P.0171 The independent and joint effect of the endocannabinoid system and daily cannabis use on the risk of psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S124
Author(s):  
D. Quattrone ◽  
E. Vassos ◽  
L. Ferraro ◽  
G. Tripoli ◽  
A. Quattrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use

The metabolic implications of long term cannabis use in patients with psychosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Mushtaq ◽  
Valeria Mondelli ◽  
Carmine M. Pariante
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
General Population ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
Vulnerable Patient Group

SummaryAimsThe aim of this paper is to summarise the effects of cannabis use on appetite and energy balance, and to subsequently investigate the possible implications this may have in patients with psychosis, in whom a high prevalence of cannabis use has been reported.Methods– A narrative review based on the recent literature regarding cannabis use in the gen-eral population and patients with psychosis.Results– The short-term abilities of cannabis to increase appetite and body weight, through actions on the endogenous endocannabinoid system, have been well characterised throughout the literature. The long term effects of cannabis use are however unclear and only a minority of studies have been conducted in the general population with overall conflicting results. In terms of the effects of cannabis in patients with psychosis, there has only been one study to date that has investigated this and interestingly found cannabis use to be associated with increased body weight and blood glucose levels, thus providing evidence that cannabis use may be an important contributing factor to the reduced life expectancy, as is currently observed in this vulnerable patient group.Conclusions– It is clear from the literature that patients with psychosis are at a high risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in comparison to the general population. However the contribution of cannabis use to this risk is as of yet undetermined and further long term studies are need to confirm current findings and evaluate hypothesised mechanisms.Declaration of Interest: None.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid anandamide levels, cannabis use and psychotic-like symptoms

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia J. A. Morgan ◽  
Emma Page ◽  
Carola Schaefer ◽  
Katharine Chatten ◽  
Amod Manocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Drug Free

SummaryAnandamide is a ligand of the endocannabinoid system. Animals show a depletion following repeated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration but the effect of cannabis use on central nervous system levels of endocannabinoids has not been previously examined in humans. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and related lipids were tested in 33 volunteers (20 cannabis users). Lower levels of CSF anandamide and higher levels of 2-AG in serum were observed in frequent compared with infrequent cannabis users. Levels of CSF anandamide were negatively correlated with persisting psychotic symptoms when drug-free. Higher levels of anandamide are associated with a lower risk of psychotic symptoms following cannabis use.

scholarly journals CNR2 GENE AND CANNABIS USE INTERPLAY MODULATES MANIPULATIVE ABILITIES IN FIRST-EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maitane Oscoz Irurozqui ◽  
Maria Guardiola-Ripoll ◽  
Carmen Almodóvar-Payá ◽  
Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza ◽  
Edith Pomarol-Clotet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

1. Objectives: While endocannabinoid system seems to be involved in processes underlying psychosis, research about Cannabinoid Receptor 2 gene (CNR2) is scarce and inconclusive. Some few reports indicate that CNR2 plays a role in psychiatric conditions, including depression or drug addiction (Onaivi et al., 2009). We aimed to evaluate the role of CNR2 and its interplay with cannabis on cognition and clinical symptoms in patients with a first-episode of psychosis (FEP). 2. Materials and Methods: the sample comprised 50 Caucasian individuals with a FEP (mean age(sd)=26.14(6.55) years, 76% males, 58% cannabis users). There were no differences in age, sex, premorbid IQ and antipsychotic dose between cannabis users (CU) and non-users (CNU). Neuropsychological (premorbid IQ - TAP-E, current IQ - WAIS, memory - WMS, executive function - BADS) and clinical (psychotic symptoms - PANSS, general functioning - GAF) scales were administered. Genetic variability was assessed by genotyping one Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in CNR2 gene (rs2501431) (qPCR, TaqMan). 3. Results and conclusions: genotypic frequencies did not differ between cannabis users and non-users. CNR2 was not associated with PANSS scores.; however, it showed a differential effect on the performance IQ (measured by the matrix reasoning test - WAIS), conditional to the cannabis use (beta=0.73, p=0.02),. In particular, cannabis non-users with the AA genotype (23.53%) showed higher scores (mean(sd)=10.25 (1.87)) than those with at least one copy of the G allele (76.47%, mean(sd)=6.05(0.99); while cannabis users showed scores in the opposite direction (AA (42.31%): 8.21(1.09) and GG/GA (57.69%): 10.28(0.92)). Our results align with previous studies reporting the association of the CNR2 gene with psychiatric diseases (Ishiguro et al. 2007; Onaivi et al., 2008) adding evidence on the interplay of this gene with cannabis use on cognitive outcomes in first-episode psychosis. However, evidence is still scant, and further investigation in larger samples is needed.

scholarly journals Cannabis and Cognition: Connecting the Dots towards the Understanding of the Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Colizzi ◽  
Sarah Tosato ◽  
Mirella Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Connecting The Dots

