Decomposability of barley straw: Effect of cold-water extraction on dry weight and nutrient content

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

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Effect of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient content of eucalyptus minicuttings in nutrient solution

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000100023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 249-254

Author(s):

José Pereira Carvalho Neto ◽

Enilson de Barros Silva ◽

Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽

Paulo Henrique Grazziotti

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Plant Material ◽

Management Practice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Adequate Nutrient ◽

Npk Fertilization

Adequate nutrient levels in plants vary according to the species or clone, age and management practice. Therefore, adjustments of the nutrient solution are often necessary according to the plant material for multiplication. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient contents of eucalyptus cuttings in nutrient solution. The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized fractional factorial (4 x 4 x 4)½, with a total of 32 treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) as urea, P (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg L-1) in the form of phosphoric acid and K (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) in the form of potassium chloride in the nutrient solution. Only the effect of N alone was significant for the number and dry weight of minicuttings per ministump, with a linear decreasing effect with increasing N levels. The highest number of cuttings was obtained at a dose of 50, 7.5 and 50 mg L-1 of N, P and K, respectively.

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Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

María del Carmen Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

Luna Morcillo ◽

Idoia Garmendia

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

High Concentration ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Moderate Salinity

Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.

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Potassium Recovery Potential of Selected Agroforestry and Organic Wastes in Ibadan, Nigeria

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n6p492 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 492

Author(s):

Akindejoye F. ◽

Hammed T.B. ◽

Sridhar M.K.C.

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Organic Wastes ◽

Hot Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Recovery Potential ◽

Sodium Magnesium ◽

Cheap Alternative ◽

K Concentration ◽

Coconut Fibre ◽

Mineral Concentrations

This study explored potassium recovery from agroforestry wastes that may be a cheap alternative to imported ones. The wastes: Plantain Peel (PP), Coconut Fibre (CF), Coconut Shell (CS), Cocoa Pod (CP), Sugarcane Bagasse (SB), Sawdust (SD) and four common wood-fuel species - Antiaris toxicaria (Wd1), Cordia millenii (Wd2), Khayas senegalensis (Wd3) and Milicia excelsa (Wd4) were assessed for their ash content (AC) and moisture content (MC), using standard procedures of AOAC. Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine mineral concentrations: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, lead and iron of the wastes. In addition, efficacy of three methods of extracting potassium from ashes: cold water extraction at 35 OC, hot water extraction at 90 OC and steam extraction was assessed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation test at p˂0.05. Wastes with highest values in terms of AC and MC were: CP (AC- 11.62 ± 0.3 %) and SB (MC- 82 ± 2.64 %). The highest concentration of K (mg·kg -1 ) was found in CP (8,387.50 ± 2.00 mg·kg-1 ). Cold water extraction gave the most potassium yield (88.44 %) and the highest solid potash content was found in PP (68 500 mg·kg -1 ) while CP had the highest K concentration (12.51±0.20 g·dm-3 ). Cocoa pod, plantain peel and Cordia millenii are very good sources of agroforestry/organic wastes for local production of potassium both in terms of solid potash yield and potassium recovery potential. Development of a suitable technology which can be used to extract potassium locally is recommended.

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Micronutrient Availability from Steel Slag Amendment in Pine Bark Substrates

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-34.3.67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

James E. Altland ◽

James C. Locke ◽

Wendy L. Zellner

Keyword(s):

Plant Uptake ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Sole Source ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Micronutrient Availability ◽

Base Substrate

Steel slag is a byproduct of the steel industry that can be used as a liming agent, but also has a high mineral nutrient content. While micronutrients are present in steel slag, it is not known if the mineral form of the micronutrients would render them available for plant uptake. The objective of this research was to determine if steel slag could be used as the sole micronutrient source for container-grown nursery crops. Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii ‘Pink Delight’) and rose (Rosa ‘Radrazz’) were grown in #3 (3 gal) containers in a base substrate composed of pine bark and peatmoss (80:20, by vol). The base substrate was amended with the following treatments: with a complete controlled release fertilizer (CRF) including micronutrients (C-control), a substrate amended with a different CRF containing only N, P, and K along with a granular micronutrient package (M-control), and three additional treatments amended with the CRF (N, P, and K only) and either 1.2, 2.4, or 4.8 kg·m−3 (2, 4, and 8 lb·yd−3) of steel slag. Plants were harvested at 2 and 4 months after potting (MAP). None of the plants displayed any sign of nutrient deficiency or toxicity throughout the experiment. However, plants grown in the substrate amended with the highest slag rate [4.8 kg·m−3 (8 lb·yd−3)] had lower shoot dry weight (SDW) than both control groups. Substrate pH increased with increasing slag rate, which may have affected micronutrient availability in those substrates. Among the micronutrients analyzed, only Copper (Cu) was consistently deficient in both the substrate and foliar tissue of slag-amended treatments. Steel slag either does not provide a sufficient quantity of Cu or the concomitant increase in pH with increasing rates of steel slag renders Cu unavailable for plant uptake. Steel slag should not be used as the sole source of micronutrients for shrubs grown in pine bark-based substrates.

