Hormesis in plants under Cd exposure: From toxic to beneficial element?

Cadmium (Cd) is a notorious environmental pollutant known for its wide range of toxicities to organisms. Thus, the present study is designed to examine whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney of rats. Cd treatment at a dose of 0.44 mg/kg for 15 days caused severe damage in all these organs. These included significantly increased activities of SGPT, SGOT, lactate dehydrogenase- 1 and 5 and ALP and levels of total lactate, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reduced glutathione while the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase along with mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase and cytochrome-c-oxidase were significantly reduced by Cd. However, if melatonin was given orally 30 min before Cd injection, all these alterations induced by Cd were significantly preserved by melatonin. Histological observations also demonstrated that Cd exposure caused cellular lesions, promoting necrotic or apoptotic changes. Notably, all these changes were significantly protected by melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin is a beneficial molecule to ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of rats with its powerful antioxidant capacity, heavy metal chelating activity and competition of binding sites with Cd to the GSH and catalase.

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In Vitro Diabetogenic Effect of Cadmium on Liver

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ◽

10.25258/ijcprr.v8i01.9093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Agung Biworo ◽

Dwi Rezki Amalia ◽

Gratianus Billy Himawan ◽

Lisda Rizky Amalia ◽

Valentina Halim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Liver Homogenate ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Male Rats ◽

Glycogen Level ◽

Liver Sample ◽

Km Value ◽

Cd Exposure ◽

Menten Constant

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) on glucose metabolism disruption in liver cells homogenate in vitro. The glucose metabolism disruption was analyzed by measuring the level of liver glucose, glycogen and methylglyoxal (MG), and the activity of glucokinase activity. In this experiment, a liver sample was taken from male rats (Rattus novergicus). Samples then homogenized and divided into four groups with; C served as control which contains liver homogenate only; T1 which contains liver homogenate + 0.03 mg/l of cadmium sulphate (CdSO4); T2 which contains liver homogenate + 0.3 mg/l of CdSO4; and T3 which contains liver homogenate + 3 mg/l of CdSO4. After treatment, liver glucose, glycogen, and MG levels, and glucokinase activity were estimated. The activity of liver glucokinase was estimated by measuring the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value. The results revealed that Cd exposure could significantly increase glucose and MG levels, the Km value of glucokinase, and decreased the glycogen level in liver cells (P>0.05). These results indicated that Cd exposure induced the disruption of glucose metabolism in the liver.

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Potential Risk of Consuming Vegetables Planted in Soil with Lead and Cadmium and the Influence on Vegetable Antioxidant Activity

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3761

Author(s):

Wen-Lii Huang ◽

Wei-Hsiang Chang ◽

Shu-Fen Cheng ◽

Huai-Yuan Li ◽

Hsiu-Ling Chen

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Cd Exposure

Once in soil and water, metals can enter the food chain, and the consumption of contaminated crops can pose a serious risk to human health. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the accumulation of metal elements and their influence on levels of antioxidants in vegetables. The current study clearly demonstrates that metals accumulated in the five vegetables that were planted in the contaminated soils, especially so for water spinach. Cd accumulation of all of the vegetables planted in the contaminated soils was greater Cu. The low accumulation rate that was seen in sweet potato leaf, potato, and tomato indicated their suitability for planting in suspected contaminated soil, such as at farms nearby metal industries, in replacement of high accumulators, such as leafy vegetables. The non-carcinogenic HI of Cd exposure from water spinach and sweet potato were >1, whereas those for Cu were <1. This study suggests that residents may experience health risks due to vegetable consumption, and that children are vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal ingestion.

