Comparative role of vitamin A and β-carotene on reproduction and neonate survival in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Chew ◽  
R.G. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals CMO1 Deficiency Abolishes Vitamin A Production from β-Carotene and Alters Lipid Metabolism in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (46) ◽  
pp. 33553-33561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hessel ◽  
Anne Eichinger ◽  
Andrea Isken ◽  
Jaume Amengual ◽  
Silke Hunzelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Mouse Mutant ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are currently investigated regarding their potential to lower the risk of chronic disease and to combat vitamin A deficiency in humans. These plant-derived compounds must be cleaved and metabolically converted by intrinsic carotenoid oxygenases to support the panoply of vitamin A-dependent physiological processes. Two different carotenoid-cleaving enzymes were identified in mammals, the classical carotenoid-15,15′-oxygenase (CMO1) and a putative carotenoid-9′,10′-oxygenase (CMO2). To analyze the role of CMO1 in mammalian physiology, here we disrupted the corresponding gene by targeted homologous recombination in mice. On a diet providing β-carotene as major vitamin A precursor, vitamin A levels fell dramatically in several tissues examined. Instead, this mouse mutant accumulated the provitamin in large quantities (e.g. as seen by an orange coloring of adipose tissues). Besides impairments in β-carotene metabolism, CMO1 deficiency more generally interfered with lipid homeostasis. Even on a vitamin A-sufficient chow, CMO1-/- mice developed a fatty liver and displayed altered serum lipid levels with elevated serum unesterified fatty acids. Additionally, this mouse mutant was more susceptible to high fat diet-induced impairments in fatty acid metabolism. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-regulated marker genes related to adipogenesis was elevated in visceral adipose tissues. Thus, our study identifies CMO1 as the key enzyme for vitamin A production and provides evidence for a role of carotenoids as more general regulators of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals β-carotene in Obesity Research: Technical Considerations and Current Status of the Field

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Coronel ◽  
Ivan Pinos ◽  
Jaume Amengual
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Β Carotene

Over the past decades, obesity has become a rising health problem as the accessibility to high calorie, low nutritional value food has increased. Research shows that some bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, such as carotenoids, could contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity. Some of these carotenoids are responsible for vitamin A production, a hormone-like vitamin with pleiotropic effects in mammals. Among these effects, vitamin A is a potent regulator of adipose tissue development, and is therefore important for obesity. This review focuses on the role of the provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene in human health, emphasizing the mechanisms by which this compound and its derivatives regulate adipocyte biology. It also discusses the physiological relevance of carotenoid accumulation, the implication of the carotenoid-cleaving enzymes, and the technical difficulties and considerations researchers must take when working with these bioactive molecules. Thanks to the broad spectrum of functions carotenoids have in modern nutrition and health, it is necessary to understand their benefits regarding to metabolic diseases such as obesity in order to evaluate their applicability to the medical and pharmaceutical fields.

A Study on the Etiological Factors of Bilharzial Bladder Cancer in Egypt: 4. β-Carotene and Vitamin a Level in Serum

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbaset Anvver El-Aaser ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed El-Merzabani ◽  
K.A. Abdel-Reheem ◽  
B.M. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Β Carotene

The possible role of vitamin A in the pathogenesis of bilharzial bladder cancer among Egyptians, particularly as it relates to the histopathologic tumor type, was investigated. Bilharzial patients and bladder cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the most prevalent type in Egypt, showed significantly lower levels of vitamin A than normal male subjects. In contrast, bladder cancer patients with transitional cell carcinoma had levels that were not significantly different from normal male subjects. The possible role of vitamin A in the etiology of bilharzial bladder cancer is discussed.