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Nutrient Content of the Aboveground Tissue of 12-week-old Loblolly Pine Intraprovenance and Interprovenance Crosses

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x75-086 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 592-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. A. Woessner ◽

C. B. Davey ◽

B. E. Crabtree ◽

J. D. Gregory

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Seed Source ◽

Good Linear ◽

Available Nutrients ◽

Seed Sources ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Aboveground Tissue

Nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg) of the aboveground tissue of a series of full-sib loblolly crosses was found to vary by genotype. Variability among and within seed sources is indicated for the ability to absorb Ca and Mg. Absorption of P and K was not found to be dependent on seed source, but the full-sib crosses differ. Good linear relationships were found between plant dry weight and weight of element but not between plant dry weight and percentage of element. Certain highly efficient crosses can be expected to be good producers of dry matter on sites low in available nutrients.

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Ecology, Phylogeny, and Potential Nutritional and Medicinal Value of a Rare White “Maitake” Collected in a Mediterranean Forest

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12060230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Letizia Gargano ◽

Georgios I. Zervakis ◽

Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen ◽

Giuseppe Venturella ◽

Roberta Calvo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Water Extract ◽

Its Region ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Living Tree

Albino Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray “maitake” mushrooms (described as G. albicans Imazeki and then placed in synonymy with G. frondosa) are particularly rare, and the few pertinent records are not treated in scientific publications. A field investigation carried out in Sicily (Italy) led to the collection of an unusual white Grifola specimen at the base of a living tree of Quercus pubescens Willd. s.l. The outcome of sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) indicated that it belongs to G. frondosa and provided an insight to the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. The results of nutritional composition analysis showed that the albino basidioma possesses relatively high contents of Ca, Fe, K, and Cu and is rather low in Na when compared with literature data on edible mushrooms. Vitamin (B1, B2, B3, B5, B9, and D2) contents ranged from 0.15 to 3.89 mg per 100 g of mushroom dry weight. The cold-water extract of this specimen was effective at inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 at the maximum screening concentration of 50% v/v. In addition, the extract slowed down the ability of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 to form biofilms. According to data hereby reported, the albino G. frondosa is a culinary-medicinal mushroom with a promising exploitation potential.

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Effects of Soil pH on Competitive Ability and Leaf Nutrient Content of Corn (Zea maysL.) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500082631 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 447-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Susan E. Weaver ◽

Allan S. Hamill

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

Weed Species ◽

Field Corn ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Companion Plant

Effects of soil pH on growth, competitive ability, and leaf nutrient content of corn (Zea maysL.), Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powelliiS. Wats. ♯ AMAPO), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯ ABUTH), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv. ♯ SETVI] were measured in the field. Corn yields were significantly reduced by weed competition at all pH levels, but leaf nutrient content, as a percentage of dry weight, was not affected. Aboveground dry weights of Powell amaranth and velvetleaf were significantly lower at pH 4.8 than at pH 6.0 or 7.3, whereas growth of green foxtail was greater at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. Weed competitive ability, as evidenced by reductions in dry weight, varied with soil pH and companion plant. Powell amaranth and velvetleaf had higher levels of S, Zn, and especially Mn, at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. N and K in the leaf tissue were greater in the weed species than in corn at all soil pH levels. The dicot species had higher percentages of Ca and Mg in leaf tissue at all soil pH levels and accumulated higher percentages of Mn at low pH than the monocot species.

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The effect of genotype on biomass and nutrient content in 11-year-old loblolly pine plantations

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x79-039 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 224-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. E. Pope

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Seed Source ◽

Elemental Content ◽

Total N ◽

Seed Sources ◽

Hilly Region

Dry weights and nutrient contents of all aboveground biomass components were estimated for four seed sources of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) grown in plantations of the same spacing on an old-field site of high quality in the hilly region of north-central Arkansas, U.S.A. Soil nutrient content was estimated to a depth of 0.61 m. Stand data averaged over all seeds sources are in agreement with published reports for dry weight and nutrient accumulation for loblolly pine if differences associated with seasonal variation are considered. Seed source significantly affected total dry matter and nutrient accumulations. Estimated total aboveground mean annual accumulation of biomass for the four seed sources ranged from 5.99 × 103 to 11.17 × 103 kg/ha per year. Elemental accumulation (kilograms per hectare per year) ranged from 14.06 to 23.66 for N, 1.54 to 3.45 for P, and 6.96 to 18.43 for K. On the average, trees comprise 84% of the aboveground plant biomass and contain 76% of the N, 77% of the P, and 90%, of the K associated with plant tissue. The significant influence of seed source on these stand values can affect the potential impact of short rotation, total tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. The elemental content of the tree biomass ranged from 7 to 11% of the total N, 20 to 35% of the P, and 14 to 30% of the K in the soil–litter–plant system.

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