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The Effect of Cadmium on GFR Is Clarified by Normalization of Excretion Rates to Creatinine Clearance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1762

Author(s):

Soisungwan Satarug ◽

David A. Vesey ◽

Muneko Nishijo ◽

Werawan Ruangyuttikarn ◽

Glenda C. Gobe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Tubular Injury ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

Thai Subjects ◽

Urine Creatinine ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nephron Loss ◽

Urine Cadmium ◽

Excretion Rates ◽

Cd Exposure

Erroneous conclusions may result from normalization of urine cadmium and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase concentrations ([Cd]u and [NAG]u) to the urine creatinine concentration ([cr]u). In theory, the sources of these errors are nullified by normalization of excretion rates (ECd and ENAG) to creatinine clearance (Ccr). We hypothesized that this alternate approach would clarify the contribution of Cd-induced tubular injury to nephron loss. We studied 931 Thai subjects with a wide range of environmental Cd exposure. For x = Cd or NAG, Ex/Ecr and Ex/Ccr were calculated as [x]u/[cr]u and [x]u[cr]p/[cr]u, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR), and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for CKD were higher for log(ECd/Ccr) and log(ENAG/Ccr) than for log(ECd/Ecr) and log(ENAG/Ecr). Doubling of ECd/Ccr and ENAG/Ccr increased POR by 132% and 168%; doubling of ECd/Ecr and ENAG/Ecr increased POR by 64% and 54%. As log(ECd/Ccr) rose, associations of eGFR with log(ECd/Ccr) and log(ENAG/Ccr) became stronger, while associations of eGFR with log(ECd/Ecr) and log(ENAG/Ecr) became insignificant. In univariate regressions of eGFR on each of these logarithmic variables, R2 was consistently higher with normalization to Ccr. Our tabular and graphic analyses uniformly indicate that normalization to Ccr clarified relationships of ECd and ENAG to eGFR.

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Analysis of Cadmium Root Retention for Two Contrasting Rice Accessions Suggests an Important Role for OsHMA2

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 806

Author(s):

Moez Maghrebi ◽

Elena Baldoni ◽

Giorgio Lucchini ◽

Gianpiero Vigani ◽

Giampiero Valè ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcript Abundance ◽

Root Cells ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Cd Tolerance ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Relative Transcript Abundance ◽

Potential Capacity ◽

Cd Distribution ◽

Cd Exposure ◽

Cd Availability

Two rice accessions, Capataz and Beirao, contrasting for cadmium (Cd) tolerance and root retention, were exposed to a broad range of Cd concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM) and analyzed for their potential capacity to chelate, compartmentalize, and translocate Cd to gain information about the relative contribution of these processes in determining the different pathways of Cd distribution along the plants. In Capataz, Cd root retention increased with the external Cd concentration, while in Beirao it resulted independent of Cd availability and significantly higher than in Capataz at the lowest Cd concentrations analyzed. Analysis of thiol accumulation in the roots revealed that the different amounts of these compounds in Capataz and Beirao, as well as the expression levels of genes involved in phytochelatin biosynthesis and direct Cd sequestration into the vacuoles of the root cells, were not related to the capacity of the accessions to trap the metal into the roots. Interestingly, the relative transcript abundance of OsHMA2, a gene controlling root-to-shoot Cd/Zn translocation, was not influenced by Cd exposure in Capataz and progressively increased in Beirao with the external Cd concentration, suggesting that activity of the OsHMA2 transporter may differentially limit root-to-shoot Cd/Zn translocation in Capataz and Beirao.

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Zinc, Zinc Transporters, and Cadmium Cytotoxicity in a Cell Culture Model of Human Urothelium

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9050094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Soisungwan Satarug ◽

