Increased fat mass may be protective of bone mass in young male cancer survivors

AbstractObesity has previously been thought to protect bone since high body weight and body mass index are associated with high bone mass. However, some more recent studies suggest that increased adiposity negatively impacts bone mass. Here, we aimed to test whether acute loss of adipose tissue, via adipocyte apoptosis, alters bone mass in age-related obese mice. Adipocyte apoptosis was induced in obese male FAT-ATTAC mice through AP20187 dimerizer-mediated activation of caspase 8 selectively in adipocytes. In a short-term experiment, dimerizer was administered to 5.5 month-old mice that were terminated 2 weeks later. At termination, the total fat mass weighed 58% less in dimerizer-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated controls, but bone mass did not differ. To allow for the detection of long-term effects, we used 9-month-old mice that were terminated six weeks after dimerizer administration. In this experiment, the total fat mass weighed less (− 68%) in the dimerizer-treated mice than in the controls, yet neither bone mass nor biomechanical properties differed between groups. Our findings show that adipose tissue loss, despite the reduced mechanical loading, does not affect bone in age-related obese mice. Future studies are needed to test whether adipose tissue loss is beneficial during more severe obesity.

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High risk of hypogonadism in young male cancer survivors

Clinical Endocrinology ◽

10.1111/cen.13534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 432-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. Isaksson ◽

K. Bogefors ◽

O. Ståhl ◽

J. Eberhard ◽

Y.L. Giwercman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Young Male

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Decreasing the Ratio of Dietary Linoleic to α-Linolenic Acid from 10 to 4 by Changing Only the Former Does Not Prevent Adiposity or Bone Deterioration in Obese Mice

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (6) ◽

pp. 1370-1378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jay J Cao ◽

Brian R Gregoire ◽

Kim G Michelsen ◽

Matthew J Picklo Sr

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Low Grade ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Serum Trap

ABSTRACT Background Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n–6) has been considered to promote low-grade chronic inflammation and adiposity. Studies show adiposity and inflammation are inversely associated with bone mass. Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that decreasing the dietary ratio of LA to α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n–3), while keeping ALA constant, mitigates high-fat diet (HF)-induced adiposity and bone loss. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice at 6 wk old were assigned to 4 treatment groups and fed 1 of the following diets ad libitum for 6 mo: a normal-fat diet (NF; 3.85 kcal/g and 10% energy as fat) with the ratio of the PUFAs LA to ALA at 6; or HFs (4.73 kcal/g and 45% energy as fat) with the ratio of LA to ALA at 10:1, 7:1, or 4:1, respectively. ALA content in the diets was kept the same for all groups at 1% energy. Bone structure, body composition, bone-related cytokines in serum, and gene expression in bone were measured. Data were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA. Results Compared with those fed the NF, mice fed the HFs had 19.6% higher fat mass (P < 0.01) and 13.5% higher concentration of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (P < 0.05), a bone resorption cytokine. Mice fed the HFs had 19.5% and 12.2% lower tibial and second lumbar vertebral bone mass, respectively (P < 0.01). Decreasing the dietary ratio of LA to ALA from 10 to 4 did not affect body mass, fat mass, serum TRAP and TNF-α, or any bone structural parameters. Conclusions These data indicate that decreasing the dietary ratio of LA to ALA from 10 to 4 by simply reducing LA intake does not prevent adiposity or improve bone structure in obese mice.

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Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Bone Mass in Children and Adolescents

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-00353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 892-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joseph M Kindler ◽

Andrea J Lobene ◽

Kara A Vogel ◽

Berdine R Martin ◽

Linda D McCabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Total Body ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Context Insulin resistance is an adverse health outcome that accompanies obesity. Fat mass is negatively associated with the bone mass after adjustment for confounders. Insulin resistance might be an intermediary in this relationship. Objective To determine whether insulin resistance is an intermediary in the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in adolescents. Design Cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a previous randomized trial. Setting University research facility. Participants A total of 240 adolescents (68% female), aged 7 to 15 years. Main Outcome Measures Using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass were measured. Skeletal sites of interest included the total body and lumbar spine (LS). Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape measure. Insulin and glucose were measured in fasting sera, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Path analysis was performed to determine whether the relationship between adiposity and bone was mediated through insulin resistance. Results Fat mass (r = 0.467; P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.487; P < 0.001) correlated positively with HOMA-IR. Controlling for race, sex, maturation, lean mass, and height, fat mass, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR were negatively associated with LS BMC and total body areal bone mineral density (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, path models for fat mass (95% CI, −5.893 to −0.956) and waist circumference (95% CI, −15.473 to −2.124) showed a negative relationship with LS BMC via HOMA-IR. Conclusions These results support an intermediary role of insulin resistance in the relationship between adiposity and LS bone mass.

