The Other, Role Theory, Key Elements on the Development of One-Self and Psychopathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S511-S511
Author(s):  
F.I.Z. ◽  
C.Z. ◽  
J.V.
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
The Social ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Made In

We plan to analyze the psychological and sociological concepts of the other and the role theory. We would describe the roles in psychopathology differentiating between the identity of the role and the identity of oneself and its entailment with the other, with respect to the development of the individual and its difficulties in the acquisition of roles, leading to different clinical entities. These pathologies show phenomenological differences observed in clinical situations such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disease, personality disorders and in psychopathological manifestations of epilepsy. We analyze the difficulties schizophrenic patients have in assuming roles, as well as in the recognition of “the other”, depressive patients and their over identification of roles, the link to manic states, and a poor identity observed in patients with hysteria. Special considerations are made in the social interactions of epileptic patients with “the other” which takes the form of “being with”, and the dynamics established by epileptics in their social roles. These characteristics are also found in epileptic psychoses. When a psychotic state ends, and patients recover from a clear or lucid epileptic psychoses, they return to work recovering their social roles and interaction with others. In the case of cognitive impairment and organic dementia, there is a difficult adaptation due to this disability. Experiences lived under the psychotic episode are maintained, even reinforced and influence how they consider themselves and the others, in particular in terms of moral and religious ideas.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Content and stylistic peculiarities of non-canonical Orthodox Internet Sermon in modern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Technical Professions

The paper is concerned with a study of the changing content and style of non-canonical Christian religious preaching in the digital age. Special attention is paid to the analysis of modern rhetoric Christian preachers practice in their Internet channels, forums and blogs. It is shown that the content of the Internet sermon is largely determined by the Internet users themselves and the topics of their appeals. The fundamental characteristics of the content of the Internet sermon are: 1) focus on the individual, their private goals and objectives, not just on theological problems; 2) rethinking the phenomenon of the neighbour; 3) a shift from the Hesychast tradition of preaching the importance of inner spiritual concentration to the preaching of religious interactivity. The observed stylistic features of the digital preaching can be summarised as follows: 1) moving away from simple answers to the rhetoric of new questions addressed to the audience; 2) empathy, co-participation with a person in his/her life conflicts and experiences; 3) desire to share religious information, not to impose it; 4) resorting to various rhetorical techniques to reach different audiences; 5) a tendency to use slang, sometimes even irrespective of the audience’s language preferences and expectations. It should be pointed out that the Orthodox Internet sermon in the Russian Internet space has a dual and contradictory nature. On the one hand, this phenomenon can be regarded as positive for the Orthodox preaching in general, since it is a means of spreading Christian ideas in the social groups that do not constitute a core of parishioners of Orthodox churches, for example, schoolchildren, students, representatives of technical professions, etc. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such preaching is still unclear. Lack of reliable statistics as well as the results of the survey related to the Orthodox Internet preaching gives us no opportunity to judge about effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the phenomenon at this stage of its development.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF SPEAKERS’ COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL ROLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Lohvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is a study of the features of the individual’s communicative behavior, when implementing different social roles. By analyzing the concept of the social role and status, author puts forward the classification of the most frequent social roles represented by an individual in formal and informal communication situations (that of a father, lecturer, friend, colleague, employer, employee, consultant). The work is based on the number of studied and investigated dialogical fragments, where one character appears in different social roles and uses various language means. Having considered typical communicative situations, the author also singles out linguistic and extra-linguistic means which mark the changes of speaker’s social roles, namely: elevated, sarcastic, polite, sad, ironic, joyful, neutral, strict, humorous, angry, contemptuous, intrusive, friendly, confident and other tones as well as smile, frown and raised eyebrows, laugh, direct eye contact, pointing finger, pointing the hand etc. At the next stage of the analysis the author reveals the language means that mark the changes of the speaker's social roles as well as outlines the difficulties, connected with their translation into Ukrainian. Translation of the dialogical fragments was studied in order to find out types of rendition of the means that indicate realization of different social roles by the speaker. Non-verbal communication was also researched, aiming to find out correlation between the social role of the speaker and the means, used by the speaker, according to his social role. As a result, the paper presents the analysis of such means of translation as transliteration, transcription, antonymous, descriptive, and contextual tracing, literal types of translation as well as their dependence on the social role of the speaker. So the components of intercourse let communicative behavior of the individual to be comprehensively considered. Thereby, the results of the study, their representation in per cents, as well as examples of the communicative situations and their analysis, are represented in the following article.

