Replacing organic with mineral N fertilization does not reduce nitrate leaching in double crop forage systems under Mediterranean conditions

This study aims to evaluate the effects of new-BioFertilizing Amendments (BFAs) deriving from fast organic matter decomposition of Animal ByProducts (ABPs) in comparison with ordinary soil organic amendments (compost), mineral N-fertilizers and no fertilization, on durum wheat development and production in a field trial under Mediterranean conditions. Results showed taller plants with heavier spikes and greater vigor in plots fertilized with BFAs when compared to no fertilization and N-fertilization, respectively. Likewise, BFAs fertilization resulted in higher protein content, gluten content, protein yields and higher values of yellow index with respect to no fertilization and N-fertilization. In contrast, lower values for test weight in correspondence of BFAs fertilization as well as no statistically significant differences on grain yield and gluten index were found. These preliminary results suggest that replacing N-fertilization with BFAs can be effective to ensure crop quality and yield stability in Mediterranean conditions.

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Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1300

Author(s):

Janusz Prusiński ◽

Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽

Magdalena Borowska

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Plant Density ◽

Higher Plants ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

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Production of cabbage grown in pots containing legumes' root and shoot

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2012000500015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 689-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago de Oliveira Vargas ◽

Ellen Rúbia Diniz ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽

Alysson Roberto de Almeida ◽

Segundo Urquiaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Legume Species ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Whole Plant

Roots effect is not generally considered in studies assessing the performance of crops in response to green manuring. However, such effect can contribute to a better understanding of crop rotation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of root and shoot of two legumes on the production of cabbage. The experiment was conducted in pots of 10 liters containing substrate of 2:1 soil/sand. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (2x3 + 2) in a randomized block design with five replicates using two legume species (Crotalaria juncea L. and Canavalia ensiformis L), three plant parts (root, shoot, or whole plant), and two additional treatments (mineral fertilization with 100% and 50% of the recommended dose of N for growing cabbage). Pots with legume treatments received mineral fertilizer with 50% of the recommended dose of N for growing cabbage. The experimental plot consisted of a pot containing one plant of cabbage. Legumes were grown in pots and harvested at 78 days. The root biomass was determined in extra pots. Production was assessed using head fresh and dry weight. The application of the whole plant of both legume species reduced cabbage production. However, root or shoot of both legume species was equivalent to 50% of mineral N fertilization required for the cultivation of cabbage.

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Effects of the timing of ploughing-in temporary leguminous pastures and two winter cover crops on nitrogen mineralization, nitrate leaching and spring wheat growth

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600071185 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

G. S. Francis ◽

R. J. Haynes ◽

P. H. Williams

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Cover Crops ◽

N Uptake ◽

First Year ◽

Mineral N ◽

Leaching Losses ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops ◽

Second Year

SUMMARYTwo field experiments at Canterbury, New Zealand during 1991–93 investigated the effect of the timing of ploughing a 4-year-old ryegrass/white clover pasture and the effect of two winter cover crops on subsequent N mineralization, nitrate leaching and growth and N uptake of the following wheat crops.Net N mineralization of organic N (of plant and soil origin) increased with increased fallow period between ploughing and leaching. The total amount of N accumulated in the profile by the start of winter ranged from 107 to 131 and from 42 to 45 kg N/ha for fallow treatments started in March and May respectively. Winter wheat (planted in May) had no effect on mineral N contents by the start of winter, whereas greenfeed (GF) oats (planted in March) significantly reduced the mineral N content in one year.Cumulative leaching losses over the first winter after ploughing-in pasture varied markedly between years in relation to rainfall amount and distribution. Leaching losses were greater from the March fallow (72–106 kg N/ha) than the May fallow treatments (8–52 kg N/ha). Winter wheat did not reduce leaching losses in either year. GF oats did not reduce losses in 1991/92, but losses in 1992/93, when major drainage events occurred late in the winter, were only c. 40% of those under fallow.Incorporation of a large amount (> 7 t/ha dry matter) of pasture or GF oat residue in spring depressed yield and total N uptake of the following spring wheat, largely due to net N immobilization which could be overcome by the application of fertilizer N.First-year treatments had very little residual effect in the second year. Leaching losses over the second winter (mean 142 kg N/ha) were largely unaffected by the extent of first year leaching losses. Second year leaching losses were greater than first year losses, probably due to the greater amount of mineral N at depth in the soil before the start of the second winter.

