scholarly journals Intraocular Robotic Surgical Systems

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Gerber ◽  
J. P. Hubschman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Adoption

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we provide a brief history of intraocular robotic surgical systems and review the latest technological advancements. The goals are to (a) provide readers with a clear understanding of the important work that has been done in this field; (b) illuminate existing challenges towards full clinical adoption; and (c) speculate on future directions. Recent Findings The majority of work on intraocular robotic surgical systems has been done in university research settings, although two systems have been evaluated in human clinical trials and one system is commercially available for use in human patients. Summary The future of robotic systems in intraocular surgical procedures will depend on the results of ongoing clinical trials and the success of recent start-up companies. Many challenges remain before such systems can become safe and effective treatment options. However, the future of intraocular robotic surgical systems is bright and full of promise.

Article Commentary: The Continued Challenge of Staphylococcus aureus in the Surgical Patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Valid Evidence

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a common pathogen from community-acquired infections and for infections after surgical procedures. A review of the history of this pathogen indicates that it will likely continue to develop new virulence characteristics and that it will continue to develop new patterns of resistance. This presentation addresses the three major areas for surgeons in the future. First, vancomycin is losing its effectiveness against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The future antibiotic choices for treating this pathogen are discussed. Second, vancomycin is losing its effectiveness for prevention of MRSA infections at the surgical site, and another antibiotic choice needs to be developed for prevention of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Third, decolonization of staphylococci from the nasopharynx is discussed commonly in the literature, but valid evidence for this practice is limited. Controlled clinical trials to prevent surgical site infection by decolonization with mupirocin or other agents are needed. In summary, S. aureus will continue to challenge surgeons as an adaptable pathogen that can defy all of our treatment efforts.

The psychological and behavioural treatment of suicidal behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
M. David Rudd ◽  
Andrea Perez-Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Clinical Outcome Measure

This text provides an updated review of currently available clinical trials targeting suicidal behaviour and suicidal ideation, with an emphasis on adult populations. The overriding aim is to identify elements that are common among the most efficacious treatment options, particularly those treatments that have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing suicidal behaviour (i.e. suicide attempts), a primary clinical outcome measure in suicide-based research. In doing so, we hope to uncover common core elements that appear to be central to reducing suicidal behaviour, attempts, and ideation. Similarly, we hope to provide information regarding efficacious treatments, along with clinically applicable implications and considerations for day-to-day clinical practice. We conclude with a discussion of limitations, future directions, and special considerations derived from the current research.

scholarly journals Future of risk based monitoring in clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Niraj R. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Trial Conduct ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstract">Drug development is a complex and resource intensive endeavor. The average cost of developing a new drug, has been estimated to be $2 to $3 billion. However, the success rate of clinical trials is very low around and is estimated to be between 3-5%. The common reasons for failure of clinical trials include failure to demonstrate efficacy or safety, budgeting and financing, failure of subjects meeting protocol eligibility criteria, poor investigator site selection, patient withdrawals and dropouts. Considering the growing demands to get better and affordable treatment options, there needs to be fundamental shift required in drug development and specifically the clinical trials oversight processes to mitigate risks and reduce failures. The International Council for Harmonisation in the E6 R2 addendumhas now provided guidelines for adaptation of risk based approach to trial conduct and monitoring to implement mitigation strategies for potential risks which might derail the conduct of the trail. The industry is steadily gearing up to put together the required processes, systems and teams to align to the new ways of working. However with the changing landscape of drug development which includes novel therapies like gene therapy, remote/decentralized trials, growing use of wearable technologies, esource, electronic health record/electronic medical records interoperability, implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, the future of risk based approach towards managing clinical trials is going to be very different from what we see now. This paper explores the impact of these new developments on the future of risk based monitoring in clinical trials.</p>

scholarly journals An Overview of Blockchain Integration with Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

Ledger ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Lopes ◽  
Luís A Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Future

Blockchain technology is growing everyday at a fast-passed rhythm and it is possible to integrate it with many systems, namely Robotics with AI services. However, this is still a recent field and there is not yet a clear understanding of what it could potentially become. In this paper, we conduct an overview of many different methods and platforms that try to leverage the power of blockchains into robotic systems, to improve AI services, or to solve problems that are present in the major blockchains, which can lead to the ability of creating robotic systems with increased capabilities and security. We present an overview, discuss the methods, and conclude the paper with our view on the future of the integration of these technologies.

Virtual Try-On With Generative Adversarial Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-100
Author(s):  
Andrew Jong ◽  
Melody Moh ◽  
Teng-Sheng Moh
Keyword(s):  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Solid Foundation

This chapter elaborates on using generative adversarial networks (GAN) for virtual try-on applications. It presents the first comprehensive survey on this topic. Virtual try-on represents a practical application of GANs and pixel translation, which improves on the techniques of virtual try-on prior to these new discoveries. This survey details the importance of virtual try-on systems and the history of virtual try-on; shows how GANs, pixel translation, and perceptual losses have influenced the field; and summarizes the latest research in creating virtual try-on systems. Additionally, the authors present the future directions of research to improve virtual try-on systems by making them usable, faster, more effective. By walking through the steps of virtual try-on from start to finish, the chapter aims to expose readers to key concepts shared by many GAN applications and to give readers a solid foundation to pursue further topics in GANs.