Mobile Communication Tools as Morality-Building Devices

2015 ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
André H. Caron ◽  
Letizia Caronia
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Everyday Communication

The rise of Mobile Devices (MD) in the last two decades is noteworthy not only for the unprecedented rate at which they have spread, but for the vast number of countries in which they have so quickly been adopted, blind to both culture and economic stature. Moreover, the accelerated nature of their constantly-evolving design and function adds additional layers of complexity to the already-complicated topic of behavior in public places and during face-to-face communication. Drawing on extant literature and research, this article focuses on a specific but underexplored consequence of the mobile turn in everyday communication: MDs enhance the stage dimension of the social interactions they are embedded in, and therefore elicit a moral reasoning on the rights and duties of the individual in public places. They cooperate in building the bases of intersubjectivity: a sense of the other.

Social psychiatry in a global perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S11
Author(s):  
T. Jamieson-Craig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Social Psychiatry ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Individual

Social psychiatry starts from the position that as social animals, the cause, course and response to treatment of mental health problems are powerfully determined by the social environment. For example, childhood trauma within the home and bullying at school is associated with both internalizing and externalizing disorders and exerts its influence through life-long impacts on the individual's ability to form supportive relationships with others, their self-esteem and their resilience in the face of future adversity. Difficulties forming and sustaining personal relationships are intensified by the emergence of illness, consequent social exclusion and discrimination that in turn intensifies damaging beliefs of low self-worth and rejection. In contrast, we have considerable evidence for the “therapeutic” value of good relationships, notably the role of family and social support in the remarkable resilience shown by those who have come through the most appalling environmental and personal crises. It is therefore surprising that the balance of psychiatric therapeutic effort is stubbornly focused on the individual patient as the problem with less attention paid to developing and implementing social interventions targeted at the family and wider social network to prevent and alleviate mental illness. In this presentation I will argue that psychiatrists should be more active in developing and leading interventions that focus on the social and interpersonal networks of their patients with illustrations from past and ongoing efforts to this end.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

The Individual and Society in Gandhi's Political Thought

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Indira Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Freedom Movement ◽  
Made In

The problem of the relation of the individual to society and to the state was central to Gandhi's political thought and action. It has been said that Gandhi's “deliberate onslaught on the creed of individualism as it has been in operation during the last two or three centuries gave it a mortal blow.” How are statements like this to be reconciled with the fact that Gandhi appealed to individual conviction in his campaigns?In analyzing this problem we should look at the main concepts of social and political philosophy which had an impact on Gandhi's life and thought. Indian philosophy is of special importance in this context and therefore a major part of this paper is devoted to the discussion of Indian concepts and ideas as they were understood and interpreted by Gandhi. Much of Gandhi's thought and action can be explained only in terms of the historical situation and the social setting of his day and age. But Gandhi's campaigns and his contribution to the Indian freedom movement have been described by many authors and therefore no attempt is made in this paper to outline the course of events.

scholarly journals MALICE AS AN INGREDIENT OF TORT LIABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 355-382
Author(s):  
John Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Tort Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article is concerned with the question of whether malice is an appropriate touchstone of liability in tort law. It begins by identifying four torts in which malice may properly be regarded as an ingredient of liability (distinguishing various other torts, such as private nuisance and defamation, in which malice plays a merely secondary and contingent role). Having identified these four torts – namely malicious prosecution, abuse of process, misfeasance in a public office and lawful means conspiracy – the article then seeks to identify a common juridical thread which links them together. So doing serves to rebut the allegation, often made in respect of all them, namely, that they are anomalous actions. It then concludes by considering the individual worth of these torts, bearing in mind the important difference between not being anomalous on the one hand, and being positively meritorious on the other. It concludes that a respectable defence of each of the four torts can be made even though malice is an atypical touchstone of liability.

