Surveillance of disease incidence in shrimp farms located in the east coastal region of India and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of probiotics against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Legionnaires’ disease incidence is on the rise, with the majority of cases attributed to the intracellular pathogen, Legionella pneumophila. Nominally a parasite of protozoa, L. pneumophila can also infect alveolar macrophages when bacteria-laden aerosols enter the lungs of immunocompromised individuals. L. pneumophila pathogenesis has been well characterized; however, little is known about the >25 different Legionella spp. that can cause disease in humans. Here, we report for the first time a study demonstrating the intracellular infection of an L. bozemanae clinical isolate using approaches previously established for L. pneumophila investigations. Specifically, we report on the modification and use of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing plasmid as a tool to monitor the L. bozemanae presence in the Acanthamoeba castellanii protozoan infection model. As comparative controls, L. pneumophila strains were also transformed with the GFP-expressing plasmid. In vitro and in vivo growth kinetics of the Legionella parental and GFP-expressing strains were conducted followed by confocal microscopy. Results suggest that the metabolic burden imposed by GFP expression did not impact cell viability, as growth kinetics were similar between the GFP-expressing Legionella spp. and their parental strains. This study demonstrates that the use of a GFP-expressing plasmid can serve as a viable approach for investigating Legionella non-pneumophila spp. in real time.

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Combination of Direct Viable Count and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (DVC-FISH) as a Potential Method for Identifying Viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Oysters and Mussels

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1502

Author(s):

Jorge García-Hernández ◽

Manuel Hernández ◽

Yolanda Moreno

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽

Potential Method ◽

Viable Count ◽

Hybridization Technique ◽

Fish Technique ◽

Viable Cells

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human food-borne pathogen with the ability to enter the food chain. It is able to acquire a viable, non-cultivable state (VBNC), which is not detected by traditional methods. The combination of the direct viable count method and a fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (DVC-FISH) makes it possible to detect microorganisms that can present VBNC forms in complex samples The optimization of the in vitro DVC-FISH technique for V. parahaemolyticus was carried out. The selected antibiotic was ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 0.75 μg/mL with an incubation time in DVC broth of 5 h. The DVC-FISH technique and the traditional plate culture were applied to detect and quantify the viable cells of the affected pathogen in artificially contaminated food matrices at different temperatures. The results obtained showed that low temperatures produced an important logarithmic decrease of V. parahaemolyticus, while at 22 °C, it proliferated rapidly. The DVC-FISH technique proved to be a useful tool for the detection and quantification of V. parahaemolyticus in the two seafood matrices of oysters and mussels. This is the first study in which this technique has been developed to detect viable cells for this microorganism.

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The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial efficacy optimized with cellular apoptosis on multi-functional polyurethane sealers for the root canal treatment

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d0tb02504f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1370-1383

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Lei ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Jinzheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Cellular Apoptosis ◽

Genetic Assessment

Combined with a series of antibacterial tests and the genetic assessment of the apoptotic pathway, an evaluation system has been rationalized to govern the fate of the different compositions of PU-based sealers.

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Long-lasting renewable antibacterial porous polymeric coatings enable titanium biomaterials to prevent and treat peri-implant infection

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23069-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuyi Wu ◽

Jianmeng Xu ◽

Leiyan Zou ◽

Shulu Luo ◽

Run Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

Polymeric Coating ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Polymeric Coatings ◽

Implant Infection ◽

Titanium Surfaces

AbstractPeri-implant infection is one of the biggest threats to the success of dental implant. Existing coatings on titanium surfaces exhibit rapid decrease in antibacterial efficacy, which is difficult to promisingly prevent peri-implant infection. Herein, we report an N-halamine polymeric coating on titanium surface that simultaneously has long-lasting renewable antibacterial efficacy with good stability and biocompatibility. Our coating is powerfully biocidal against both main pathogenic bacteria of peri-implant infection and complex bacteria from peri-implantitis patients. More importantly, its antibacterial efficacy can persist for a long term (e.g., 12~16 weeks) in vitro, in animal model, and even in human oral cavity, which generally covers the whole formation process of osseointegrated interface. Furthermore, after consumption, it can regain its antibacterial ability by facile rechlorination, highlighting a valuable concept of renewable antibacterial coating in dental implant. These findings indicate an appealing application prospect for prevention and treatment of peri-implant infection.

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Using Commercial Compost as Control Measures against Cucumber Root-Rot Disease

Journal of Mycology ◽

10.1155/2013/324570 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kamel Kamal Sabet ◽

Magdy Mohamed Saber ◽

Mohamed Adel-Aziz El-Naggar ◽

Nehal Samy El-Mougy ◽

Hatem Mohamed El-Deeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Control Measure ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Pythium Ultimum ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Cucumber Root

Five commercial composts were evaluated to suppress the root-rot pathogens (Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. and Wr, Pythium ultimum Trow, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cucumber plants under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In vitro tests showed that all tested unautoclaved and unfiltrated composts water extracts (CWEs) had inhibitor effect against pathogenic fungi, compared to autoclaved and filtrated ones. Also, the inhibitor effects of 40 bacteria and 15 fungi isolated from composts were tested against the mycelial growth of cucumber root-rot pathogens. Twenty two bacteria and twelve fungal isolates had antagonistic effect against root-rot pathogens. The antagonistic fungal isolates were identified as 6 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus spp., 5 isolates belong to the genus Penicillium spp. and one isolate belong to the genus Chaetomium spp. Under greenhouse conditions, the obtained results in pot experiment using artificial infested soil with cucumber root-rot pathogens showed that the compost amended soil reduced the percentage of disease incidence, pathogenic fungi population, and improved the cucumber vegetative parameters as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. These results suggested that composts are consequently considered as control measure against cucumber root-rot pathogens.

