Regulation of pyroptosis in cardiovascular pathologies: role of noncoding RNAs

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the largest groups of ribonucleic acids, but, despite the increasing amount of literature data, the least understood. Given the involvement of lncRNA in basic cellular processes, especially in the regulation of transcription, the role of these noncoding molecules seems to be of great importance for the proper functioning of the organism. Studies have shown a relationship between disturbed lncRNA expression and the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The present article presents a detailed review of the latest reports and data regarding the importance of lncRNA in the development of cancers, including breast carcinoma.

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Neuronal guidance proteins in cardiovascular inflammation

Basic Research in Cardiology ◽

10.1007/s00395-021-00847-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marius Keller ◽

Valbona Mirakaj ◽

Michael Koeppen ◽

Peter Rosenberger

Keyword(s):

Cell Activation ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Immune Cell Activation ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

The Future ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Neuronal Guidance

AbstractCardiovascular pathologies are often induced by inflammation. The associated changes in the inflammatory response influence vascular endothelial biology; they complicate the extent of ischaemia and reperfusion injury, direct the migration of immune competent cells and activate platelets. The initiation and progression of inflammation is regulated by the classical paradigm through the system of cytokines and chemokines. Therapeutic approaches have previously used this knowledge to control the extent of cardiovascular changes with varying degrees of success. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have emerged in recent years and have been shown to be significantly involved in the control of tissue inflammation and the mechanisms of immune cell activation. Therefore, proteins of this class might be used in the future as targets to control the extent of inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we describe the role of NGPs during cardiovascular inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic options that could be explored in the future.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Chinese Wheat Mosaic Virus Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Weiran Zheng ◽

Haichao Hu ◽

Qisen Lu ◽

Peng Jin ◽

Linna Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Chinese Wheat

Recent studies have shown that a large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate various biological processes in animals and plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in many plants, they have not been reported in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Particularly, the role of lncRNAs in plant virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we identified lncRNAs in N. benthamiana response to Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection by RNA sequencing. A total of 1175 lncRNAs, including 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, were identified during CWMV infection. We then analyzed the functions of some of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, one differentially expressed lncRNA, XLOC_006393, was found to participate in CWMV infection as a precursor to microRNAs in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in the regulatory network of N. benthamiana in response to CWMV infection.

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LINC-PINT impedes DNA repair and enhances radiotherapeutic response by targeting DNA-PKcs in nasopharyngeal cancer

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-03728-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

Author(s):

You-hong Wang ◽

Zhen Guo ◽

Liang An ◽

Yong Zhou ◽

Heng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Dependent Protein Kinase ◽

Damage Repair ◽

Dependent Protein ◽

Cancer Tissues

AbstractRadioresistance continues to be the leading cause of recurrence and metastasis in nasopharyngeal cancer. Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as regulators of DNA damage and radioresistance. LINC-PINT was originally identified as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. In this study, LINC-PINT was significantly downregulated in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues than in rhinitis tissues, and low LINC-PINT expressions showed poorer prognosis in patients who received radiotherapy. We further identified a functional role of LINC-PINT in inhibiting the malignant phenotypes and sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC-PINT was responsive to DNA damage, inhibiting DNA damage repair through ATM/ATR-Chk1/Chk2 signaling pathways. Moreover, LINC-PINT increased radiosensitivity by interacting with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and negatively regulated the expression and recruitment of DNA-PKcs. Therefore, these findings collectively support the possibility that LINC-PINT serves as an attractive target to overcome radioresistance in NPC.

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Small Noncoding RNAs in Knee Osteoarthritis: The Role of MicroRNAs and tRNA-Derived Fragments

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5711

Author(s):

Julian Zacharjasz ◽

Anna M. Mleczko ◽

Paweł Bąkowski ◽

Tomasz Piontek ◽

Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Limited Information ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Small Noncoding Rnas ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Cartilage Homeostasis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative knee joint disease that results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, affecting about 3.3% of the world's population. As OA is a multifactorial disease, the underlying pathological process is closely associated with genetic changes in articular cartilage and bone. Many studies have focused on the role of small noncoding RNAs in OA and identified numbers of microRNAs that play important roles in regulating bone and cartilage homeostasis. The connection between other types of small noncoding RNAs, especially tRNA-derived fragments and knee osteoarthritis is still elusive. The observation that there is limited information about small RNAs different than miRNAs in knee OA was very surprising to us, especially given the fact that tRNA fragments are known to participate in a plethora of human diseases and a portion of them are even more abundant than miRNAs. Inspired by these findings, in this review we have summarized the possible involvement of microRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments in the pathology of knee osteoarthritis.

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Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9120486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Sílvia C. Rodrigues ◽

Renato M. S. Cardoso ◽

Filipe V. Duarte

Keyword(s):

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Mitochondrial Protein ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Atp Synthesis ◽

Mitochondrial Proteins ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Small Noncoding Rnas ◽

Mitochondrial Ribosome

The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.

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Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1220

Author(s):

Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽

Héctor Riveros-Rosas ◽

María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros ◽

Héctor Vázquez-Meza

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Reactive Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.

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Clinico-pharmacological aspects of metoprolol use

Systemic Hypertension ◽

10.26442/sg28997 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

G S Anikin ◽

I M Chernova ◽

V G Vinokurov

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Review Article ◽

Metoprolol Tartrate ◽

Metoprolol Succinate ◽

Treatment Of Hypertension ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Artery Disease

Over the years b-blocker metoprolol is one of the commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of various cardiovascular pathologies . The following review article discusses the classification of b-blockers , and pharmacokinetics of two metoprolol forms available on the market today: metoprolol tartrate (Vasocardin, Corvitolum, Egilok ) and metoprolol succinate (Betaloc ZOK). The role of metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure is described here as well.

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