Epidemiology and the Scientific Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

This article refutes the claim that the field of epidemiology and community health would benefit from the application of the scientific method. It is argued that the methods of physics are not appropriate for other disciplines. When applied to the social sciences, positivism is a conservatizing force, causing theory to become based on a mere description of social phenomenon. Since it cannot lead to a deep understanding of social phenomena, positivism is incapable of revealing ways in which society could be radically changed. Moreover, such theory is far from neutral. Rather, it is formed and influenced by the forms of life experienced and practiced in the society. This is illustrated by an analysis of the origin of modern physics at the time when society was changing from a feudal to capitalist form of organization. It is concluded that advances will be made in epidemiology and community health when this field breaks from its focus on the individual and incorporates class into its analysis. However, given the interconnection between social structure and social theory, resistance to such a radical change can be expected.

Chelidonium and organ therapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Georg Von Keller
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In ◽  
Single Organ

SummaryThe author first of all quotes from Rademacher's Erfahrungsheillehre der alten scheidekünstigen Geheimärzte and Rudolph Steiner's 1920 Lectures to Doctors and Medical Students, to show that considerable differences exist within homœopathy and similar schools of medicine regarding the method of finding the remedy.Paracelsus, Rademacher, Rudolph Steiner and others hold the view that the physician must first diagnose the organ in which the disease takes its origin, before he can prescribe the appropriate organotropic medicine. Hahnemann on the other hand is against such a theoretical approach and depends entirely on the predominantly subjective symptoms of the individual, to find a remedy for this particular person and not for an abstract disease.Only those who follow Rademacher's line of thought will therefore be content with seeing a remedy such as Chelidonium as a specific for the liver. The Hahnemannians need all the symptoms of the remedy for their method, down to the smallest and most subjective detail.With the aid of tape recordings made in his surgery, the author therefore goes into the details of three indications for Chelidonium—abdominal pain, pain in the back, and headache. This establishes the fact that, as with all remedies, the action of Chelidonium is in no way limited to a single organ, but extends to the whole human being, and to all his organs.In conclusion it is stated that the remedy may be frequently indicated if there is hepatic involvement, but that a closer study of the more detailed actions of Chelidonium will enable the practitioner to recognize it far more frequently in the patients he sees day by day, and become more certain in his choice of the remedy.

The Acceptability of Physical Restraint Procedures for People with a Learning Difficulty

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. McDonnell ◽  
Peter Sturmey ◽  
Bob Dearden
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evaluation Inventory

Three methods of physical restraint were videotaped and presented to two groups of subjects (undergraduate students and teenagers). Two of the methods recommended restraining a person with a learning difficulty on the ground; the other method proposed seating the individual in a chair. Subjects were asked to rate the social acceptability of the procedures using the Treatment Evaluation Inventory (TEI). Both undergraduate students and teenagers rated the chair method as more acceptable. The implications of these findings for the use of physical restraint procedures were discussed.

Statistical Thermodynamics of Rubber. II

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick T. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
Macroscopic Theory ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Hooke's Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Made In

Abstract During recent years, considerable progress has been made in connection with theories of rubber elasticity. Two general types of theories have been advanced, one from a macroscopic point of view and the other from a molecular point of view. An example of the former is the theory of Mooney, who arrived at an equation which agrees well with observation. For molecular theories, the reader is referred to the work of Guth and Mark, Kuhn, and Pelzer, who carried through calculations of a statistical nature. More recently, the author extended the statistical theory along lines which avoided some of the earlier difficulties. In the present paper, the calculations will be carried still further, and the molecular theory will be related to the macroscopic theory of Mooney. It will also be shown theoretically that, although rubber does not obey Hooke's law for ordinary elongation, it should obey Hooke's law for shear. It will be supposed that individual rubber molecules are long chain hydrocarbons capable of assuming various lengths and shapes as a result of free rotation about carbon-to-carbon valence bonds. When a piece of rubber is under no stress, the rubber molecules have a certain distribution of shapes. When the rubber is subjected to a stress, however, the molecules assume another distribution of lower probability. The theory here advanced relates this probability to the entropy of strain, thus providing a means of arriving at the mechanical properties of rubber. Two postulates are made. (1) When a macroscopic piece of rubber is strained, the components of the lengths of the individual molecules (along some set of axes) change in the same ratio as does the corresponding dimension of the piece of rubber. (2) When a piece of rubber is elongated, no change in total volume takes place. The first assumption was made in the earlier paper of this series, whereas the second was not. Experimental support for the second postulate has been given by Holt and McPherson. Our first problem is to investigate the effect of this second assumption on the equation of state for rubber.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document