Managing Our First Breaths: A Reflection on the Past Several Decades of Neonatal Pulmonary Therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Touch ◽  
Thomas Shaffer ◽  
Jay Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Respiratory Drugs

Lung disease has been a leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality since neonates first drew breath. Over the past few decades, many treatment options have evolved to aid us in our ability to support neonatal breathing. The history of neonatal pulmonary care, both its successes and controversies, can teach us a great deal about the future of this dynamic field. As new developments occur, we constantly modify the therapies we offer to preterm and term infants. Understanding traditional therapeutic options and knowing what may be on the horizon can help caregivers to better match treatment plans with individual infants. This article reviews advances in mechanical ventilation, adjuvant therapies, and respiratory drugs through the past few decades and speculates on future directions in this field.

Reducing burdens of site feasibility assessments for conducting clinical trials.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
Dax Kurbegov ◽  
Patricia A. Hurley ◽  
David Michael Waterhouse ◽  
Grzegorz S. Nowakowski ◽  
Edward S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Prior Relationship

300 Background: Current methods to assess site feasibility for industry-funded clinical trials are onerous and delay patient access to novel treatment options and high-quality clinical trials. Industry sponsors and contract research organizations (CROs) often probe for unnecessary and/or duplicative information. These burdens prolong trial start-up times and are a barrier to site participation in oncology trials. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Research Community Forum convened a task force to identify ways to improve the site feasibility assessment process. Methods: Data were collected in 3 steps: 1) survey to assess site burdens, 2) collation of sample feasibility questionnaires (FQs), and 3) stakeholder meeting to discuss potential solutions. The task force then developed recommendations for process improvements and obtained stakeholder feedback through a survey. Results: 113 oncology practices (66 community, 47 academic) reported completing a median 5 FQs and 2 pre-study site visits (PSSVs) per month. FQs took a median 2 hours to complete whereas PSSVs took a median 4 hours to complete. Most considered FQ (81%) and PSSV (91%) content redundant to information previously provided, and FQs similar between different sponsors (86%). The median time from first contact to first patient enrolled was 6 months. The 40 respondents to the stakeholder survey represented 19 academic- and 9 community-based sites, 8 industry sponsors, and 4 CROs. Most preferred a model with a short FQ plus a PSSV when there was not a prior relationship. If there was a prior relationship, either a PSSV or teleconference was preferred. All stakeholders identified time savings, expedited start-up, fewer staff resources, and cost savings as the greatest benefits. The greatest barriers to adoption were buy-in from sponsors and CROs, and insufficient information about site capabilities. Conclusions: Site feasibility assessments for industry-sponsored trials are important to ensure patient safety and access to high quality clinical trials. However, current methods are inefficient and time and resource intensive. This initiative provided insights about challenges for sites and the viability of a fundamental change to site feasibility assessments. ASCO recommendations are forthcoming on improving processes, standardizing and minimizing questions, and using portals that are effective across all trials and clinical research scenarios.

Systematic Paleontology

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Adrain
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Systematic Paleontology ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Study

With this issue we mark publication of the 75th volume of the Journal of Paleontology, and celebrate the occasion with a series of review articles on the systematics of major groups of fossils. Instructions to authors were very broad: we suggested consideration of the history of study, current problems, and future directions, but otherwise left authors to focus their reviews as they saw fit. We hoped in this way, with a mix of traditions and approaches, to fashion a general overview of the systematics of fossil organisms as practiced today. With the enthusiastic efforts of the contributors, I think we've been successful. The papers in this issue comprise authoritative reviews of the state of the art in various branches of paleontology. But even if one is not concerned with the details of particular groups, the contributions provide a fascinating sense of where the discipline is, and where it might be going. Although concerned mainly with systematic history, they nevertheless provide a flavor of the kinds of concerns we have as a community for the future development of our science.

Cemented versus Cementless Stems in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (08) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Driesman ◽  
William Macaulay ◽  
Ran Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Mechanical Alignment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Press Fit ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Metaphyseal Bone

AbstractSuccessful arthroplasty of the knee requires a stable foundation for implant placement, adequate mechanical alignment, and durable fixation. In the revision setting, the later may be difficult to obtain, especially in the setting of significant bone loss. While augments, cones, and sleeves have greatly enhanced the modern knee surgeon's ability to gain fixation in metaphyseal bone, stems continue to be a cornerstone tool in revision arthroplasty to bypass deficient or damaged bone surfaces to enhance structural stability of a revision construct. When placing a revision construct, there remains two options to assist with fixation, either fully cementing the entire implant or using a “hybrid” system, which combines an uncemented press-fit diaphyseal stem with cement in both the metaphysis and metaphysis–diaphysis junction of the keel. In this review, we discuss the history of these two techniques, evaluate the theoretical benefits and pitfalls, and assess the best evidence supporting each in the literature. To conclude, we will examine future directions and questions needed to better elucidate the best treatment options in a variety of revision scenarios.

Finding the future: The role of the International Maritime History Association

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Malcolm Tull
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to review the state of the International Maritime History Association (IMHA) and to consider its future directions. First, it outlines the history of the organisation; second, it considers the challenges facing the IMHA today; and finally it offers some preliminary ideas about planning for the future.

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