Products of the initial reduction of the Phillips catalyst by olefins

An impaired capacity of muscle to regenerate after critical illness results in long-term functional disability. We previously described in a long-term rat peritonitis model that gastrocnemius displays near-normal histology whereas soleus demonstrates a necrotizing phenotype. We thus investigated the link between the necrotizing phenotype of critical illness myopathy and proteasome activity in these two limb muscles. We studied male Wistar rats that underwent an intraperitoneal injection of the fungal cell wall constituent zymosan or n-saline as a sham-treated control. Rats ( n = 74) were killed at 2, 7, and 14 days postintervention with gastrocnemius and soleus muscle removed and studied ex vivo. Zymosan-treated animals displayed an initial reduction of body weight but a persistent decrease in mass of both lower hindlimb muscles. Zymosan increased chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities in gastrocnemius at days 2 and 7 but in soleus at day 2 only. Activated caspases-3 and -9, polyubiquitin proteins, and 14-kDa fragments of myofibrillar actin (proteasome substrates) remained persistently increased from day 2 to day 14 in soleus but not in gastrocnemius. These results suggest that a relative proteasome deficiency in soleus is associated with a necrotizing phenotype during long-term critical illness. Rescuing proteasome clearance may offer a potential therapeutic option to prevent long-term functional disability in critically ill patients.

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Ethylene polymerization with phillips catalyst Co-catalyzed with Al(i-Bu)3

Journal of Catalysis ◽

10.1016/0021-9517(90)90170-o ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 215-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

T WOO

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Polymerization ◽

Phillips Catalyst

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Achieving polydispersive HDPE by N,N,N-Co precatalysts appended with N-2,4-bis(di(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-6-methylphenyl

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra09333e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (71) ◽

pp. 43400-43411

Author(s):

Shi-Fang Yuan ◽

Zhe Fan ◽

Yi Yan ◽

Yanping Ma ◽

Mingyang Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Practical Application ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Phillips Catalyst

Introducing a practical application of N,N,N-Co precatalysts for highly linear polyethylenes with wide polydispersity and high molecular weights, targeting HDPE using Phillips catalyst.

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Comparison of Two Novel Methods for Sink Drain Disinfection

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s180-s180

Author(s):

Muhammed Fawwaz Haq ◽

Lucas Jones ◽

Natalia Pinto Herrera ◽

Jennifer Cadnum ◽

Philip Carling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Contact Time ◽

Healthcare Facility ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Disinfection Methods ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Potential Reservoir ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

Background: Sink drainage systems are a potential reservoir for the dissemination of gram-negative bacilli but are not amenable to standard methods of cleaning and disinfection. Pouring liquid disinfectants down drains has only a limited and transient effect on drain colonization, presumably due to inadequate disinfectant contact time and suboptimal penetration into areas harboring biofilm-associated organisms. Methods: We compared the antimicrobial efficacy of 2 novel sink disinfection methods intended to enhance disinfectant contact time and penetration. Healthcare facility sinks were randomly assigned to disinfection with 300 mL hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant applied either as a foam (N = 13 sinks) or instilled for 30 minutes behind a temporary obstruction created by an inflated urinary catheter balloon (N = 12 sinks). Swabs were used to collect quantitative cultures from the proximal sink drain to depth of 2.5 cm (1 inch) below the strainer before treatment and at 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the efficacy of the 2 treatments. Results: As shown in Fig. 1, both methods yielded an initial reduction of >3 log10 CFU of gram-negative bacilli. Over the 7-day follow-up period, disinfectant instillation resulted in significantly greater reduction than the foam application (P < .01). Recovery of sink colonization to >2 log per swab occurred at day 3 for both treatments, whereas recovery to >3 log per swab occurred on day 3 for the foam treatment versus day 7 for disinfectant instillation. Conclusions: Two novel disinfection methods were effective in reducing sink drain colonization for several days. The instillation method was more effective than the foam method in maintaining reductions over 7 days.Funding: NoneDisclosures: NoneDisclosures: NoneFunding: None

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Short-Term Effect of Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners on Pain and sEMG Activity of Masticatory Muscles

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57020178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Alessandro Nota ◽

Silvia Caruso ◽

Shideh Ehsani ◽

Gianmaria Fabrizio Ferrazzano ◽

Roberto Gatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Electromyography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Rank Test ◽

Nominal Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Semg Activity

Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles activity and pain on palpation in the early stages of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity and pain level on muscle palpation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded in a sample of 16 adult subjects (aged 18–32 years; mean 22.5 +/− 3.5 SD) undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners before the treatment (T0), after 1 month of treatment (two clear aligners) (T1), and after 3 months of treatment (T2) (six clear aligners). A chi-square test for nominal data, a Friedman test, and a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as post hoc analysis were applied. Results: No statistically significant differences in muscular pain were observed. At T1, the sEMG activity of masseter muscles at mandibular rest position showed a statistically significant reduction, but after 3 months (T2), the data appeared similar to T0 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the treatment with clear aligners, subjects could experience an initial reduction in the masseter basal activity after 1 month of treatment. This effect tends to decrease to baseline levels after 3 months of therapy.

