Residing in urban areas with higher green space is associated with lower mortality risk: A census-based cohort study with ten years of follow-up

Personality is associated consistently with mortality hazards, but the physiological pathways are not yet clear. Immune system dysregulation may be one such pathway due to its role in age-related morbidity and mortality. In this preregistered study, we tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated the associations between personality traits and mortality hazards. The sample included 957 participants (M ± SD = 58.65 ± 11.51 years; range = 35 – 86 years) from the Midlife in the United States Survey that had 14 years of follow-up. Higher conscientiousness was associated with lower mortality hazards, with each one standard deviation higher conscientiousness associated with a 35% lower mortality risk. IL-6, but not CRP, partially mediated this association, with IL-6 accounting for 18% of this association in the fully adjusted model. While there was initial evidence that the biomarkers mediated both neuroticism and agreeableness and mortality risk, the indirect effects were not significant when controlling for the sociodemographic variables. Taken together, higher conscientiousness may lead to a longer life partially as a result of lower IL-6. This work highlights the importance of biological pathways that link personality to future mortality risk.

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Joint associations of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity with mortality risk

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

E Mauramo ◽

J Salmela ◽

N Kanerva ◽

E Lahelma ◽

T Lallukka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Lower Mortality Risk ◽

Joint Associations

Abstract Background Fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are associated with better health outcomes but less is known about their joint associations with the risk of mortality. We examined the joint associations of FVC and LTPA with premature mortality among midlife and ageing municipal employees, adjusting for key covariates. Methods Survey data collected in 2000–2002 among 40–60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were linked with complete register data on mortality from Statistics Finland (4961 women, 1373 men; response rate 67%; written consent for register linkages 74%). FVC was dichotomised into daily or non-daily, and LTPA into high (>14 MET-hours/week including vigorous exercise) or low. Covariates included age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic position, binge drinking, smoking and self-rated health. Cox regression models were fitted. The follow-up continued until the event of death or the end of 2015. Results A total of 281 deaths occurred during the follow-up. The mortality rate was 7.1% in men and 3.7% in women. A gender interaction was found, showing differing associations for women and men. Men with both daily FVC and high LTPA had the lowest mortality risk (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.63) after adjusting for covariates. Men with high LTPA and non-daily FVC also had a lower mortality risk (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.90) compared to those with non-daily FVC and low LTPA. Women with daily FVC and high LTPA had a lower mortality risk initially, but after adjusting for covariates no statistically significant associations were observed. Conclusions The joint associations of FVC and LTPA with premature mortality differed between women and men. This could be related to gender differences in e.g. the causes of death, and further studies are needed to clarify this. Increasing FVC and LTPA might prevent premature mortality among men. Key messages Fruit and vegetable consumption jointly with physical activity decreased the risk of premature mortality among men only. Further studies are needed to clarify the gender difference which could be related to for example death causes.

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Association of Lower Plasma Homoarginine Concentrations with Greater Risk of All-Cause Mortality in the Community: The Framingham Offspring Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9062016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 2016

Author(s):

Edzard Schwedhelm ◽

Rebecca J. Song ◽

Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽

Edwin R. van den Heuvel ◽

Juliane Hannemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Multivariable Regression ◽

Cross Classification ◽

Male Sex ◽

Low Levels ◽

Study Participants ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

Lower circulating homoarginine concentrations have been associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assayed plasma homoarginine concentrations in 3331 Framingham Offspring Study participants attending examination cycle six (mean age 58.6 years, 53% women). We evaluated correlates of plasma homoarginine and related homoarginine to incident CVD and death. We also classified participants as having higher (upper quartile) versus lower (lower three quartiles) homoarginine and previously assayed asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations, and created cross-classification groups. We observed 630 incident CVD events and 940 deaths during a median follow-up of 18 years. In multivariable regression analysis, homoarginine was associated positively with male sex, body mass index, anti-hypertensive medication use and systolic blood pressure, but inversely with age and smoking. Higher homoarginine levels were associated with a lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) per SD increment, 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) adjusting for standard CVD risk factors, and ADMA. Among the cross-classification groups, participants with higher homoarginine and lower ADMA had a lower mortality risk (HR, 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.98) compared to those with low levels of both. Further studies are needed to dissect the mechanisms of the association of homoarginine and mortality over decades in the community.

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Obesity is associated with lower mortality risk in elderly diabetic subjects: the Casale Monferrato study

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-011-0338-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 563-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Massimo Perotto ◽

Francesco Panero ◽

Gabriella Gruden ◽

Paolo Fornengo ◽

Bartolomeo Lorenzati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

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Frequency, predictors, and prognosis of ejection fraction improvement in heart failure: an echocardiogram-based registry study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (26) ◽

pp. 2110-2117 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anukul Ghimire ◽

Nowell Fine ◽

Justin A Ezekowitz ◽

Jonathan Howlett ◽

Erik Youngson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Ventricular Assist ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Multivariable Adjustment ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

