancer. Again, more than half (55.5%) of the respondents had no idea on the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer while less than half (48.4%) also had no idea about prevention of cervical cancer. Almost all (94.6%) the respondents had never been screened. Recommendations: Cervical cancer knowledge and screening is low among young female adults attending the Kintampo North Municipal Hospital. As such, there is the need to put strategies in place to increase cervical cancer knowledge and screening in the Kintampo North and its environs.

scholarly journals What are the optimal cut-off points of anthropometric indices for prediction of overweight and obesity? Predictive validity of waist circumference, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Tutunchi ◽  
Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators

Background: Planning for obesity prevention is an important global health priority. Our aim in this study was to find the optimal cut-off points of waist circumference (WC), waist- to- hipratio (WHR) and waist- to- height ratio (WHtR), as three anthropometric indices, for prediction of overweight and obesity. We also aimed to compare the predictive ability of these indices to introduce the best choice. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 500 subjects were investigated. Anthropometric indicators were measured using a standard protocol. We considered body mass index (BMI) as the simple and most commonly used index for measuring general obesity as the comparison indicator in the present study to assess the diagnostic value for other reported obesity indices.We also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to define the optimal cut-off points of the anthropometric indicators and the best indices for overweight and obesity. Results: The proposed optimal cut-offs for WC, WHtR, and WHR were 84 cm, 0.48 and 0.78for women and 98 cm, 0.56 and 0.87 for men, respectively. The area under the ROC curve ofWHtR (women: AUC=0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99 vs. men: AUC=0.97, 95%CI: 0.96-0.99) and WC(women: AUC=0.97, 95% CI, 0.95-0.99 vs. men: AUC=0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99) were greater than WHR (women: AUC=0.79, 95% CI =0.74-0.85 vs. men: AUC=0.84, 95% CI=0.79-0.88). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the WC and WHtR indicators are stronger indicators compared to the others. However, further studies using desirable and also local cutoffs against more accurate techniques for body fat measurement such as computerized tumor (CT) scans and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are required.

Depression risk assessment with digital biomarkers from wearables: a cross-sectional study with machine learning modelling (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Rykov ◽  
Thuan-Quoc Thach ◽  
Iva Bojic ◽  
George Christopoulos ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Biomarkers

BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder, however it remains undiagnosed and untreated in half of cases. Wearable activity trackers collect fine-grained sensor data characterizing behavior and physiology of users, which could be used for timely, unobtrusive, and scalable depression screening. OBJECTIVE This study examined the predictive ability of digital biomarkers based on behavioral and physiological data from consumer-grade wearables to detect risk of depression in working population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 290 healthy working adults. Participants wore Fitbit Charge 2 for two weeks and completed a health survey including screening for depressive symptoms. We extracted a range of known and novel digital biomarkers characterizing physical activity, sleep patterns, and circadian rhythms from wearables using steps, heart rate (HR), energy expenditure, and sleep data. Associations between severity of depressive symptoms and digital biomarkers were examined with Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. Supervised machine learning was used to predict risk of depression (symptoms’ severity and screening status) from digital biomarkers. For performance evaluation we used k-fold cross-validation and obtained accuracy measures from the holdout folds. RESULTS 267 participants were included into analysis. 38 (14%) participants had PHQ-9 score equal or above 10 and were identified as depressed. Greater severity of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with greater variation of night-time HR between 2:00–4:00 am and 4:00–6:00 am, lower regularity of weekday circadian rhythms based on steps and HR, and fewer steps-based daily peaks. Our model predicted depression screening outcome with 78% accuracy (sensitivity–82% and specificity–75%) in the contrasted subsample consisting of participants with high and the lowest risk of depression. CONCLUSIONS Discovered digital biomarkers from consumer wearables could indicate increased risk of depression in working population, yet current evidence shows limited predictive ability. Combination of these digital biomarkers could discriminate individuals with high risk of depression from individuals with the lowest risk.

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