New insight into the unresolved HPLC broad peak of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seed polymeric tannins by combining CPC and Q-ToF approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ma ◽  
Pierre Waffo-Téguo ◽  
Maria Alessandra Paissoni ◽  
Michäel Jourdes ◽  
Pierre-Louis Teissedre
Keyword(s):  
Grape Seed ◽  
Broad Peak ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Effect of drying method on supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Jakobović ◽  
Stela Jokić ◽  
Melita Lončarić ◽  
Snježana Jakobović ◽  
Krunoslav Aladić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Grape Seed Oil

Aim of this study was to monitor the influence of drying method (naturally and chamber drying) and different sample preparation on supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from three grape seed varieties (Graševina, Zweigelt, Cabernet Sauvignon). The highest oil content was obtained from naturally dried screened and washed seeds of red variety Cabernet Sauvignon (14.85%) and lowest from chamber dried screened seeds of white variety Graševina (7.67%). Peroxide value ranged from 0.36 to 1.77 mmol O2/kg oil, free fatty acids 0.28-8.0%, and insoluble impurities 0.05-0.28%. Determined fatty acids were palmitic (6.98-11.58%), stearic (3.82-6.59%), oleic (14.90-19.97%) and linoleic acid (61.82-71.96%) in oil obtained from naturally dried seeds and 6.84-8.68%, 4.12-5.73%, 15.10-20.18% and 67.88-70.76% in oil from chamber dried seeds, respectively. In defatted cakes after supercritical CO2 extraction, protein and fibre content ranged from 8.17 to 9.85% and 34.58 to 43.96%, respectively. According to ANOVA results, sample preparation and drying method had statistically significant influence on grape seed oil extraction.

scholarly journals Total content of phenols and antioxidant activity of grape skins and seeds cabernet sauvignon cultivated in Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, México

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 04001 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Castro-López ◽  
G. Castillo-Sánchez ◽  
L. Díaz-Rubio ◽  
I. Córdova-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Grape Skins ◽  
Seed Extracts

The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of grape cultivars Cabernet sauvignon is important because it varies according to the production area. In this work, it was evaluated the content of phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity (CAT) of grape skins and grape seed Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) in three vineyards located in the Valley of Guadalupe, B.C, México. The content of total phenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the CAT of grape skin and seed extracts by the stabilization methods of the (ABTS•+) and DPPH• radicals. The CAT in the seed extracts was increased (P < 0.05) in the following order: vineyard 2 < vineyard 1 < vineyard 3. The highest contents of gallic acid, resveratrol and rutin were found in the extracts that presented the highest CAT, which corresponded to the cultivars of vineyard 3. The same happened in extract of skins, having vineyard 3 the contents of CAT (ABTS•+) higher. The total phenolic seed compound was presented in vineyard 2 with 1,545, followed by vineyard 1 with 1,523, vineyard 3 with 1,146 expressed as g GAE.100 g of sample. In skin, the behavior was as follows; vineyard 3 <vineyard 2 <vineyard 1. 1,062, 1,086, 1,115 expressed as g GAE.100 g sample respectively.Keywords: antioxidant, phenolics, ABTS, gallic acid.

scholarly journals Natural and Artificial Oxidation of Grape Seed Phenolics are Influenced by Extractability and Galloylation Pattern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua VanderWeide ◽  
Filippo Del Zozzo ◽  
Esmaeil Nasrollahiazar ◽  
James A. Kennedy ◽  
Enrico Peterlunger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
New Information ◽  
Short Growing Season ◽  
Cool Climate

Abstract In cool-climate viticulture, the short growing season can influence grape seed maturation by reducing the apparent oxidation of flavan-3-ols and associated increase in seed browning. A reduction in seed maturation increases the potential extraction of flavan-3-ols into wine during maceration operations, heightening bitterness. Here, we carried out a 2x2 factorial experiment to test the ability of freezing and heating treatments to artificially “ripen” seeds (decrease flavan-3-ols, improve browning) of (Vitis vinifera L.) Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon over a 24-hour incubation period. Only freezing significantly increased seed browning in both cultivars. Subsequent correlations with seed flavan-3-ols concentrations suggest that freezing enhanced the oxidation of these compounds. Interestingly, natural ripening and freezing reduced galloylated flavan-3-ols to a greater extent than non-galloylated ones. This study provides new information regarding the susceptibility of flavan-3-ols to freezing and heating, and also suggests that freezing can artificially ripen the seeds of under-ripe red vinifera grapes.

Grapevine from Seed

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Plant Embryo ◽  
Soil Constituents

It is widely claimed that growing the vines that will produce good wine grapes starting from seed is difficult. In part, as noted above, this is apparently due to the presence of different alleles expressed differently as a function of environmental factors. As a consequence, most wine is produced from grapes arising from a graft of a vine that already produces desirable product. However, it is possible to plant seeds to generate vines— although the product is not always what is expected! The fact that parent varieties (the flower of one parent and pollen of another) will generally produce a variety different from either parent is generally sought to be avoided in com¬mercial enterprise. However, since grape flowers (as will be discussed in Chapter 12) are often found as tight clusters, hermaphroditic reproduction either naturally or by intervention can be effective. Adventures in crossing, such as with the Vitis vinifera varieties Cabernet franc and Sauvignon blanc can be profitable. They are reported to have led to the formation of Cabernet Sauvignon. The grape seed needs to germinate. Germination is evidenced by the forming of the plant within the seed and the opening of the seed coat to produce a seedling (Figure 2.1). The plant embryo responds, as dictated by the genome, to the warmth of the soil and the availability of water, and continues to grow from the first cell division until the plant sprouts. It is not uncommon for seeds of many species to have set a genetically dictated timer. The setting of the timer may, for example, require that the ground be frozen and subsequently thawed (a process called vernalization). Once moistened, by a thaw or rain, the dry seed takes up water that passes through channels in cell walls and membranes (the inside of the cell being drier than the outside) that apparently open in response to the “timer” and in response to soil constituents. Ions found in the soil are washed in with the water. The water and nutrients in the soil are now available to put the enzymes and their cofactors, previously lying fallow in the seed, to work.

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Radiation Damage Studies with the HVEM

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
J. J. Laidler ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Development Laboratory ◽  
Insight Into

One of the major materials problems encountered in the development of fast breeder reactors for commercial power generation is the phenomenon of swelling in core structural components and fuel cladding. This volume expansion, which is due to the retention of lattice vacancies by agglomeration into large polyhedral clusters (voids), may amount to ten percent or greater at goal fluences in some austenitic stainless steels. From a design standpoint, this is an undesirable situation, and it is necessary to obtain experimental confirmation that such excessive volume expansion will not occur in materials selected for core applications in the Fast Flux Test Facility, the prototypic LMFBR now under construction at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). The HEDL JEM-1000 1 MeV electron microscope is being used to provide an insight into trends of radiation damage accumulation in stainless steels, since it is possible to produce atom displacements at an accelerated rate with 1 MeV electrons, while the specimen is under continuous observation.

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