Effects of guava fruit intake on cardiometabolic diseases

2022 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Ram B. Singh ◽  
Douglas W. Wilson ◽  
Sergey Chibisov ◽  
Elena Kharlitskaya ◽  
Maria Abromova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Guava Fruit

Prevalence and Predictors of Fruit Intake Among Community College Women in the Extended Opportunity Program and Services

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve E. Shive ◽  
Michelle R. Neyman
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
College Women ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Eating Fruit ◽  
Opportunity Program

This study examined fruit intake among 276 female Extended Opportunity Program and Services (EOPS) community college students. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with fruit intake were determined. The attitudes which are potential predictors of daily fruit intake were also examined. Analysis showed that 33% ate fewer than the minimum recommended two daily servings of fruit. Students reported that fruit gave them energy, taste and cost were not barriers to consumption and that it would not be difficult to increase daily fruit consumption. A linear regression analysis revealed that beliefs that eating fruit leads to good health, having a habit of eating fruit, feeling energy, and weight loss accounted for 30% of the variance in fruit intake.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Coating with Gum – Arabic for Quality and Fruit Fly Control

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Esameldin B. M. Kabbashi, Ghada H. Abdelrahman and Nawal A. Abdlerahman
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Subtropical Fruit

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a lovely tropical and subtropical fruit that originates in Mexico, Central America, and then taken to other distant and near parts around the world. In Sudan this popular fruit is produced in orchards and household and is so profitable but yet attacked by a lot of fruit fly species of the Genera Ceratitis and Bactrocera and the result is a loss of more than 70%. This research aimed at evaluating the effect of Gum Arabic coating (GAC) in extending the shelf life of guava fruit and disinfesting it from these notorious pests. Guava fruits from Kadaro orchards, Khartoum North, were tested using seven concentrations of Gum Arabic solutions. The results reflect that 1: 4 (25%) and 1: 8 (12.5%) (GA: water) concentrations attained 56 and 40% disinfestation, respectively whereas the other lower concentrations effected corresponding results in a range from 20 – 08%. The reduction in maggots per test fruit reached upto 188% as compared to the control.  The highest concentrations (1: 4 & 1: 8) effected a sustainability of 52% in fruit firmness (FF) with an average of medium (3) FF compared to soft FF (4) in the control. The corresponding results in other lower concentrations (1: 16; 1: 32; 1: 64; 1: 72 & 1: 96) were 36, 24, 24, 20 and 16%, respectively. In addition to an average FF of 4 (soft) for all these concentrations and 5 (very soft) for all the corresponding controls. Nevertheless, the sustainability of fruit color (FC) effected by the test concentrations was 52, 44, 24, 22, 24, 20, and 24%, respectively. Regarding these results, the two highest test concentrations effected a sizeable disinfestation and control of fruit flies and a good extension of shelf life of guava in Khartoum State. These findings support using this treatment as an effective IPM tool to extend guava fruit shelf life and upgrading its postharvest quality.

Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardiometabolic Diseases and Related Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1480-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho-ichi Yamagishi ◽  
Takanori Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors, serpins. It was first identified as a neuronal differentiating factor secreted by human retinal pigment epithelial cells, and then found to be the most potent inhibitor of pathological angiogenesis in mammalian eyes. Recently, PEDF has been shown not only to suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in vascular wall cells, T cells and macrophages, and adipocytes, but also to exert antithrombotic and anti-fibrotic properties, thereby protecting against the development and progression of various cardiometabolic diseases and related complications. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that circulating PEDF levels may be a biomarker of severity and prognosis of these devastating disorders. Number of subjects with visceral obesity and insulin resistance is increasing, and the metabolic syndrome and its related complications, such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatits, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are a growing health challenge. Therefore, in this study, we review the pathophysiological role of PEDF in obesity and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetic eye and kidney complications, liver diseases, and reproductive system disorders, and discuss the potential clinical utility of modulating the expression and actions of PEDF for preventing these cardiometabolic disorders. We also refer to the clinical value of PEDF as a biomarker in cardiometabolic complications.

