Analysis of historical negative control group data from the rat in vivo micronucleus assay

Abstract Background: This research was performed to synthesize nanophytosomes-loaded high phenolic fraction (HPF) from Juniperus polycarpos fruit extract and investigate its antiproliferation effects against breast cancer in mice model. Results: The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF from Juniperus polycarpos fruit extract was synthesized. The mice trial was conducted to determine the possible toxic effects of the synthesized nanophytosomes. The anticancer, pro-apoptotic, and antioxidative activities of the nanophytosomes were determined. The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF had a spherical structure with a size of 176 nm and a polydispersity index coefficient of 0.24. The in-vivo study manifested that nanophytosomes-loaded HPF significantly improved weight gain and food intake compared to the negative control group (p<0.05). The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF significantly enhanced the expression of bax (3.4-fold) and caspase-3 (2.7-fold) genes but reduced bcl2 (3.6-fold) gene expression in tumor cells. The average tumor size was significantly decreased in mice treated with nanophytosomes-loaded HPF (p<0.05). The expression of GPX (2.3-fold) and SOD (2.7-fold) antioxidants in the liver of mice supplemented with nanophytosomes-loaded HPF was significantly developed compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF did not show toxicity on normal cells. Conclusion: Our results indicated that nanophytosomes-loaded HPF might be a potential anticancer agent for the breast cancer treatment.

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THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF OMEGA-3 AGAINST GENOTOXICITY AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF COBALT OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ACUTE TREATMENT IN MALE MICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.25245 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 423

Author(s):

Nahed A Hussien ◽

Hanan R. H. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Cobalt Oxide ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Protective Role ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Genotoxic Potential ◽

Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Objective: Cobalt nanoparticles (NPs), especially cobalt oxide NPs (Co3O4 NPs) are attracting unique shaped NPs that are used in different biomedical applications and medicine. Different in vitro studies report their toxic and carcinogenic effect but limited in vivo studies were present on its genotoxic potential. The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of Co3O4 NPs on bone marrow cells and sperms and the protective role of omega-3 in male albino mice.Methods: Animals were segregated into four groups that were orally treated for 3 consecutive days, Group 1: Negative control; Group 2: Omega-3 (250 mg/kg); Group 3: Co3O4 NPs (20 mg/kg); and Group 4: Combined group (250 mg/kg Omega-3 and Co3O4 NPs 20 mg/kg).Results: The present results show that Co3O4 NPs administration significantly increased number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs)/1000 PCEs, sperm abnormalities, and DNA damage, significantly decreased sperm motility and concentration in comparison to negative control group. However, Omega-3 administration in the combined group modulates the genotoxic potential of Co3O4 NPs in comparison to Co3O4 NPs group.Conclusion: The present study reports the genotoxic potential of Co3O4 NPs in vivo and assesses the protective role of Omega-3 administration due to its antioxidant effect.

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INFLUENCE OF JAMU MADURA “EMPOT SUPER” ON THE VAGINAL EPITHELIUM THICKNESS OF WHITE MICE (Rattus norvegicus) – AN IN VIVO STUDY

Journal of Islamic Pharmacy ◽

10.18860/jip.v2i1.4236 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Anik Listiyana

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Vaginal Epithelium ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Epithelium Thickness

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of jamu Madura “Empot Super” (JMES) on the vaginal epithelium thickness of Rattus norvegicus in vivo. This research is kind of “true experimental-post test only control group design”. The rats were given drinking JMES once daily PS (Per-Sonde) for a month, then the vagina was taken to be sample for HE colouring. The sample was observed by the binocular microscope (100 times magnification) to identify the changes in the thickness of their vaginal epithelium. Calculation of the vaginal epithelium thickness was counted on the 10 field of view chosen randomly by the blind method. The result show that the vaginal epithelium thickness increased with dose 0,17mg/BW, 0,34mg/BW, and 0,68mg/BW of JMES compared with negative control group. But, the vaginal epithelium thickness decrease at the dose 0,51mg/BW compared with negative control group. Keywords: Jamu Madura “Empot Super” (JMES), vaginal epithelium thickness, white mice (Rattus norvegicus), In Vivo study

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In vivo Antitumoral Effect of Plantago major L. Extract on Balb/C Mouse with Ehrlich Ascites Tumor

