Bronchopulmonary precancerous and tumor diseases — Risk groups from the point of view of occupational medicine

Lung Cancer ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tumor Diseases

scholarly journals RABIES AND MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL BITES

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Kishan Kumar Jani ◽  
Neeru Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wound Treatment ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Warm Blooded Animal ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Intradermal Route

<p>Rabies is nearly 100% fatal and 100% preventable zoonotic disease. Rabies causes 50,000 deaths worldwide of which, more than 80% occur in India. Bite from any warm‑blooded animal can transmit rabies. Management of animal bites from the point of view of prevention of rabies is a three‑pronged policy: (a) Wound treatment, (b) antirabies serum and (c) antirabies vaccine (ARV). ARV can be given by both intradermal and intramuscular routes, however regimens, of both, are different. The minimum duration of re‑exposure immunization is considered to be 3 months in a previously fully treated case of animal bite. There is also provision of preexposure prophylaxis in high‑risk groups and children by both intramuscular and intradermal route.</p>

Diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of reproductive system in context of healthcare system modernization: need for integrated approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
I. P. Aminodova ◽  
T. P. Vasilieva ◽  
E. V. Perminova ◽  
E. S. Kastor
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Tumor Diseases

The relevance of the problem of screening of tumor diseases of reproductive organs is caused by high rates of incidence of tendencies to rejuvenation, unsatisfactory results of therapy. In Russia, indicators of active detection of acute respiratory disease, diagnosis in the preinvasive and early stages remain low, adversely affecting the quality and life expectancy of the patient and her reproductive function. The purpose of the study: on the basis of the analysis of literature sources to establish the reasons for the ineffectiveness of screening of tumorous diseases of the reproductive organs. The results of the bibliographic analysis of modern screening principles and methods have shown that the main reasons for unsatisfactory screening and early diagnosis of tumor diseases of reproductive organs should be considered low scoring coverage rates, inconsistency of the legislative base, inconsistency of the start time, end of examination and screening interval, lack of a single information base with the possibility of fiing and archiving results of the survey, violation of the logistics of data exchange conducted research, expressed the dissonance of diagnostic capabilities in different regions, lack of an integrated approach and a single screening program nationwide. One of the possible solutions to decide this problem should be a solution to the implementation of a comprehensive diagnostic survey with a simultaneous assessment of the condition of all organs of the reproductive system, including the mammary glands, in order to timely identify the tumor diseases of reproductive organs with the formation of risk groups for tumor pathology and to correct tactic of reference.

Female Genital Schistosomiasis as a Risk-Factor for the Transmission of HIV

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Feldmeier ◽  
I Krantz ◽  
G Poggensee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Genital

Sexually transmitted diseases increase the probability for HIV transmission, presumably through lesions in the genital mucosa. Female genital schistosomiasis, a special form of urinary schistosomiasis due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium, may be another risk-factor for transmission of HIV. From published data there seem to be pathophysiological, immunological and epidemiological evidence for an association between genital ulcer disease due to S. haematobium and HIV-infection in women. Female genital schistosomiasis could be seen as an example of how an interaction between a parasitic disease and HIV facilitates the propagation of the latter. As long as the prevalence of HIV is low in the general population, interventions targeted to high risk groups will significantly delay, or even prevent, widespread dissemination of the HIV infection in the rest of the population. If female genital schistosomiasis is a risk factor for the spread of HIV like other genital ulcer diseases, there should be interesting ways to intervene from the public health point of view.

Harmful biological agents: occupational risk assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 556 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gołofit-Szymczak ◽  
Rafał L. Górny
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Available Information

Criteria for risk assessment are listed in the ordinance of the Minister of Health on harmful biological agents in the workplace and the protection of workers exposed to those agents. Accordingly, risk assessment should be based on all available information including classification of biological agents, risk groups 2-4; information on diseases which may be contracted as a result of work; information on diseases from which workers are found to be suffering and which have a direct connection with their work; recommendations from competent sanitary authorities; National Labour Inspectorate; and occupational medicine services.

scholarly journals ESSENTIAL INVOLVEMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN HUNTING IN R. MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 661-667
Author(s):  
Misho Hristovski ◽  
Aleksandar Trajchovski
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Special Points ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Hunting Ground

The aim of this paper is to emphasize to all persons involved in forestry, hunting and veterinary medicine, the problem of the occurrence of disease in wild animals, in animal reservoirs, and the maintenance of the disease in the natural environment. With special points for controlling the health condition of wildlife in the hunting ground and knowledge of the possible transfer of certain diseases to domestic animals and humans. Emphasis is placed on high-risk groups, such as foresters, hunters, tourists and researchers of flora and fauna, as well as their protection. The debate provides new perspectives for wildlife diseases, endangered species, diagnosis and prevention. Special emphasis is put on the application of health surveillance in the hunting ground, which as a comprehensive program aims to identify risky moments and their timely treatment. Unlike the previous point of view and resolution of any change (signs of disease) sanitation to shooting, this discussion highlights the negative sides of this approach and sanitation is the last resort, and not a measure of choice. Exceptions are diseases in which specific characteristics expressly require an annual harvest. The game requires avoiding unnecessary loss, and suggests other, more favorable prevention measures. The basic precondition for this approach is, of course, systematic monitoring and interpretation of the results of specialists in the field of flora and fauna. Ultimately, the paper highlights the need to implement protective measures against people and to prevent people's infections.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF WORKING CAPACITY EXPERTISE IN PATIENTS WITH HEARING LOSS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Boiko ◽  
T. G. Shimanskaya ◽  
O. N. Andreenko ◽  
N. N. Loginova ◽  
E. Yu. Okuneva
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Analytical Research