Complement Components, C3 and C4, and the Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Copenhaver ◽  
Chack-Yung Yu ◽  
Robert P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Complement System

Introduction: Increased systemic inflammation plays a significant role in the development of adult cardiometabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. The complement system is a part of the innate immune system and plays a key role in the regulation of inflammation. Of particular importance is the activation of complement components C3 and C4. C3 is produced primarily by the liver but is also produced in adipocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, all of which are present in adipose tissues. Dietary fat and chylomicrons stimulate C3 production. Adipocytes in addition to producing C3 also have receptors for activated C3 and other complement components and thus also respond to as well as produce a target for complement. C3adesArg, also known as acylation stimulation factor, increases adipocyte triglyceride synthesis and release. These physiological effects play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Epidemiologically, obese adults and non-obese adults with cardiometabolic disease who are not obese have been shown to have increased complement levels. C4 levels also correlate with body mass index. Genetically, specific C3 polymorphisms have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and. D decreased C4 long gene copy number is associated with increased longevity. Conclusion: Future research is clearly needed to clarify the role of complement in the development of cardiovascular disease and mechanisms for its action. The complement system may provide a new area for intervention in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals FRI0559 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIET QUALITY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD AND KNEE SYMPTOMS IN YOUNG ADULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 882.1-882
Author(s):  
T. Meng ◽  
J. Wilson ◽  
A. Venn ◽  
F. Cicuttini ◽  
L. March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Health And Fitness

Background:Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide, but no disease-modifying treatments are available. Existing treatments largely focus on relieving symptoms, but they may have substantial adverse effects. Identifying risk factors affecting knee symptoms is important for developing safer prevention strategies of knee OA symptoms.Objectives:To describe the associations between diet quality in childhood and adulthood and knee symptoms in young adults.Methods:Participants were from the Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey (ASHFS) in 1985, which was conducted to provide benchmark data on the health and fitness of Australian schoolchildren. During 2004-2006, participants were followed up in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH) Study. Dietary measures were collected in ASHFS (aged 10-15 years) and CDAH Study (aged 26-36 years) using food questionnaires. Diet quality was assessed by Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI), reflecting the adherence to Australian Dietary Guidelines. The DGI comprises 9 components and its maximum possible score is 100. A higher score indicated higher diet quality. During 2008-2010, participants (aged 31-41years) were followed up in the CDAH Knee Study. Knee symptoms were collected using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses were used to assess the associations between diet quality and knee symptoms. Age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, total energy intake, and knee injury history were included as potential confounders based on biological plausibility.Results:A total of 399 participants (48.4% were female) were included in analysis. The average childhood and adult DGI was 46.5 and 55.4, respectively. The prevalence of knee pain, stiffness and dysfunction was 35.1%. 31.6% and 39.9%, respectively. The overall childhood DGI was not associated with adult knee symptoms. However, the limited intake of discretionary foods in childhood was associated with lower pain (Mean ratio (MR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.00) and dysfunction (MR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99). The overall adult DGI was not associated with knee symptoms. However, replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats in adulthood was associated with lower WOMAC (Pain: MR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99; stiffness: MR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99; dysfunction: MR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), drinking water in adulthood was associated with lower stiffness (MR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99), and fruit intake in adulthood was associated with lower dysfunction (MR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99). Moreover, higher DGI score for dairy in adulthood was associated with higher WOMAC (Pain: MR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.13; stiffness: MR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.21; dysfunction: MR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21). The overall score change of DGI from childhood to adulthood was not associated with adult knee symptoms. However, the score change of replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from childhood to adulthood was associated with lower stiffness (MR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.98), and the score change of fruit intake was associated with lower dysfunction (MR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99).Conclusion:Several DGI component scores in childhood and adulthood and some changes of DGI component score from childhood to adulthood were associated with knee symptoms in young adults. The results suggested that early-life diet quality may affect knee symptoms in young adults.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals AI-Driven Framework for Recognition of Guava Plant Diseases through Machine Learning from DSLR Camera Sensor Based High Resolution Imagery

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Ahmad Almadhor ◽  
Hafiz Tayyab Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Ikram Ullah Lali ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius ◽  
Bader Alouffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Tree Classifier