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x07005314 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (05) ◽

pp. 841-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mehmet Ozaslan ◽

I. Didem Karagöz ◽

M. Emin Kalender ◽

I. Halil. Kilic ◽

Ibrahim Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Ehrlich Ascites Tumor ◽

Control Group ◽

Plantago Major ◽

Ascites Tumor ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Ehrlich Ascites

The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of Plantago major L. extract in Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) bearing Balb/C mice in vivo. Thirty male Balb/C mice were divided into 5 groups: 3 treatment groups and 2 control groups (6 per group). Treatment groups and the negative control group were injected with EAT (1 × 106 cells) intraperitoneally to develop ascites tumor. P. major L. extract (1%, 2% and 3% concentration extracts, 0.1 ml/day/mouse) were given p.o. for 10 alternate days. The control group was treated with 0.9% NaCl solution (0.1 ml/day/mouse). The changes of body weight in animals were recorded. On the 11th day, all of the mice were sacrified and their tissues were stained with haematoxylen and eosin for pathological studies. Body weights of in 3 treatment groups and the negative control group were elevated because of tumor burden. The maximal weight gain was recorded in the negative control group and the minimal weight gain was recorded in Group I. Pathological studies showed that P. major L. extract (especially 1% concentration) has inhibitive effect on EAT. P. major has an inhibitory effect on EAT in a dose dependent manner.

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Preparation and Evaluation of Azelaic Acid Topical Microemulsion Formulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 410

Author(s):

Wan-Hsuan Hung ◽

Ping-Kang Chen ◽

Chih-Wun Fang ◽

Ying-Chi Lin ◽

Pao-Chu Wu

Keyword(s):

Azelaic Acid ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Topical Administration ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Commercial Product ◽

Control Group ◽

Drug Delivery Carrier

The aim of this study was to design oil in water (O/W) microemulsion formulations for the topical administration of azelaic acid. The permeability of azelaic acid through rat skin and the anti-inflammatory activities of the formulations were conducted to examine the efficacy of the designed formulations. Skin irritation and stability tests were also performed. The permeability of azelaic acid was significantly increased by using O/W microemulsions as carriers. The edema index of ear swelling percentage was significantly recovered by the 5% drug-loaded formulation and a 20% commercial product, demonstrating that the experimental formulation possessed comparable effect with the commercial product on the improvement of inflammation. The experimental formulation did not cause significant skin irritation compared to the negative control group. Moreover, the drug-loaded formulation also showed thermodynamic stability and chemical stability after storage for 30 days. In conclusion, the O/W microemulsion was a potential drug delivery carrier for azelaic acid topical application.

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POTENSI EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiberaceae officinale rosc)SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA DAN PENINGKAT KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA INTRA URETHRA

WAHANA ◽

10.36456/wahana.v69i2.1061 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ersanto Ersanto ◽

Sukarjati Sukarjati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Plate Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Plate Count Method ◽

Red Ginger

Red Ginger (Zingiberaceae officinale rosc) is known to be used as an anti-microbial andenhancing the quality of spermatozoa. This study aims to demonstrate of the red ginger extract(Zingiberaceae officinale rosc)potential as an antimicrobial and the quality enhancer of spermatozoain laboratory rats injected by Staphylococcus aureus to its urethra. The red ginger was extracted byethanol. The sample of this research was the spermatozoa of 30 mice that were injected byStaphylococcus aureus to its urethra. Potential test of red ginger extract on the laboratory ratsconducted by observing the spermatozoaâ€™s motility, viability, morphology, the spermatozoaâ€™sconcentration and the amount of spermatozoa leukocyte in the laboratory rats after the administrationof the red ginger extract for 35 days under the microscope. Antimicrobial activity test onStaphylococcus aureus was done by culturing the spermatozoa of laboratory rats (in vivo) afteradministering the red ginger extract for 35 days with total plate count method. The result of the studyshowed that there were differences between negative control group of laboratory rats and positivecontrol group of laboratory rats (laboratory rats injected with Staphylococcus aureus intra urethra)motility (p = 0.000), viability (p = 0.000), morphology (p = 0.000), concentration (p = 0.000), and theamount of leukocyte (p = 0.000). Whereas on the calculation of red ginger extract bacterial coloniesgive the significant effects p <0.05 on the growth of S. aureus. Based on the results of this study, it canbe conclude that the red ginger has potential as an antimicrobial and it also can improve the quality ofspermatozoa in laboratory rats infected with S. aureus through its urethra.