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The Response of the Soil Microbiota to Long-Term Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Fertilization is Stronger in the Bulk Soil than in the Rhizosphere

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11040456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 456 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Massimiliano Cardinale ◽

Stefan Ratering ◽

Aitak Sadeghi ◽

Sushil Pokhrel ◽

Bernd Honermeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N Fertilization ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Future Research ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Mineral N ◽

Bacterial Microbiota

The effects of different agronomic practices, such as fertilization regimes, can be experimentally tested in long-term experiments (LTE). Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizations on the bacterial microbiota in both rhizosphere and bulk soil of sugar beet, in the Giessen-LTE (Germany). Fertilization treatments included mineral-N, manure, mineral-N + manure and no N-amendment. Metabarcoding and co-occurrence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, qPCR of amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ-I and nosZ-II genes and soil physico-chemical analyses were performed. The effect of the fertilization treatments was more evident in the bulk soil, involving 33.1% of the microbiota. Co-occurrence analysis showed a rhizosphere cluster, dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (hub taxa: Betaproteobacteriales), and a bulk soil cluster, dominated by Acidobacteria, Gemmatominadetes and “Latescibacteria” (hub taxa: Acidobacteria). In the bulk soil, mineral N-fertilization reduced nirK, amoA, nosZ-I and nosZ-II genes. Thirteen Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed 23 negative correlations with gene relative abundances. These OTUs likely represent opportunistic species that profited from the amended mineral-N and outgrew the species carrying N-cycle genes. Our results indicate trajectories for future research on soil microbiome in LTE and add new experimental evidence that will be helpful for sustainable management of nitrogen fertilizations on arable soils.

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Influence of legume crops on content of organic carbon in sandy soil

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.1515/ssa-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 52-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Edmund Hajduk ◽

Stanisław Właśniewski ◽

Ewa Szpunar-Krok

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Pure Culture ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Mineral N ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Naked Oats ◽

Higher Doses

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment designed to evaluate the content of organic carbon in brown soil (Haplic Cambisol Dystric) developed from a light loamy sand under legumes cultivation. Experimental factors were: species of legume crop (colorful-blooming pea(Pisum sativum), chickling vetch(Lathyrus sativus), narrow-leafed lupin(Lupinus angustifolius), methods of legumes tillage (legumes in pure culture and in mixture with naked oats) and mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N·ha−1). Cultivation of legumes on sandy soil did not result in an increase of organic carbon content in the soil after harvest as compared to the initial situation, i.e. 7.39 vs. 7.76 g·kg−1dry matter (DM), on average, respectively. However, there was the beneficial effect of this group of plants on soil abundance in organic matter, the manifestation of which was higher content of organic carbon in soils after legume harvest as compared to soils with oats grown (7.21 g·kg−1DM, on average). Among experimental crops, cultivation of pea exerted the most positive action to organic carbon content (7.58 g·kg−1, after harvest, on average), whereas narrow-leaved lupin had the least effect on organic carbon content (7.23 g·kg−1, on average). Pure culture and greater intensity of legume cultivation associated with the use of higher doses of mineral nitrogen caused less reduction in organic carbon content in soils after harvest.

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Crop rotation versus monoculture; yield, N yield and ear fraction of silage maize at different levels of mineral N fertilization

NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/s1573-5214(01)80026-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 405-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

F. Nevens ◽

D. Reheul

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Silage Maize ◽

N Yield ◽

Different Levels

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Data on spatio-temporal representation of mineral N fertilization and manure N application as well as ammonia volatilization in French regions for the crop year 2005/06

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2018.09.119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 1119-1124

Author(s):

Sophie Génermont ◽

Maharavo Marie Julie Ramanantenasoa ◽

Karine Dufosse ◽

Olivier Maury ◽

Catherine Mignolet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Volatilization ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

N Application ◽

Temporal Representation ◽

Spatio Temporal

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Validation of the GLEAMS simulation model for estimating net nitrogen mineralisation and nitrate leaching under cropping in Canterbury, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr00055 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1015 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. H. Webb ◽

L. R. Lilburne ◽

G. S. Francis

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Management Practices ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Data Sets ◽

Mineral N ◽

Validation Data ◽

Loading Effects ◽

Annual Amount ◽

Gleams Model

Simulation models require testing and calibration prior to their application to regions beyond those involved in their development. This paper reports on the calibration and testing of the groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems (GLEAMS) model for the simulation of nitrate leaching under cropping in Canterbury. The GLEAMS model was first calibrated using crop and nitrogen leaching data collected from 4 consecutive years (1991–94) of spring-sown cereals following the ploughing of a temporary grass/clover pasture. Nitrate leaching losses were calculated from a combination of measured soil-solution nitrate concentration at 0.6 m depth, estimated drainage, and mineral N from soil cores. These calculated leached-N values were then used to calibrate the GLEAMS model. Parameters controlling denitrification and mineralisation rate in the model needed modification to provide sufficient mineral N for plant growth and nitrate leaching. The calibrated model was then tested against 3 independent validation data sets that were collected over 3 years from an adjacent experimental site, under the same management practices. Predictions from the calibrated GLEAMS model provided close agreement with measured values of mineralisation and leached N for the validation data sets. The amount of leached N averaged 43 kg N/ha.year and varied from 14 to 104 kg N/ha.year. The annual amount of drainage accounted for 97% of the variance in leached N, but the period in arable cropping was poorly correlated with leached N.

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