Several studies have advanced the understanding of the effects of cannabis on cognitive function. A comprehensive reappraisal of such literature may help in drawing conclusions about the potential risks associated with cannabis use. In summary, the evidence suggests that earlier age of use, high-frequency and high-potency cannabis use, as well as sustained use over time and use of synthetic cannabinoids, are all correlated with a higher likelihood of developing potentially severe and persistent executive function impairments. While the exact mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of cannabis on cognition are not completely clear, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies support the presence of both structural and functional alterations associated with cannabis use. Cognitive dysfunction is also a core feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders and care must be taken regarding the effects of cannabis use in these patient populations. Cognitive impairments affect patients’ daily functions, sociability, and long-term outcome, posing elevated economic, social, and clinical burdens. There is, thus, a compelling case for implementing behavioral and cognitive rehabilitation therapies for these patients, as well as investigating the endocannabinoid system in the development of new psychopharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use in People With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology: Results From a Mexican Epidemiological Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Nicolini ◽  
José Jaime Martínez-Magaña ◽  
Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza ◽  
Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez ◽  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Derivatives Of

Recent studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system could play an important role in the physiopathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There are reports of effective treatment with derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The study of the genetic factor associated with psychiatric disorders has made possible an exploration of its contribution to the pharmacological response. However, very little is known about the genetic factor or the prevalence of cannabis use in the Mexican population with OCD. The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of use and dependence on cannabis in individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) with that of individuals with other psychiatric symptoms (psychosis, depression, and anxiety), and to explore the association between genetic risk and use. The study includes a total of 13,130 individuals evaluated in the second stage of the 2016 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (Encodat 2016), with genetic analysis (polygenic risk scoring) of a subsample of 3,521 individuals. Obsessive symptomatology had a prevalence of 7.2% and compulsive symptomatology a prevalence of 8.6%. The proportion of individuals with OCS who had ever used cannabis was 23.4%, and of those with cannabis dependency was 2.7%, the latter figure higher than that in individuals with other psychiatric symptoms (hypomania, 2.6%; anxiety, 2.8%; depression, 2.3%), except psychosis (5.9%). Individuals with OCS who reported using cannabis had an increased genetic risk for cannabis dependence but not for OCD. We thus cannot know how the increased genetic risk of cannabis dependence in people with OCD is influenced by their pharmacological response to derivatives of THC. The results, however, suggest paths for future studies.

scholarly journals Cannabis and Inflammation in HIV: A Review of Human and Animal Studies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Ellis ◽  
Natalie Wilson ◽  
Scott Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Persistent inflammation occurs in people with HIV (PWH) and has many downstream adverse effects including myocardial infarction, neurocognitive impairment and death. Because the proportion of people with HIV who use cannabis is high and cannabis may be anti-inflammatory, it is important to characterize the impact of cannabis use on inflammation specifically in PWH. We performed a selective, non-exhaustive review of the literature on the effects of cannabis on inflammation in PWH. Research in this area suggests that cannabinoids are anti-inflammatory in the setting of HIV. Anti-inflammatory actions are mediated in many cases through effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the gut, and through stabilization of gut–blood barrier integrity. Cannabidiol may be particularly important as an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. Cannabis may provide a beneficial intervention to reduce morbidity related to inflammation in PWH.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Use of Cannabinoids in Psychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Graczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Łukowicz ◽  
Tomasz Dzierzanowski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Psychoactive Effects

Increasing evidence suggests an essential role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating cognitive abilities, mood, stress, and sleep. The psychoactive effects of cannabis are described as euphoric, calming, anxiolytic, and sleep-inducing and positively affect the mood, but can also adversely affect therapy. The responses to cannabinoid medications depend on the patient's endocannabinoid system activity, the proportion of phytocannabinoids, the terpenoid composition, and the dose used. There is some evidence for a therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids in psychiatric conditions. THC and CBD may have opposing effects on anxiety. Current guidelines recommend caution in using THC in patients with anxiety or mood disorders. In a small number of clinical trials, cannabinoids used to treat cancer, HIV, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, Crohn's disease, and chronic neuropathic pain report decreases in anxiety or depression symptoms and presented sedative and anxiolytic effects. Several studies have investigated the influence of potential genetic factors on psychosis and schizophrenia development after cannabis use. THC may increase the risk of psychosis, especially in young patients with an immature central nervous system. There is limited evidence from clinical trials that cannabinoids are effective therapy for sleep disorders associated with concomitant conditions. There is evidence for a possible role of cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and drugs, also in the context of the risks of opioid use (e.g., opioid-related mortality). In this narrative review of the recent evidence, we discuss the prospects of using the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids in treating mental and psychiatric disorders. However, this evidence is weak for some clinical conditions and well-designed randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Furthermore, some disorders may be worsened by cannabis use.

scholarly journals Cannabis Therapy Knowledge Study: Toward Establishing a Pedagogical Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Ankur Shahi ◽  
Suzanne Allain ◽  
Shelley Turner ◽  
Kathleen Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Physician Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Plans

Upcoming legalization of cannabis calls for physicians to increase knowledge on medical and recreational cannabis use. We analyzed physician knowledge and opinions on i) mechanism of the endocannabinoid system, ii) current training with cannabis, iii) risks associated with cannabis use, iv) creating effective treatment plans using cannabis and v) future training needs. Physician knowledge and opinions on cannabis are limited and divided. Physicians support integration of cannabis training through webinars, in person training, peer reviewed literature and clinical guidelines. A curriculum must be developed for current and future physicians to create a standard of care as it relates to cannabis.

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