Abstract Aims To identify variables predicting ejection fraction (EF) recovery and characterize prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients with EF recovery (HFrecEF). Methods and results Retrospective study of adults referred for ≥2 echocardiograms separated by ≥6 months between 2008 and 2016 at the two largest echocardiography centres in Alberta who also had physician-assigned diagnosis of HF. Of 10 641 patients, 3124 had heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (EF ≤ 40%) at baseline: while mean EF declined from 30.2% on initial echocardiogram to 28.6% on the second echocardiogram in those patients with persistent HFrEF (defined by <10% improvement in EF), it improved from 26.1% to 46.4% in the 1174 patients (37.6%) with HFrecEF (defined by EF absolute improvement ≥10%). On multivariate analysis, female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–1.96], younger age (aOR per decade 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.23), atrial fibrillation (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.68–2.38), cancer (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03–2.26), hypertension (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18–1.62), lower baseline ejection fraction (aOR per 1% decrease 1.07 (1.06–1.08), and using hydralazine (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.19–2.40) were associated with EF improvements ≥10%. HFrecEF patients demonstrated lower rates per 1000 patient years of mortality (106 vs. 164, adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.70 [0.62–0.79]), all-cause hospitalizations (300 vs. 428, aHR 0.87 [0.79–0.95]), all-cause emergency room (ER) visits (569 vs. 799, aHR 0.88 [0.81–0.95]), and cardiac transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation (2 vs. 10, aHR 0.21 [0.10–0.45]) compared to patients with persistent HFrEF. Females with HFrEF exhibited lower mortality risk (aHR 0.94 [0.88–0.99]) than males after adjusting for age, time between echocardiograms, clinical comorbidities, medications, and whether their EF improved or not during follow-up. Conclusion HFrecEF patients tended to be younger, female, and were more likely to have hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or cancer. HFrecEF patients have a substantially better prognosis compared to those with persistent HFrEF, even after multivariable adjustment, and female patients exhibit lower mortality risk than men within each subgroup (HFrecEF and persistent HFrEF) even after multivariable adjustment.

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DOES INCREASED CAREGIVER LIFE SATISFACTION EXPLAIN SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS’ LOWER MORTALITY RISK?: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnv241.04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (Suppl_2) ◽

pp. 523-524

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Spousal Caregivers ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Retirement Study ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

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Adiposity change and mortality in middle-aged to older Chinese: an 8-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e039239

Author(s):

Ying Yue Huang ◽

Chao Qiang Jiang ◽

Lin Xu ◽

Wei Sen Zhang ◽

Feng Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Middle Aged ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Older Chinese ◽

Cvd Mortality

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of change in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) over an average of 4 years with subsequent mortality risk in middle-aged to older Chinese.DesignProspective cohort study based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.SettingCommunity-based sample.Participants17 773 participants (12 956 women and 4817 men) aged 50+ years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome measures were cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Causes of death were obtained via record linkage, and coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (tenth revision).Results1424 deaths (53.4% women) occurred in the 17 773 participants (mean age 61.2, SD 6.8 years) during an average follow-up of 7.8 (SD=1.5) years, and 97.7% of participants did not have an intention of weight loss . Compared with participants with stable BMI, participants with BMI loss (>5%), but not gain, had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.49, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.71), which was greatest in those who were underweight (HR=2.45, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.59). Similar patterns were found for WC. In contrast, for participants with a BMI of ≥27.5 kg/m2, BMI gain, versus stable BMI, was associated with 89% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.88), 72% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR=1.72, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.72) and 2.27-fold risk of cancer mortality (HR=2.27, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.10).ConclusionIn older people, unintentional BMI/WC loss, especially in those who were underweight was associated with higher mortality risk. However, BMI gain in those with obesity showed excess risks of all-cause and cancer mortality, but not CVD mortality. Frequent monitoring of changes in body size can be used as an early warning for timely clinical investigations and interventions and is important to inform appropriate health management in older Chinese.

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Healthy eating and lower mortality risk in a large cohort of cardiac patients who received state-of-the-art drug treatment

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.115.112276 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 1527-1533 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Femke PC Sijtsma ◽

Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu ◽

Janette de Goede ◽

Linda M Oude Griep ◽

Johanna M Geleijnse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Treatment ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Large Cohort ◽

Cardiac Patients ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

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Clinical Decision Analysis as a Means of Technology Assessment: The Effectiveness of Intraoperative Cholangiography

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300008035 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas E. Scott ◽

Itzhak Jacoby

Keyword(s):

Decision Analysis ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Technology Assessment ◽

Common Duct ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Intraoperative Cholangiography ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Effective Option ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

AbstractThree strategies for timely detection of common duct stones are examined by decision analysis: the use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in ALL, NONE, or in SOME of the cases that are selected by the estimated probability of a common duct stone. Selective use of IOC is the most cost-effective option and offers a slightly lower mortality risk.

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Polypharmacy, hospitalization, and mortality risk: a nationwide cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75888-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tae Ik Chang ◽

Haeyong Park ◽

Dong Wook Kim ◽

Eun Kyung Jeon ◽

Connie M. Rhee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Residential Area ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Major Public Health Issue ◽

Elderly Individuals

Abstract Polypharmacy is a growing and major public health issue, particularly in the geriatric population. This study aimed to examine the association between polypharmacy and the risk of hospitalization and mortality. We included 3,007,620 elderly individuals aged ≥ 65 years who had at least one routinely-prescribed medication but had no prior hospitalization within a year. The primary exposures of interest were number of daily prescribed medications (1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, and ≥ 11) and presence of polypharmacy (≥ 5 prescription drugs per day). The corresponding comparators were the lowest number of medications (1–2) and absence of polypharmacy. The study outcomes were hospitalization and all-cause death. The median age of participants was 72 years and 39.5% were men. Approximately, 46.6% of participants experienced polypharmacy. Over a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 2,028,062 (67.4%) hospitalizations and 459,076 (15.3%) all-cause deaths were observed. An incrementally higher number of daily prescribed medications was found to be associated with increasingly higher risk for hospitalization and mortality. These associations were consistent across subgroups of age, sex, residential area, and comorbidities. Furthermore, polypharmacy was associated with greater risk of hospitalization and death: adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.18 (1.18–1.19) and 1.25 (1.24–1.25) in the overall and 1.16 (1.16–1.17) and 1.25 (1.24–1.25) in the matched cohorts, respectively. Hence, polypharmacy was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and all-cause death among elderly individuals.

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