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Risk for osteoporosis in gastric cancer survivorship.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 121-121

Author(s):

Sumin Jeong ◽

Dong Wook Shin ◽

Ji Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Relative Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Cancer Survivorship ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

T Score ◽

History Of

121 Background: Gastrectomy is a risk factor for low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the relative risk for osteoporosis in gastric cancer survivorship compared to general population. Methods: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III-IV), 2008-2011, we identified the 8,156 individuals over 50 years old who have been tested the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Gastric cancer survivors (n = 103) who had a history of gastric cancer in questionnaire were defined as case. Control subjects were matched to case subjects by age (plus or minus 1 year) and sex with 1:5 ratio. Osteopenia ( -2.5 < T-score < -1.0 ) and osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -2.5) were used to define the status of bone mass. We performed multinominal logistic regression to compare the risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis between case and control. Results: After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity and bone health related history (history of fracture or family history of osteoporosis), there was a significant high risk for osteopenia (adjusted relative risk (RR) = 2.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–7.25) and osteoporosis (adjusted RR = 4.63; 95% CI 1.12–13.3) in gastric cancer survivor. The risk for osteoporosis was most prominent for femur total in gastric cancer survivors (adjusted RR = 16.3; 95% CI 3.35–82.6). In addition, the serum Vitamin D level was lower in gastric cancer survivors (20.3 ± 0.5 IU vs 17.5 ± 1.2 IU, p-value = 0.011). Conclusions: Gastric cancer survivors showed significantly high risk for osteoporosis. Our finding clinically implies the importance of managing osteoporosis in gastric cancer survivors.[Table: see text]

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Fat Mass Exerts a Greater Effect on Cortical Bone Mass in Girls than Boys

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2009-1907 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 699-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Adrian Sayers ◽

Jonathan H. Tobias

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Positive Association ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cortical Bone Mineral Density ◽

Cortical Bone Mass

Abstract Context: It is unclear whether fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) differ in the way they influence cortical bone development in boys and girls. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the contributions of total body FM and LM to parameters related to cortical bone mass and geometry. Design/Setting: We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants: A total of 4005 boys and girls (mean age, 15.5 yr) participated in the study. Outcome Measures: We measured cortical bone mass, cortical bone mineral content (BMCC), cortical bone mineral density, periosteal circumference (PC), and endosteal circumference by tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results: LM had a similar positive association with BMCC in boys and girls [regression coefficients with 95% confidence interval (CI); P for gender interactions: boys/girls, 0.952 (0.908, 0.997); P = 0.85]. However, the mechanisms by which LM influenced bone mass differed according to gender because LM was positively associated with PC more strongly in girls [boys, 0.579 (0.522, 0.635); girls, 0.799 (0.722, 0.875); P < 0.0001], but was only associated with cortical bone mineral density in boys [boys, 0.443 (0.382, 0.505); girls, 0.014 (−0.070, 0.097); P < 0.0001]. There was a stronger positive association between FM and BMCC in girls [boys, 0.227 (0.185, 0.269); girls, 0.355 (0.319, 0.392); P < 0.0001]. This reflected both a greater positive association of FM with PC in girls [boys, 0.213 (0.174, 0.253); girls, 0.312 (0.278, 0.347); P = 0.0002], and a stronger negative association with endosteal circumferencePC [boys, −0.059 (−0.096, 0.021); girls, −0.181 (−0.215, −0.146); P < 0.0001]. Conclusions: Whereas LM stimulates the accrual of cortical bone mass to a similar extent in boys and girls, FM is a stronger stimulus for accrual of cortical bone mass in girls, reflecting a greater tendency in females for FM to stimulate periosteal growth and suppress endosteal expansion.

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How Informative are the Vertical Buoyancy and the Prone Gliding Tests to Assess Young Swimmers' Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Profiles?

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/v10078-012-0020-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 21-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tiago Barbosa ◽

Mário Costa ◽

Jorge Morais ◽

Marc Moreira ◽

António Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Flow Model ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Young Male ◽

The Body ◽

Mean Square ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Stroke Length ◽

Stroke Frequency

How Informative are the Vertical Buoyancy and the Prone Gliding Tests to Assess Young Swimmers' Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Profiles? The aim of this research was to develop a path-flow analysis model to highlight the relationships between buoyancy and prone gliding tests and some selected anthropometrical and biomechanical variables. Thirty-eight young male swimmers (12.97 ± 1.05 years old) with several competitive levels were evaluated. It were assessed the body mass, height, fat mass, body surface area, vertical buoyancy, prone gliding after wall push-off, stroke length, stroke frequency and velocity after a maximal 25 [m] swim. The confirmatory model included the body mass, height, fat mass, prone gliding test, stroke length, stroke frequency and velocity. All theoretical paths were verified except for the vertical buoyancy test that did not present any relationship with anthropometrical and biomechanical variables nor with the prone gliding test. The good-of-fit from the confirmatory path-flow model, assessed with the standardized root mean square residuals (SRMR), is considered as being close to the cut-off value, but even so not suitable of the theory (SRMR = 0.11). As a conclusion, vertical buoyancy and prone gliding tests are not the best techniques to assess the swimmer's hydrostatic and hydrodynamic profile, respectively.

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