The increase in embodied exergy to produce metal proportional to the decrease in mineral concentration

Abstract Vitamin D supplementation in infancy is recommended to prevent rickets. At the population level, its effects on bone mineralisation are largely unknown. We aimed to explore whether adherence to national vitamin D supplementation guidelines (10 µg/day up to age 2 years), supplementation at ages 5 and 7 years, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) at various time points associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at age 7 years in the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark (n=1,194). High adherence was defined as supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D 6-7 times per week during ≥ 80 % of the observation time. S-25(OH)D was analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total-body-less-head (TBLH) BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At median age 18.1 months, 53.9 % (n=475/881) reported high adherence. The median s-25(OH)D was 64.7, 78.8, 46.0, and 71.8 nmol/l in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, cord blood, and at 5 years, respectively. The mean (SD) TBLH BMD at median age 7.1 years was 0.613 (0.049) g/cm2 (z-score +0.363 (0.824)). In adjusted analyses, vitamin D supplementation up to 18 months, and at 5 and 7 years, was not associated with TBLH BMD. Similarly, no robust associations were found between TBLH BMD and s-25(OH)D at any time point. No associations were found for TBLH bone mineral concentration or bone area. In this population with relatively high s-25(OH)D concentrations, no consistent associations were found between adherence to vitamin D supplementation recommendations or vitamin D status in pregnancy or childhood, and bone mineralisation at age 7 years.

Download Full-text

Patterns of Enamel Maturation

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345790580024201 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 58 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 883-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

P.L. Glick

Keyword(s):

Microprobe Analysis ◽

Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽

Organic Matrix ◽

Enamel Matrix ◽

Concentration Gradients ◽

Mineralization Process ◽

Quantitative Electron Microscopy ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Process Pattern ◽

Enamel Mineralization

Investigations of the maturation pattern of rat incisor enamel by quantitative electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis indicate that mineralization of rat enamel can be regarded, as in humans, as a regular and progressive process pattern of enamel matrix formation. The species variations that have been proposed in the pattern of enamel mineralization can be related to differences in both the rate of formation of the enamel matrix and in the total thickness of the enamel produced. Neither the microradiographic appearance of developing enamel, nor the solubility and staining characteristics of the organic matrix accurately reflects the mineral concentration gradients established during the mineralization process as indicated from electron microprobe analysis.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria with Biostimulant Features on the Growth of a Local Onion Cultivar and a Commercial Zucchini Variety

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 888

Author(s):

Giorgia Novello ◽

Patrizia Cesaro ◽

Elisa Bona ◽

Nadia Massa ◽

Fabio Gosetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Global Market ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Onion Cultivar ◽

Growth Promoting

The reduction of chemical inputs due to fertilizer and pesticide applications is a target shared both by farmers and consumers in order to minimize the side effects for human and environmental health. Among the possible strategies, the use of biostimulants has become increasingly important as demonstrated by the fast growth of their global market and by the increased rate of registration of new products. In this work, we assessed the effects of five bacterial strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf4, P. putida S1Pf1, P. protegens Pf7, P. migulae 8R6, and Pseudomonas sp. 5Vm1K), which were chosen according to their previously reported plant growth promotion traits and their positive effects on fruit/seed nutrient contents, on a local onion cultivar and on zucchini. The possible variations induced by the inoculation with the bacterial strains on the onion nutritional components were also evaluated. Inoculation resulted in significant growth stimulation and improvement of the mineral concentration of the onion bulb, induced particularly by 5Vm1K and S1Pf1, and in different effects on the flowering of the zucchini plants according to the bacterial strain. The present study provides new information regarding the activity of the five plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains on onion and zucchini, two plant species rarely considered by the scientific literature despite their economic relevance.

Download Full-text

Toenail mineral concentration and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, results from the Golestan Cohort Study

Cancer Medicine ◽

10.1002/cam4.1247 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 3052-3059 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maryam Hashemian ◽

Gwen Murphy ◽

Arash Etemadi ◽

Hossein Poustchi ◽

John D. Brockman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Mineral Concentration

Download Full-text

Spatial relationship between elephant and sodium concentration of water disappears as density increases in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467407004531 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 725-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Simon Chamaillé-Jammes ◽

Hervé Fritz ◽

Ricardo M. Holdo

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Spatial Relationship ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

African Elephants ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Savanna Vegetation ◽