Plant diseases can cause a considerable reduction in the quality and number of agricultural products. Guava, well known to be the tropics’ apple, is one significant fruit cultivated in tropical regions. It is attacked by 177 pathogens, including 167 fungal and others such as bacterial, algal, and nematodes. In addition, postharvest diseases may cause crucial production loss. Due to minor variations in various guava disease symptoms, an expert opinion is required for disease analysis. Improper diagnosis may cause economic losses to farmers’ improper use of pesticides. Automatic detection of diseases in plants once they emerge on the plants’ leaves and fruit is required to maintain high crop fields. In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven framework is presented to detect and classify the most common guava plant diseases. The proposed framework employs the ΔE color difference image segmentation to segregate the areas infected by the disease. Furthermore, color (RGB, HSV) histogram and textural (LBP) features are applied to extract rich, informative feature vectors. The combination of color and textural features are used to identify and attain similar outcomes compared to individual channels, while disease recognition is performed by employing advanced machine-learning classifiers (Fine KNN, Complex Tree, Boosted Tree, Bagged Tree, Cubic SVM). The proposed framework is evaluated on a high-resolution (18 MP) image dataset of guava leaves and fruit. The best recognition results were obtained by Bagged Tree classifier on a set of RGB, HSV, and LBP features (99% accuracy in recognizing four guava fruit diseases (Canker, Mummification, Dot, and Rust) against healthy fruit). The proposed framework may help the farmers to avoid possible production loss by taking early precautions.

scholarly journals Cardio- and Neurometabolic Adipobiology: Consequences and Implications for Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4137
Author(s):  
Jan Frohlich ◽  
George N. Chaldakov ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurotrophin 3

Studies over the past 30 years have revealed that adipose tissue is the major endocrine and paracrine organ of the human body. Arguably, adiopobiology has taken its reasonable place in studying obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is viewed herein as a neurometabolic disorder. The pathogenesis and therapy of these diseases are multiplex at basic, clinical and translational levels. Our present goal is to describe new developments in cardiometabolic and neurometabolic adipobiology. Accordingly, we focus on adipose- and/or skeletal muscle-derived signaling proteins (adipsin, adiponectin, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neuroptrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, irisin, sirtuins, Klotho, neprilysin, follistatin-like protein-1, meteorin-like (metrnl), as well as growth differentiation factor 11) as examples of metabotrophic factors (MTFs) implicated in the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity and related CMDs. We argue that these pathologies are MTF-deficient diseases. In 1993 the “vascular hypothesis of AD” was published and in the present review we propose the “vasculometabolic hypothesis of AD.” We discuss how MTFs could bridge CMDs and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Greater insights on how to manage the MTF network would provide benefits to the quality of human life.

Periodontitis Is Related to Exercise Capacity: Two Cross-sectional Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199542
Author(s):  
B. Holtfreter ◽  
B. Stubbe ◽  
S. Gläser ◽  
J. Trabandt ◽  
H. Völzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Number Of Teeth

Although a potential link between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a reasonable explanation for effects of tooth-related alterations seen on cardiometabolic diseases, evidence is currently limited. Thus, we investigated the association between clinically assessed periodontitis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Data from 2 independent cross-sectional population-based studies (5-y follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania [SHIP-1; N = 1,639] and SHIP-Trend-0 [ N = 2,439]) were analyzed. Participants received a half-mouth periodontal examination, and teeth were counted. CPET was based on symptom limited-exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. Associations of periodontitis parameters with CPET parameters were analyzed by confounder-adjusted multivariable linear regression. In the total sample, mean pocket probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment levels, and number of teeth were consistently associated with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and exercise duration in both studies, even after restriction to cardiorespiratory healthy participants. Statistically significant associations with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT), slope of the efficiency of ventilation in removing carbon dioxide, and peak oxygen pulse (VÉ/VCO2 slope) occurred. Further, interactions with age were identified, such that mainly older individuals with higher levels of periodontal disease severity were associated with lower peakVO2. Restricted to never smokers, associations with mean clinical attachment levels and the number of teeth mostly diminished, while associations of mean PPD with peakVO2, VO2@AT, VÉ/VCO2 slope, and exercise duration in SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend-0 were confirmed. In SHIP-1, mean peakVO2 was 1,895 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 1.6 mm and 1,809 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 3.7 mm. To conclude, only mean PPD reflecting current disease severity was consistently linked to cardiorespiratory fitness in 2 cross-sectional samples of the general population. If confirmed in well-designed large-scale longitudinal studies, the association between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a biologically plausible mechanism linking periodontitis with cardiometabolic diseases.

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