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AgNPs Argovit™ Modulates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity on Peripheral Blood Erythrocytes In Vivo

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11082096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2096

Author(s):

Idalia Yazmin Castañeda-Yslas ◽

Olivia Torres-Bugarín ◽

Juan Carlos García-Ramos ◽

Yanis Toledano-Magaña ◽

Patricia Radilla-Chávez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Weight Group ◽

Genotoxic Damage ◽

Average Size

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been studied worldwide for their potential biomedical applications. Specifically, they are proposed as a novel alternative for cancer treatment. However, the determination of their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects continues to limit their application. The commercially available silver nanoparticle Argovit™ has shown antineoplastic, antiviral, antibacterial, and tissue regenerative properties, activities triggered by its capacity to promote the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the Argovit™ formulation (average size: 35 nm) on BALB/c mice using the micronucleus in a peripheral blood erythrocytes model. Besides, we evaluated the capability of AgNPs to modulate the genotoxic effect induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) after the administration of the oncologic agent. To achieve this, 5–6-week-old male mice with a mean weight of 20.11 ± 2.38 g were treated with water as negative control (Group 1), an single intraperitoneal dose of CP (50 mg/kg of body weight, Group 2), a daily oral dose of AgNPs (6 mg/kg of weight, Group 3) for three consecutive days, or a combination of these treatment schemes: one day of CP doses (50 mg/kg of body weight) followed by three doses of AgNPs (one dose per day, Group 4) and three alternate doses of CP and AgNPs (six days of exposure, Group 5). Blood samples were taken just before the first administration (0 h) and every 24 h for seven days. Our results show that Argovit™ AgNPs induced no significant cytotoxic or acute genotoxic damage. The observed cumulative genotoxic damage in this model could be caused by the accumulation of AgNPs due to administered consecutive doses. Furthermore, the administration of AgNPs after 24 h of CP seems to have a protective effect on bone marrow and reduces by up to 50% the acute genotoxic damage induced by CP. However, this protection is not enough to counteract several doses of CP. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the exceptional chemoprotective capacity produced by a non-cytotoxic silver nanoparticle formulation against CP genotoxic damage has been reported. These findings raise the possibility of using AgNPs as an adjuvant agent with current treatments, reducing adverse effects.

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Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.13.2.583.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Israel Oghenevwodoko Okoro ◽

◽

Helen Ejiro Kadiri ◽

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

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POTENTIAL ETHANOL OF Carica papaya L. EXTRACT AS IMMUNOMODULATORY THROUGH HISTOLOGY OBSERVATION AT MICE BALB/C SPLEEN

Berkala Kedokteran ◽

10.20527/jbk.v13i2.4077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Sri Tasminatun ◽

Ria Pravitasari ◽

SN. Nurul Makiyah

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract: The diameter of the alba pulp of the spleen will be enlarged, when the body responds to allergens by increasing the activity of the immune system. Papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) containing flavonoid that can be as an immunomodulator. This study aims to determine the effect of C. papaya extract to the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen of Ovalbumin (OVA) induced Balb/C mice. The research design was experimental in vivo animal test with post-test only control group design. Thirty male Balb/C mice, ±20grams weight, 8 weeks old, divided into six groups consists of a normal control, negative control, Methylprednisolone, and C. papaya extract treatment group (175mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 700mg/kg dose per day). The extract and Methylprednisolone are given for 28 days, while OVA is given on 15thand 22ndday (intraperitoneal,) and 23rd until 28thday (peroral). On the 29thday the mice are sacrificed and the duodenum was made into histological preparation with HE staining. The immunomodulator effect is assessed by the average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen under a light microscope. The data were analyzed using SPSS15 with one way ANOVA continued with Tukey test. The average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen for control group is 10,165 ± 0,195; negative control group is 30,357 ± 0,826; methylprednisolone group is 10,220 ± 0,346; 175mg/kgbb dose extract is 14,956 ± 1,057; 350mg/kgbb dose extract is 14,030 ± 0,667; and 700mg/kgbb dose extract is 12,504 ± 0,729. The conclusion of this study is Carica papaya L. extract treatment group (175mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 700mg/kg dose per day) has an effect to the average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen in OVA-induced Balb/C mice significantly. 700mg/kg dose per day has the same effect with the methylprednisolone group. Keywords: immunomodulator, Carica papaya L., alba pulp of the spleen, ovalbumin

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