Current evidence on the modulatory effects of food proteins and peptides in inflammation and gut microbiota

Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, have become global health issues. The etiology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. Current evidence suggests the association of gut microbiota with metabolic diseases. However, the effects of glucose-lowering agents on gut microbiota are poorly understood. Several studies revealed that these agents affect the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and consequently improve glucose metabolism and energy balance. Possible underlying mechanisms include affecting gene expression, lowering levels of inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, gut microbiota may alleviate adverse effects caused by glucose-lowering agents, and this can be especially beneficial in diabetic patients who experience severe gastrointestinal side effects and have to discontinue these agents. In conclusion, gut microbiota may provide a novel viewpoint for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

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Ginsenosides, catechins, quercetin and gut microbiota: Current evidence of challenging interactions

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 42-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Rosaria Santangelo ◽

Andrea Silvestrini ◽

Cesare Mancuso

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Current Evidence

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Vegetable waste and by-products to feed a healthy gut microbiota: Current evidence, machine learning and computational tools to design novel microbiome-targeted foods

Trends in Food Science & Technology ◽

10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Sabater ◽

Inés Calvete ◽

Mar Villamiel ◽

F. Javier Moreno ◽

Abelardo Margolles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Computational Tools ◽

By Products

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Food Proteins and Peptides

Advanced Mass Spectrometry for Food Safety and Quality - Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00006-6 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 309-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Roberto Samperi ◽

Anna Laura Capriotti ◽

Chiara Cavaliere ◽

Valentina Colapicchioni ◽

Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Proteins ◽

Proteins And Peptides

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Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrizia D’Aquila ◽

Laurie Lynn Carelli ◽

Francesco De Rango ◽

Giuseppe Passarino ◽

Dina Bellizzi

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Histone Modifications ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

Complex Ecosystem ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

And Function

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms that inhabit symbiotically on and in the human intestine. They carry out, through the production of a series of metabolites, many important metabolic functions that complement the activity of mammalian enzymes and play an essential role in host digestion. Interindividual variability of microbiota structure, and consequently of the expression of its genes (microbiome), was largely ascribed to the nutritional regime. Diet influences microbiota composition and function with short- and long-term effects. In spite of the vast literature, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the role exerted by gut microbiota and, more specifically, by its metabolites in the establishment of the host epigenome. The interest in this topic stems from the fact that, by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, the gut microbiota does affect the cell activities of the hosting organism.

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Effect of Hesperidin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota on Hesperidin Bioavailability

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna Mas-Capdevila ◽

Joan Teichenne ◽

Cristina Domenech-Coca ◽

Antoni Caimari ◽

Josep M Del Bas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

High Interindividual Variability

Recently, hesperidin, a flavonone mainly present in citrus fruits, has emerged as a new potential therapeutic agent able to modulate several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors. Animal and in vitro studies demonstrate beneficial effects of hesperidin and its derived compounds on CVD risk factors. Thus, hesperidin has shown glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic models, dyslipidemia-, atherosclerosis-, and obesity-preventing effects in CVDs and obese models, and antihypertensive and antioxidant effects in hypertensive models. However, there is still controversy about whether hesperidin could contribute to ameliorate glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity, and blood pressure in humans, as evidenced by several clinical trials reporting no effects of treatments with this flavanone or with orange juice on these cardiovascular parameters. In this review, we focus on hesperidin’s beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, paying special attention to the high interindividual variability in response to hesperidin-based acute and chronic interventions, which can be partly attributed to differences in gut microbiota. Based on the current evidence, we suggest that some of hesperidin’s contradictory effects in human trials are partly due to the interindividual hesperidin variability in its bioavailability, which in turn is highly dependent on the α-rhamnosidase activity and gut microbiota composition.

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Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products: Digestion, Metabolism and Modulation of Gut Microbial Ecology

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Matthew Snelson ◽

Melinda Coughlan

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Conflicting Evidence ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Pass Through ◽

The Impact

The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in foods is accelerated with heat treatment, particularly within foods that are cooked at high temperatures for long periods of time using dry heat. The modern processed diet is replete with AGEs, and excessive AGE consumption is thought to be associated with a number of negative health effects. Many dietary AGEs have high molecular weight and are not absorbed in the intestine, and instead pass through to the colon, where they are available for metabolism by the colonic bacteria. Recent studies have been conducted to explore the effects of AGEs on the composition of the gut microbiota as well as the production of beneficial microbial metabolites, in particular, short-chain fatty acids. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of dietary AGEs on gut microbiota reshaping, which may be due, in part, to the formation of alternate compounds during the thermal treatment of foods. This review summarises the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs, their gastrointestinal absorption and role in gut microbiota reshaping, provides a brief overview of the health implications of dietary AGEs and highlights knowledge gaps and avenues for future study.

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Dietary Gluten as a Conditioning Factor of the Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz080 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Karla A Bascuñán ◽

Magdalena Araya ◽

Leda Roncoroni ◽

Luisa Doneda ◽

Luca Elli

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Environmental Trigger ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Intimate Relation ◽

And Function

ABSTRACT The gut microbiota plays a relevant role in determining an individual's health status, and the diet is a major factor in modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Gluten constitutes an essential dietary component in Western societies and is the environmental trigger of celiac disease. The presence/absence of gluten in the diet can change the diversity and proportions of the microbial communities constituting the gut microbiota. There is an intimate relation between gluten metabolism and celiac disease pathophysiology and gut microbiota; their interrelation defines intestinal health and homeostasis. Environmental factors modify the intestinal microbiota and, in turn, its changes modulate the mucosal and immune responses. Current evidence from studies of young and adult patients with celiac disease increasingly supports that dysbiosis (i.e., compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiome) is present in celiac disease, but to what extent this is a cause or consequence of the disease and whether the different intestinal diseases (celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease) have specific change patterns is not yet clear. The use of bacterial-origin enzymes that help completion of gluten digestion is of interest because of the potential application as coadjuvant in the current treatment of celiac disease. In this narrative review, we address the current knowledge on the complex interaction between gluten digestion and metabolism, celiac disease, and the intestinal microbiota.

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Potential Role for the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Host Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Health

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7020041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Shanthi Parkar ◽

Andries Kalsbeek ◽

James Cheeseman

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Energy Regulation ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Daily Rhythmicity ◽

Good Sleep

This article reviews the current evidence associating gut microbiota with factors that impact host circadian-metabolic axis, such as light/dark cycles, sleep/wake cycles, diet, and eating patterns. We examine how gut bacteria possess their own daily rhythmicity in terms of composition, their localization to intestinal niches, and functions. We review evidence that gut bacteria modulate host rhythms via microbial metabolites such as butyrate, polyphenolic derivatives, vitamins, and amines. Lifestyle stressors such as altered sleep and eating patterns that may disturb the host circadian system also influence the gut microbiome. The consequent disruptions to microbiota-mediated functions such as decreased conjugation of bile acids or increased production of hydrogen sulfide and the resultant decreased production of butyrate, in turn affect substrate oxidation and energy regulation in the host. Thus, disturbances in microbiome rhythms may at least partially contribute to an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment. Good sleep and a healthy diet appear to be essential for maintaining gut microbial balance. Manipulating daily rhythms of gut microbial abundance and activity may therefore hold promise for a chrononutrition-based approach to consolidate host circadian rhythms and metabolic homeorhesis.

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