Selection Processes ◽

Elephant Population ◽

Hwange National Park ◽

Nutrient Selection

African elephants Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach) may profoundly affect vegetation and associated animal bio-diversity in savannas (Conybeare 2004, Skarpe et al. 2004). Understanding the patterns of habitat use by elephants is crucial to predict their impacts on ecosystems (Ben-Shahar 1993, Nelleman et al. 2002), particularly now that many populations are recovering from past culling events or poaching outbreaks (Blanc et al. 2007). Surface water is one of the major constraints on elephant distribution (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, Stokke & du Toit 2002), and accordingly, elephant impacts are higher in the vicinity of water (Ben-Shahar 1993, de Beer et al. 2006). However, waterhole selection by elephant remains poorly understood. Weir (1972) showed in Hwange National Park (hereafter Hwange NP), Zimbabwe, that elephant numbers at waterholes over 24 h increased with the sodium concentration of water on nutrient-poor Kalahari sands. His work has become widely cited in elephant studies as it remains the only one, to the best of our knowledge, to have studied elephant use of waterholes in relation to the mineral concentration of water. Weir's work, however, took place when elephant densities in Hwange NP were low, likely below 0.5 elephants km−2 as estimated by aerial censuses (Williamson 1975). Since then, the elephant population has increased dramatically, particularly since the halt to culling operations in 1986 (Chamaillé-Jammes 2006, Cumming 1981). The present elephant density is much higher, estimated to be over 2 elephants km−2 (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, in press), and is one of the highest in the world (Blanc et al. 2007). Increased density may modify ecological constraints and affect the hierarchy of habitat selection processes (Morris 2003), and the extent to which water-nutrient selection still constrains elephant distribution at high population density – when their impact on savanna vegetation is the highest – remains unknown.

Download Full-text

A Long Journey of CICA-17 Quinoa Variety to Salinity Conditions in Egypt: Mineral Concentration in the Seeds

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Juan A. González ◽

Leonardo Hinojosa ◽

María I. Mercado ◽

José-Luis Fernández-Turiel ◽

Didier Bazile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Soil Types ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Marginal Lands ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Pattern Distribution ◽

Induced Changes

Quinoa may be a promising alternative solution for arid regions, and it is necessary to test yield and mineral accumulation in grains under different soil types. Field experiments with Chenopodium quinoa (cv. CICA-17) were performed in Egypt in non-saline (electrical conductivity, 1.9 dS m−1) and saline (20 dS m−1) soils. Thirty-four chemical elements were studied in these crops. Results show different yields and mineral accumulations in the grains. Potassium (K), P, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, and Fe are the main elements occurring in the quinoa grains, but their concentrations change between both soil types. Besides, soil salinity induced changes in the mineral pattern distribution among the different grain organs. Sodium was detected in the pericarp but not in other tissues. Pericarp structure may be a shield to prevent sodium entry to the underlying tissues but not for chloride, increasing its content in saline conditions. Under saline conditions, yield decreased to near 47%, and grain sizes greater than 1.68 mm were unfavored. Quinoa may serve as a complementary crop in the marginal lands of Egypt. It has an excellent nutrition perspective due to its mineral content and has a high potential to adapt to semi-arid and arid environments.

Download Full-text

Mineral concentration dependent modulation of mechanical properties of bone-inspired bionanocomposite scaffold

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.3607283 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 013702 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abhijit Biswas ◽

Timothy C. Ovaert ◽

Constance Slaboch ◽

He Zhao ◽

Ilker S. Bayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mineral Concentration

Download Full-text

CO2-Induced Changes in Wheat Grain Composition: Meta-Analysis and Response Functions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy7020032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Malin Broberg ◽

Petra Högy ◽

Håkan Pleijel

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

N Uptake ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Response Functions ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Protein Nitrogen

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) stimulates wheat grain yield, but simultaneously reduces protein/nitrogen (N) concentration. Also, other essential nutrients are subject to change. This study is a synthesis of wheat experiments with eCO2, estimating the effects on N, minerals (B, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn), and starch. The analysis was performed by (i) deriving response functions to assess the gradual change in element concentration with increasing CO2 concentration, (ii) meta-analysis to test the average magnitude and significance of observed effects, and (iii) relating CO2 effects on minerals to effects on N and grain yield. Responses ranged from zero to strong negative effects of eCO2 on mineral concentration, with the largest reductions for the nutritionally important elements of N, Fe, S, Zn, and Mg. Together with the positive but small and non-significant effect on starch concentration, the large variation in effects suggests that CO2-induced responses cannot be explained only by a simple dilution model. To explain the observed pattern, uptake and transport mechanisms may have to be considered, along with the link of different elements to N uptake. Our study shows that eCO2 has a significant effect on wheat grain stoichiometry, with implications for human nutrition in a world of rising CO2.

Download Full-text

Influence of boron on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz ◽

10.1590/s0071-12761981000100025 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 309-318

Author(s):

I. P. Oliveira ◽

E. Malavolta

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Boron Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Differential Behaviour ◽

Total Dry Weight

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.

Download Full-text