Scott H. Garrett ◽

Seema Somji ◽

Mary Ann Sens ◽

Donald A. Sens

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Zinc Transporters ◽

Cell Culture Model ◽

Induced Expression ◽

Glutathione Biosynthesis ◽

Culture Model ◽

A Cell ◽

Cd Exposure

We explored the potential role of zinc (Zn) and zinc transporters in protection against cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) in a cell culture model of human urothelium, named UROtsa. We used real-time qRT-PCR to quantify transcript levels of 19 Zn transporters of the Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) and ZnT gene families that were expressed in UROtsa cells and were altered by Cd exposure. Cd as low as 0.1 µM induced expression of ZnT1, known to mediate efflux of Zn and Cd. Loss of cell viability by 57% was seen 24 h after exposure to 2.5 µM Cd. Exposure to 2.5 µM Cd together with 10–50 µM Zn prevented loss of cell viability by 66%. Pretreatment of the UROtsa cells with an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis (buthionine sulfoximine) diminished ZnT1 induction by Cd with a resultant increase in sensitivity to Cd cytotoxicity. Conversely, pretreatment of UROtsa cells with an inhibitor of DNA methylation, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (aza-dC) did not change the extent of ZnT1 induction by Cd. The induced expression of ZnT1 that remained impervious in cells treated with aza-dC coincided with resistance to Cd cytotoxicity. Therefore, expression of ZnT1 efflux transporter and Cd toxicity in UROtsa cells could be modulated, in part, by DNA methylation and glutathione biosynthesis. Induced expression of ZnT1 may be a viable mechanistic approach to mitigating cytotoxicity of Cd.

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Chronic Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in Residents Living near a Zinc Smelter

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1731

Author(s):

HyeJeong Jo ◽

GeunBae Kim ◽

JunYoung Chang ◽

Kwan Lee ◽

ChulWoo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Male Sex ◽

Locally Grown ◽

Cd Exposure

This study aimed to measure lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure levels in residents living near a zinc (Zn) smelter in Seokpo-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, South Korea, and identify factors affecting exposure. Residents aged ≥20 years living within 3 km and ≥30 km away from the smelter were classified as the exposure group (n = 549), and the control group (n = 265), respectively. Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey. Blood Pb levels in the exposure group (4.19 µg/dL) were higher than in the control group (2.70 µg/dL). The exposure group (1.32 µg/L) also had higher urinary Cd concentrations than the control group (0.80 µg/L). Male sex, older age, previous work at the smelter, smoking, and proximity to the smelter were associated with higher blood Pb levels on multivariate analysis; urinary Cd concentration was significantly higher in women, those who were older, those with experience of working in a Zn smelter or mine, those with proximity to the Zn smelter, and those who consumed locally grown vegetables. In conclusion, Zn smelters are major source of Pb and Cd pollution and require ongoing public health management to prevent potential adverse health effects.

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Competition for minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) and Cd between sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa) and its definitive host sheep (Ovis aries)

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-011-0033-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I. Jankovská ◽

D. Lukešová ◽

J. Száková ◽

I. Langrová ◽

J. Vadlejch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Sheep Liver ◽

Moniezia Expansa ◽

Cd Exposure ◽

Sheep Muscle

AbstractConcentrations of various essential and toxic elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Cd) were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in the sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa) and in different tissues of its host Ovis aries. The element concentrations of the cestode parasites were compared to different organs (liver, kidney, and muscle) of sheep that were exposed to experimental amounts of Cd (0.2 g of CdCl2 added to 10 ml of distilled water and administered orally to the sheep every day for a period of 1 week). All sheep were randomly divided into four groups; the first group (Cd) contained uninfected, Cd exposed sheep, and its control (group C) were uninfected and unexposed to Cd; the second group (TCd) contained infected, Cd exposed sheep, and its control (group CT) contained infected, unexposed sheep. The experimental Cd exposure resulted in significantly higher Mn concentrations in sheep tapeworms (10.0 mg/kg) than in sheep muscle (0.6 mg/kg) and kidney (0.8 mg/kg). The experimental Cd exposure also significantly decreased the Cu concentrations in sheep liver and muscle. Moreover Cd exposure decreased the Fe concentrations in sheep kidney but caused it to increase in sheep liver and muscle. Zinc concentrations showed no differences between groups (Cd, TCd, C, T) in any monitored sheep tissues. The article also discuss the effect of tapeworm infection on a significant decrease of Fe in sheep muscle, liver and kidneys, as well as a decrease in Cu levels of the muscles and liver. This mineral imbalance may contribute to various health problems such as osteoporosis, metabolic processes disorder, antioxidant (SOD) dysfunction etc.

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