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668 The Consequences to Emergency Surgery During COVID19 Pandemic in a UK District General Hospital in The North East of England

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

R Evans ◽

C Ng

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

General Hospital ◽

Emergency Surgery ◽

Early Identification ◽

District General Hospital ◽

Public Confidence ◽

Surgical Services ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Initial Reduction

Abstract Aim COVID19 pandemic has significantly affected surgical services. We aim to review its effects on our theatre output and risk of encountering COVID 19 cases. Method Serial record of operations performed locally were reviewed from start of UK COVID19 pandemic lockdown on 23rd March 2020 to 13th July 2020 after it was lifted. A weekly average by month of operations and the percentage of COVID19 cases diagnosed within 30 days of the procedure were noted. Results 733 operations performed through this period. In March, 33 operations/week performed, 88.4% emergency and 7% diagnosed with COVID19. April, 31 operations /week performed, 95.9% emergency and 10.6% diagnosed with COVID19. May 46 operations /week performed, 94.5% emergency and 3.3% diagnosed with COVID19. June 56 operations /week, 80.9% emergency and less than 0.01% diagnosed with COVID19. By July 80 operations/week, 59.4% emergency and none diagnosed with COVID 19. Since testing capacity increased, only 6 of the 27 operated were diagnosed with COVID19. Conclusions There was initial reduction to non-emergency workload. However, this has gradually shifted as protocols are in place improve public confidence to return for surgical treatment. Mandatory admission testing allows early identification and remains essential for planning of services and protecting the workforce.

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Suitability of a Progenitor Cell-Enriching Device for In Vitro Applications

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11020146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Antonio Celentano ◽

Tami Yap ◽

Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽

Rita Paolini ◽

Michael McCullough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Time Course ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion Test ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Metal Wear ◽

Class 1 ◽

Electron Energy Loss

Rigenera® is a novel class-1 medical device that produces micro-grafts enriched of progenitors cells without ex vivo manipulation of donor tissues. The manufacturer’s protocol has been supported for a wide variety of clinical uses in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aimed to evaluate its potential use for in vitro cell models. Human primary oral fibroblasts were cultured under standard conditions and processed through Rigenera® over a time course of up to 5 min. Cell viability was assessed using a Trypan Blue exclusion test. It is possible to process fibroblasts through Rigenera® although an initial reduction of cell viability was observed. Additionally, debris was evident in the cell suspension of the processed samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microanalysis of the debris and electron energy-loss spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metal wear possibly due to the processing conditions used in this study. Interestingly, pore sizes within Rigeneracons® grids were found to range between 250–400 μm. This is the first report assessing the suitability of Rigenera® and Rigeneracons® for in vitro applications. Whilst Rigenera® workflow was found to be amenable to laboratory uses, our results strongly suggest that further research and development is necessary to support the utilization of this technology for enrichment of micro-graft derived cells and cell sorting in vitro.

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Influence of additives on the properties of spherical nickel particles prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1999.0410 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 3059-3065 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. Stopić ◽

J. Nedeljković ◽

Z. Rakočević ◽

D. Uskoković

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Spray Pyrolysis ◽

Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Thermal Gravimetric ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Ultrasonic Spray ◽

Nickel Particles ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Mean Diameter

Ideal spherical nonagglomerated Ni particles (mean diameter 0.62–1.12 μm) were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of NiCl2 aqueous solution in the presence of 0.1 mass% of Pd, Cu, or Ni in an H2–N2 atmosphere at 900 °C. Incomplete reduction of the NiCl2 aqueous solution in the absence of additives was observed under the same conditions. Differential thermal and thermal-gravimetric analyses revealed a decrease in initial reduction temperature of NiCl2 from 375 to 275 °C by the addition of Pd, Cu, or Ni. The morphology of Ni particles was analyzed using scanning tunneling microscopy. The surface roughness of Ni particles was found to be controllable by addition of appropriate additives.

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Comparison of Support Effects on Phillips and Metallocene Catalysts

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11070842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 842

Author(s):

Qing Yang ◽

Max Paul McDaniel

Keyword(s):

High Activity ◽

Chromium Oxide ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Metallocene Catalysts ◽

Solid Oxides ◽

Support Effects ◽

Phillips Catalyst ◽

Chromium Catalysts ◽

Catalyst Systems

Both metallocene and Phillips chromium catalysts are used in the commercial manufacture of polyethylene. Unlike most other commercial metallocene systems, the Chevron Phillips Chemical (CPC) platform does not use methylaluminoxane or fluoroorganic boranes. Instead, the support itself serves to activate (ionize) the metallocenes, which then polymerize ethylene at high activity. Most of these solid acid supports can also be used to anchor Cr to make a Phillips catalyst. This provides an interesting opportunity to compare the polymerization responses by these two disparate systems, Phillips Cr and CPC metallocene, when supported on the same solid acid carriers. In this study, both chromium oxide and several metallocenes were deposited onto a variety of solid oxides, under a variety of conditions, and the resulting support effects were observed and compared. Although using seemingly different chemistries, the two catalyst systems exhibited a surprising number of similarities, which can be attributed to the acidity and porosity of these diverse supports.

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Rare cause of chronic abdominal pain: left paraduodenal hernia and its surgical management

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-245024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e245024

Author(s):

Ajay Chikara ◽

Sasidhar Reddy Karnati ◽

Kailash Chand Kurdia ◽

Yashwant Sakaray

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Paraduodenal Hernia ◽

Inferior Mesenteric Vein ◽

Anterior Border ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

History Of ◽

Enhanced Computed Tomography

A 30-year-old man presented with colicky abdominal pain for 2 months, associated with occasional episodes of bilious vomiting. He had a history of similar complaints at the age of 16 and 26 years. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen was consistent with a diagnosis of left paraduodenal hernia. On laparoscopy a 3 × 3 cm hernial defect was identified in the left paraduodenal fossa (fossa of Landzert). Contents were jejunal, and proximal ileal loops which were dilated and edematous. Anterior border of the sac was formed by the inferior mesenteric vein and left branch of the left colic artery. Initial reduction of contents was easy. However, complete reduction proved to be difficult due to adhesions with the sac opening, the hernial sac instead laid open by dividing the Inferior Mesentric Vein (IMV) (anterior border of defect) using a vascular stapler. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 in a stable condition. On follow-up the patient is doing well.

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