Preparation and in vitro antibacterial properties of anodic coatings co-doped with Cu, Zn, and P on a Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in bone surgery by virtue of their excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility; however, complications such as loosening and sinking have been reported post-implantation. Herein we deposited a copper–cobalt (Cu–Co) co-doped titanium dioxide (TUO) coating on the surface of Ti implants by microarc oxidation. The osteogenic and antimicrobial properties of the coating were evaluated by in vitro experiments, and we also assessed β-catenin expression levels on different sample surfaces. Our results revealed that the coating promoted the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MG63 osteoblasts, and TUO coating promoted β-catenin expression; moreover, the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited. To summarize, we report that Cu–Co co-doping can enhance the osteogenic and antibacterial activities of orthopedic Ti implants, leading to potentially improved clinical performance.

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Cobalt-doped bioceramic scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing show enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic properties for bone repair

BioMedical Engineering OnLine ◽

10.1186/s12938-021-00907-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jungang Li ◽

Chaoqian Zhao ◽

Chun Liu ◽

Zhenyu Wang ◽

Zeming Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

3D Printing ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Doping Concentration ◽

Artificial Bone ◽

Bone Defect Repair ◽

Co Doping ◽

Defect Repair ◽

Co Doped

Abstract Background The bone regeneration of artificial bone grafts is still in need of a breakthrough to improve the processes of bone defect repair. Artificial bone grafts should be modified to enable angiogenesis and thus improve osteogenesis. We have previously revealed that crystalline Ca10Li(PO4)7 (CLP) possesses higher compressive strength and better biocompatibility than that of pure beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). In this work, we explored the possibility of cobalt (Co), known for mimicking hypoxia, doped into CLP to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods We designed and manufactured porous scaffolds by doping CLP with various concentrations of Co (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mol%) and using 3D printing techniques. The crystal phase, surface morphology, compressive strength, in vitro degradation, and mineralization properties of Co-doped and -undoped CLP scaffolds were investigated. Next, we investigated the biocompatibility and effects of Co-doped and -undoped samples on osteogenic and angiogenic properties in vitro and on bone regeneration in rat cranium defects. Results With increasing Co-doping level, the compressive strength of Co-doped CLP scaffolds decreased in comparison with that of undoped CLP scaffolds, especially when the Co-doping concentration increased to 1 mol%. Co-doped CLP scaffolds possessed excellent degradation properties compared with those of undoped CLP scaffolds. The (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mol%) Co-doped CLP scaffolds had mineralization properties similar to those of undoped CLP scaffolds, whereas the 1 mol% Co-doped CLP scaffolds shown no mineralization changes. Furthermore, compared with undoped scaffolds, Co-doped CLP scaffolds possessed excellent biocompatibility and prominent osteogenic and angiogenic properties in vitro, notably when the doping concentration was 0.25 mol%. After 8 weeks of implantation, 0.25 mol% Co-doped scaffolds had markedly enhanced bone regeneration at the defect site compared with that of the undoped scaffold. Conclusion In summary, CLP doped with 0.25 mol% Co2+ ions is a prospective method to enhance osteogenic and angiogenic properties, thus promoting bone regeneration in bone defect repair.

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The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3368

Author(s):

Héloïse Côté ◽

André Pichette ◽

Alexis St-Gelais ◽

Jean Legault

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Monarda Didyma

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Monarda didyma, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. didyma essential oil and its main compounds in vitro. We then evaluated the effectiveness of M. didyma essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. M. didyma essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (MIC = 87 µg·mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 47 µg·mL−1), and Clostridium perfringens (MIC = 35 µg·mL−1). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, M. didyma essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding M. didyma essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

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A High-Throughput Metabolic Microarray Assay Reveals Antibacterial Effects of Black and Red Raspberries and Blackberries against Helicobacter pylori Infection

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 845

Author(s):