Results of the analytical research are given to justify methods of working capacity expertise in patients with hearing loss. The goal is to provide the successful professional rehabilitation of these workers and minimize the risk of occupational trauma or occupational disease because of harmful occupational factors. Since 2014 hearing loss patients have been allowed to work with many harmful and dangerous factors. Up-to-date laws and regulations have some logical contradictions with controversial interpretation. Some criteria for determination of working capacity in these workers have not been justified from the point of view of the professional risk yet. The paper discusses the need for the optimization of normative acts by the way of exclusion of logical contradictions and incorrect formulations. Today the determination of professional risk for the workers with hearing loss who work in noise and under the action of other harmful occupational factors is topical. According to results of this research the criteria of working capacity expertise for these cases should be revised to prevent health risk and disaster situations. Working capacity expertise in hearing loss patients should be provided by specialists in occupational medicine and labor protection. Individual peculiarities of the disease and prospective work place should be also taken into account.

scholarly journals Can NF-κB Be Considered a Valid Drug Target in Neoplastic Diseases? Our Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Labbozzetta ◽  
Monica Notarbartolo ◽  
Paola Poma
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Transcriptional Factor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neoplastic Diseases ◽  
Tumor Diseases

Multidrug resistance (MDR), of the innate and acquired types, is one of major problems in treating tumor diseases with a good chance of success. In this review, we examine the key role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to induce MDR in three tumor models characterized precisely by innate or acquired MDR, in particular triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also present different pharmacological approaches that our group have employed to reduce the expression/activation of this transcriptional factor and thus to restore chemo-sensitivity. Finally, we examine the latest scientific evidence found by other groups, the most significant clinical trials regarding NF-κB, and new perspectives on the possibility to consider this transcriptional factor a valid drug target in neoplastic diseases.

scholarly journals How to Manage COVID-19 Vaccination in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: An Expert Opinion by IMIDs Study Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferretti ◽  
Rosanna Cannatelli ◽  
Maurizio Benucci ◽  
Stefania Carmagnola ◽  
Emilio Clementi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Chronic Therapy ◽  
Vectored Vaccine

Since March 2020, the outbreak of Sars-CoV-2 pandemic has changed medical practice and daily routine around the world. Huge efforts from pharmacological industries have led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular two mRNA vaccines, namely the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and a viral-vectored vaccine, i.e. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), have recently been approved in Europe. Clinical trials on these vaccines have been published on the general population showing a high efficacy with minor adverse events. However, specific data about the efficacy and safety of these vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are still lacking. Moreover, the limited availability of these vaccines requires prioritizing some vulnerable categories of patients compared to others. In this position paper, we propose the point of view about the management of COVID-19 vaccination from Italian experts on IMIDs and the identification of high-risk groups according to the different diseases and their chronic therapy.

scholarly journals Teaching systems in occupational medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Castellote
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Postgraduate Teaching ◽  
Teaching Standards ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Teaching Modules

European Higher Education Area includes standards for graduate and postgraduate teaching, as well as a psycho-pedagogy framework. Improving learning strategies of students in occupational medicine, from the teachers point of view, deals fundamentally with improving learning environment. The goal of the present study is to assess and profile learning strategies in occupational medicine teaching modules. A sample with 53 undergraduate students who were enrolled in occupational health classes participate in the study. The students filled the Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F). Strategies used by students were related with the learning assessment performed at the end of the teaching term. Students expressed a significantly higher use of deep strategies (16±4) than surface strategies (14±2). Regarding performance, there was a direct relationship between deep strategies score and the learning assessment results. The findings support that, in occupational medicine, knowledge of learning strategies profiles will help to improve education. In order to improve teaching standards it is advisable applying assessment systems that allow adapting teaching methods to students’ profiles.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis: A Global Concern with Multiple Challenges in an Era of Advanced Therapeutic Complex Molecules and Biological Medicines

Biomedicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has become a common neurological disorder involving populations previously considered to be infrequently affected. Genetic dissemination from high- to low-risk groups is a determining influence interacting with environmental and epigenetic factors, mostly unidentified. Disease modifying therapies (DMT) are effective in treating relapsing MS in variable degrees; one agent is approved for primary progressive disease, and several are in development. In the era of high-efficacy medications, complex molecules, and monoclonal antibodies (MAB), including anti-VLA4 (natalizumab), anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab), and anti-CD20 (ocrelizumab), obtaining NEDA (no evidence of disease activity) becomes an elusive accomplishment in areas of the world where access to MS therapies and care are generally limited. Countries’ income and access to public MS care appear to be a shared socioeconomic challenge. This disparity is also notable in the utilization of diagnostic tools to adhere to the proposed elements of the McDonald Criteria. The impact of follow-on medications (“generics”); injectable non-biological complex drugs (NBCD), oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, and biosimilars (interferon 1-a and 1-b), utilized in many areas of the world, is disconcerting considering these products generally lack data documenting their efficacy and safety. Potential strategies addressing these concerns are discussed from an international point of view.

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