Antioxidant Role of Plasma Carotenoids in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (56) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Vogelsang ◽  
Richard A. van Lingen ◽  
Janine Slootstra ◽  
Bert D. Dikkeschei ◽  
Boudewijn J. Kollen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Β Carotene

Objectives: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and consequently, it might be theorized that sufficient antioxidant defenses are needed to prevent BPD. We hypothesized that, except for vitamins E and A, carotenoids may be important in this defense. Carotenoids are present in human milk; however, they are not added to parenteral nutrition, the main food source of preterm infants in the first week of life. Aim: To evaluate prospectively the role of carotenoids in BPD in a cohort of preterm infants. Methods: The plasma concentrations of F2α-isoprostane, α- and β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, vitamin A, and the vitamin E/cholesterol ratio were studied at days 1, 3, and 7 in a cohort of 109 preterm infants, of whom 19 had BPD. Results: When comparing the BPD and control group, infants in the BPD group were younger (p<0.001) and β-carotene (day 7, p<0.01) and vitamin A concentrations were lower (days 3 and 7, p<0.001). Lycopene, lutein, α-carotene, vitamin E, and F2α-isoprostane concentrations did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Plasma β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations are lower in BPD infants which may result in a reduction of their antioxidant protection.

scholarly journals The Role of Beta-carotene Metabolism in Maternal Cardiac Remodeling: Findings in Mice Lacking Beta-carotene 9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2) (FS06-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsee Holloway ◽  
You-Kyung Kim ◽  
Loredana Quadro
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Objectives High intake of fruits and vegetables, main vitamin A sources, is associated with improved cardiac function. β-carotene, the most abundant dietary precursor of vitamin A, is cleaved by β-carotene 15,15′-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene 9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2). However, BCO2 is the only β-carotene cleavage enzyme expressed in adult hearts. Cardiac mRNA levels of Bco2 are elevated at mid-gestation in wild-type (WT) mice when the heart is hypertrophic. In the absence of BCO2 (Bco2-/- mice) the maternal heart fails to enlarge. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the role of BCO2 in maternal cardiac hypertrophy and to determine if metabolic pathways in the heart are disrupted by loss of BCO2. We hypothesize that BCO2 contributes to maternal cardiac hypertrophy by affecting homeostasis of RA, the active form of vitamin A. Methods Age matched WT and Bco2-/- (KO) mice raised on a chow diet were sacrificed at 14.5 days pregnant. Cardiac mRNA and protein expression of retinoid and lipid regulatory genes were measured. HPLC and LC/MS detected cardiac retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) levels. Results Pregnancy (mid-gestation) is associated with cardiac RA deficiency in WT dams. KO mice already showed cardiac RA deficiency pre-pregnancy. KO female mice have reduced PDK4 mRNA expression and enhanced PDH activity (phosphorylation) in the heart, that is reversed earlier, at mid-gestation. KO mice have increased cardiac Glut1 mRNA expression and reduced triglyceride levels. Lipid regulatory genes such as Pgc1a and Scd1 are increased at mid-pregnancy in the heart of WT dams but not in KO mothers. Conclusions Our data indicates that RA may be involved in modulating the cardiac hypertrophy of pregnancy. Dysregulation of RA homeostasis in the heart of KO females results in metabolic adaptations that makes the heart of the non-pregnant females preferentially dependent on glucose as an energy source. During pregnancy retinoic deficiency in the KO heart may induce an earlier attenuation of PDH activity, facilitating utilization of fat over glucose as energy substrate. These and other findings support the hypothesis of a crucial role of BCO2 in regulating heart hypertrophy, at least in females. Funding Sources NIH/NHLBI F31.

Role of vitamin A and β carotene in radiation protection: relation to antioxidant properties

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Seifter ◽  
Jozef Mendecki ◽  
Seymour Holtzman ◽  
Jacob D. Kanofsky ◽  
Esther Friedenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

ROLE OF RETINOL AND TOCOPHEROL IN COMBATING SMOG CAUSED ILLNESS AMONG YOUNG WOMAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisma Laeeque
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Good Health Condition

Retinol and Tocopherol are commonly known as fat soluble Vitamin A and D. This research was undertaken with the objective to study Vitamin A and D’s effect in combating smog caused illness among females. This case report highlights diseases caused among young woman of Lahore due to smog. Hypothesis formulated for this study was accepted after testing that intake of daily-recommended amount of Vitamin A and D by females helps them in fighting diseases caused by smog. An intervention based on Food and Nutrition Board’s Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) was planned. After the analysis of data by SPSS and excel, it was indicated that women could fight smog caused diseases better by including Vitamin A and D in their daily diet. It was also found that a strong positive correlation existed between good health condition among females and intake of Vitamin A and D.

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