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Passive Immunization with Recombinant Antibody VLRB-PirAvp/PirBvp—Enriched Feeds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9010055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Jassy Mary S. Lazarte ◽

Young Rim Kim ◽

Jung Seok Lee ◽

Jin Hong Chun ◽

Si Won Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Recombinant Antibody ◽

Expression System ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Control Group ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Shrimp Feed ◽

A Cell ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Shrimp Farms

The causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is the bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which secretes toxins into the gastrointestinal tract of its host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxins A and B (PirAvp/PirBvp) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease, and are, therefore, the focus of studies developing treatments for AHPND. We previously produced recombinant antibodies based on the hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) capable of neutralizing some viruses, suggesting that this type of antibody may have a potential application for treatment of AHPND. Here, recombinant PirAvp/PirBvp, produced using a bacterial expression system, were used as antigens to screen a hagfish VLRB cDNA library to obtain PirAvp/PirBvp-specific antibodies. A cell line secreting these antibodies was established by screening and cloning the DNA extracted from hagfish B cells. Supernatants collected from cells secreting the PirAvp/PirBvp antibodies were collected and concentrated, and used to passively immunize shrimp to neutralize the toxins PirAvp or PirBvp associated with AHPND. Briefly, 10 μg of PirAvp and PirBvp antibodies, 7C12 and 9G10, respectively, were mixed with the shrimp feed, and fed to shrimp for three days consecutive days prior to experimentally infecting the shrimp with V. parahaemolyticus (containing toxins A and B), and resulting mortalities recorded for six days. Results showed significantly higher level of survival in shrimp fed with the PirBvp-9G10 antibody (60%) compared to the group fed the PirAvp-7C12 antibody (3%) and the control group (0%). This suggests that VLRB antibodies may be a suitable alternative to immunoglobulin-based antibodies, as passive immunization treatments for effective management of AHPND outbreaks within shrimp farms.

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In vitro Biomineralization Potential in Simulated Wound Fluid and Antibacterial Efficacy of Biologically-active Glass Nanoparticles containing B2O3/ZnO

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112338 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 112338

Author(s):

Tina Mehrabi ◽

Abdorreza S. Mesgar

Keyword(s):

Biologically Active ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Wound Fluid

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The Antibacterial Efficacy of Biopure MTAD in Root Canal Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/390526 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Blerim Kamberi ◽

Donika Bajrami ◽

Miranda Stavileci ◽

Shuhreta Omeragiq ◽

Fatmir Dragidella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Exact Test ◽

Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Significance

Aim. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Biopure MTAD against E. faecalis in contaminated root canals. Materials and Methods. Forty-two single rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for four weeks. The samples were divided in two control and five experimental groups irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl); 3% NaOCl; BioPure MTAD; 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA; or 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. After a one-week incubation, complete disinfection was confirmed by the absence of turbidity in the incubation media. Dentin shavings were taken from samples with no turbidity to verify whether E. faecalis was present in dentin tubules. Results were analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test, with the level of significance set at . Results. Statistical analysis of the data obtained at Day 7 and after dentin shaving analysis showed that BioPure MTAD had significantly greater antibacterial activity than 1.5% NaOCl, 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA and 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. No significant difference was detected between MTAD and 3% NaOCl. Conclusions. These findings suggest that BioPure MTAD possesses superior bactericidal activity compared with NaOCl and EDTA against E. faecalis.

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Evaluation of Green Manure Amendments for the Management of Fusarium Basal Rot (Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cepae) on Shallot

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/150235 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Assefa Sintayehu ◽

Seid Ahmed ◽

Chemeda Fininsa ◽

P. K. Sakhuja

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Ethiopian Mustard ◽

Basal Rot ◽

Fusarium Basal Rot ◽

Manure Amendments

Shallot (Allium cepaL. var.ascalonicum) is the most traditional vegetable crop in Ethiopia. Shallot is susceptible to a number of diseases that reduce yield and quality, among which fusarium basal rot (FBR) caused byFusarium oxysporumf.sp.cepae (Foc)is one of the most important yield limiting factors in Ethiopia. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness ofBrassicacrops for the management of shallot FBR on shallot. The experiments were carried out at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center using cabbage (Brassica oleracea), garden cress (Lepidium sativum), Ethiopia mustard (B. carinata), and rapeseed (B. napus). The evaluations were done underin vitroand greenhouse conditions. Underin vitrotest condition it was confirmed that extracts of Ethiopian mustard and rapeseed showed higher inhibition on the growth ofFocpathogen compared to control. Data on seedling emergence, plant height, plant stand, disease incidence, severity, cull bulbs, and bulb weight were collected in greenhouse experiment. The green manure amendments of rapeseed and Ethiopian mustard significantly reduced disease incidence by 21% and 30% and disease severity by 23% and 29%, respectively. However the plant emergency was not significantly different among treatments in greenhouse test. These results indicated that Ethiopian mustard and rapeseed crops have potential as green manure for the management of FBR disease of shallot crop.

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