Candace Goodman ◽

Katrina N. Lyon ◽

Aitana Scotto ◽

Cyra Smith ◽

Thomas A. Sebrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

High Throughput ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Biolog System ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection is commonly treated with a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. However, since H. pylori is becoming increasingly resistant to standard antibiotic regimens, novel treatment strategies are needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that black and red berries may have antibacterial properties. Therefore, we analyzed the antibacterial effects of black and red raspberries and blackberries on H. pylori. Freeze-dried powders and organic extracts from black and red raspberries and blackberries were prepared, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of anthocyanins, which are considered the major active ingredients. To monitor antibiotic effects of the berry preparations on H. pylori, a high-throughput metabolic growth assay based on the Biolog system was developed and validated with the antibiotic metronidazole. Biocompatibility was analyzed using human gastric organoids. All berry preparations tested had significant bactericidal effects in vitro, with MIC90 values ranging from 0.49 to 4.17%. Antimicrobial activity was higher for extracts than powders and appeared to be independent of the anthocyanin concentration. Importantly, human gastric epithelial cell viability was not negatively impacted by black raspberry extract applied at the concentration required for complete bacterial growth inhibition. Our data suggest that black and red raspberry and blackberry extracts may have potential applications in the treatment and prevention of H. pylori infection but differ widely in their MICs. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Biolog metabolic assay is suitable for high-throughput antimicrobial susceptibility screening of H. pylori.

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An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20987744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098774

Author(s):

Jinpeng Zou ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Ruiwei Guo ◽

Yu Tang ◽

Zhengrong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Antibiotic Combination

The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.

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Y3+ and Sm3+ co-doped mixed metal oxide nanocomposite: Structural, electrochemical, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties

Applied Surface Science Advances ◽

10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 100085 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karthik Kannan ◽

D Radhika ◽

D. Gnanasangeetha ◽

L. Sivarama Krishna ◽

K Gurushankar

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxide ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Mixed Metal Oxide ◽

Mixed Metal ◽

Co Doped

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Antibacterial properties in-vitro of Mexican serviceberry extracts against dental biofilm species

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-210718 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña ◽

Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽

Claudia Velázquez-González ◽

Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis ◽

América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Biofilm Bacteria

BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p < 0.01); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.001); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.

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In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 450

Author(s):

Maigualida Cuenca ◽

María Carmen Sánchez ◽

Pedro Diz ◽

Lucía Martínez-Lamas ◽

Maximiliano Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of S. downii sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to S. downii sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. The presence of S. downii sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans was observed (p < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to S. downii sp. nov., counts of S. mutans (p = 0.019) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of S. downii sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.

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Designing P. aeruginosa synthetic phages with reduced genomes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81580-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diana P. Pires ◽

Rodrigo Monteiro ◽

Dalila Mil-Homens ◽

Arsénio Fialho ◽

Timothy K. Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Infection Model ◽

Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

First Time

AbstractIn the era where antibiotic resistance is considered one of the major worldwide concerns, bacteriophages have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to deal with this problem. Genetically engineered bacteriophages can enable enhanced anti-bacterial functionalities, but require cloning additional genes into the phage genomes, which might be challenging due to the DNA encapsulation capacity of a phage. To tackle this issue, we designed and assembled for the first time synthetic phages with smaller genomes by knocking out up to 48% of the genes encoding hypothetical proteins from the genome of the newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage vB_PaeP_PE3. The antibacterial efficacy of the wild-type and the synthetic phages was assessed in vitro as well as in vivo using a Galleria mellonella infection model. Overall, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the knock-outs made in phage genome do not impair the antibacterial properties of the synthetic phages, indicating that this could be a good strategy to clear space from phage genomes in order to enable the introduction of other genes of interest that can potentiate the future treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Silver–Strontium (Ag-Sr)-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7020034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Shaher Bano ◽

Memoona Akhtar ◽

Muhammad Yasir ◽

Muhammad Salman Maqbool ◽

Akbar Niaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Charge Composition ◽

In Vitro Bioactivity ◽

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Biomedical implants are the need of this era due to the increase in number of accidents and follow-up surgeries. Different types of bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, bone cancer, etc., are increasing globally. Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) are used in biomedical devices due to their osteointegration and bioactive properties. In this study, silver (Ag)- and strontium (Sr)-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ag-Sr MBGNs) were prepared by a modified Stöber process. In this method, Ag+ and Sr2+ were co-substituted in pure MBGNs to harvest the antibacterial properties of Ag ions, as well as pro-osteogenic potential of Sr2 ions. The effect of the two-ion concentration on morphology, surface charge, composition, antibacterial ability, and in-vitro bioactivity was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the doping of Sr and Ag in MBGNs. SEM and EDX analysis confirmed the spherical morphology and typical composition of MBGNs, respectively. The Ag-Sr MBGNs showed a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus carnosus and Escherichia coli bacteria determined via turbidity and disc diffusion method. Moreover, the synthesized Ag-Sr MBGNs develop apatite-like crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), which suggested that the addition of Sr improved in vitro bioactivity. The Ag-Sr MBGNs synthesized in this study can be used for the preparation of scaffolds or as a filler material in the composite coatings for bone tissue engineering.

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