Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds. A Pharmacological Reference Guide to Sites of Action and Biological Effects Gideon Polya, 847 pages, Taylor and Francis Publishers, ISBN 0-415-30829-1 (£199)

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
S Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Sites Of Action

scholarly journals Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Waste as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Aquaculture

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Nayely Leyva-López ◽  
Cynthia E. Lizárraga-Velázquez ◽  
Crisantema Hernández ◽  
Erika Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.

scholarly journals Effect of polyphenols on the intestinal and placental transport of some bioactive compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Martel ◽  
Rosário Monteiro ◽  
Conceição Calhau
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Epithelial Barriers

Polyphenols are a group of widely distributed phytochemicals present in most foods of vegetable origin. A growing number of biological effects have been attributed to these molecules in the past few years and only recently has their interference with the transport capacity of epithelial barriers received attention. This review will present data obtained concerning the effect of polyphenols upon the transport of some compounds (organic cations, glucose and the vitamins thiamin and folic acid) at the intestinal and placental barriers. Important conclusions can be drawn: (i) different classes of polyphenols affect transport of these bioactive compounds at the intestinal epithelia and the placenta; (ii) different compounds belonging to the same phenolic family often possess opposite effects upon transport of a given molecule; (iii) the acute and chronic/short-term and long-term exposures to polyphenols do not produce parallel results and, therefore, care should be taken when extrapolating results; (iv) the effect of polyphenolics in combination may be very different from the expected ones taking into account the effect of each of these compounds alone, and so care should be taken when speculating on the effect of a drink based on the effect of one component only; (v) care should be taken in drawing conclusions for alcoholic beverages from results obtained with ethanol alone. Although most of the data reviewed in the present paper refer to in vitro experiments with cell-culture systems, these studies raise a concern about possible changes in the bioavailability of substrates upon concomitant ingestion of polyphenols.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits of Jujube (Zizyphus Lotus L.) Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition and Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souleymane Abdoul-Azize
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Cyclopeptide Alkaloids ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Deciduous Shrub ◽  
Medical Interest

Zizyphus lotus, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is a deciduous shrub which generally grows in arid and semiarid regions of the globe. In traditional medicine, Z. lotus is used as antidiabetes, sedative, bronchitis, and antidiarrhea by local populations. Recently, several scientific reports for health benefit and nutritional potential of bioactive compounds from this jujube have been reported. This plant is rich in polyphenols, cyclopeptide alkaloids, dammarane saponins, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These identified compounds were supposed to be responsible for most of Z. lotus biologically relevant activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the present review was to give particular emphasis on the most recent findings on biological effects of the major groups of Zizyphus lotus components and their medical interest, notably for human nutrition, health benefit, and therapeutic impacts.

scholarly journals Bioactive Potential of Two Marine Picocyanobacteria Belonging to Cyanobium and Synechococcus Genera

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Patrizia Pagliara ◽  
Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto ◽  
Matteo Francavilla ◽  
Amilcare Barca ◽  
Carmela Caroppo
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Coccoid cyanobacteria produce a great variety of secondary metabolites, which may have useful properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulant or anticancer activities. These cyanobacterial metabolites have high ecological significance, and they could be considered responsible for the widespread occurrence of these microorganisms. Considering the great benefit derived from the identification of competent cyanobacteria for the extraction of bioactive compounds, two strains of picocyanobacteria (coccoid cyanobacteria < 3 µm) (Cyanobium sp. ITAC108 and Synechococcus sp. ITAC107) isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis were analyzed. The biological effects of organic and aqueous extracts from these picocyanobacteria toward the nauplii of Artemia salina, sea urchin embryos and human cancer lines (HeLa cells) were evaluated. Methanolic and aqueous extracts from the two strains strongly inhibited larval development; on the contrary, in ethyl acetate and hexane extracts, the percentage of anomalous embryos was low. Moreover, all the extracts of the two strains inhibited HeLa cell proliferation, but methanol extracts exerted the highest activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis evidenced for the first time the presence of β-N-methylamino-l-alanine and microcystin in these picocyanobacteria. The strong cytotoxic activity observed for aqueous and methanolic extracts of these two cyanobacteria laid the foundation for the production of bioactive compounds of pharmacological interest.

scholarly journals Characterisation of an Aromatic Plant-based Formula using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, LC–ESI(+)QTOF-MS and HPLC-DAD Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Bunghez ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Florina Zagrean ◽  
Raluca Maria Pop ◽  
Floricuta Ranga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
New Product ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. It is known for a long time that seasoning/condimentary herbs have antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties, being good natural alternatives for disease prevention. The different efficiency of these plants is assigned to their bioactive molecules, stability and bioavailability. In the present study seven aromatic herbs (basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, clove, cinnamon and sage) were investigated individually. A new product was developed using basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, clove, cinnamon and sage, according to a default recipe. The characterization of each plant aimed to identify the specific “fingerprint” by its main bioactive molecules and the “traceability” of these molecules in the new product, made by mixing the selected plants according to a default recipe. In order to determine the main bioactive compounds of the individual plants composition, in comparison with the new plant-based (EPC) formula, high throughput techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-QTOF-MS  spectrometry were used. The most important bioactive compounds determined in the studied herbs, which may exert antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties, were phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids), quinones, clorophylls as well some polar terpenoids. The fingerprints are providing comprehensive and accurate information about the compounds that may exert antimicrobial properties. In order to assure the biological effects and the bioavailability of the polyphenols and the secondary metabolites we have to consider the antagonistic and synergistic effect that the metabolites can exert on each other.

scholarly journals Cruciferous vegetables and colo-rectal cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lynn ◽  
Andrew Collins ◽  
Zoë Fuller ◽  
Kevin Hillman ◽  
Brian Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Large Measurement

Cruciferous vegetables have been studied extensively for their chemoprotective effects. Although they contain many bioactive compounds, the anti-carcinogenic actions of cruciferous vegetables are commonly attributed to their content of glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are relatively biologically inert but can be hydrolysed to a range of bioactive compounds such as isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles by the plant-based enzyme myrosinase, or less efficiently by the colonic microflora. A number of mechanisms whereby ITC and indoles may protect against colo-rectal cancer have been identified. In experimental animals cruciferous vegetables have been shown to inhibit chemically-induced colon cancer. However, the results of recent epidemiological cohort studies have been inconsistent and this disparity may reflect a lack of sensitivity of such studies. Possible explanations for the failure of epidemiological studies to detect an effect include: assessment of cruciferous vegetable intake by methods that are subject to large measurement errors; the interaction between diet and genotype has not been considered: the effect that post-harvest treatments may have on biological effects of cruciferous vegetables has not been taken into account.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds of Porcine Hearts and Aortas May Improve Cardiovascular Disorders in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7330
Author(s):  
Irina Chernukha ◽  
Elena Kotenkova ◽  
Svetlana Derbeneva ◽  
Daniil Khvostov
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
The Difference

Functional foods promote health benefits in human metabolism, with bioactive compounds acting as therapeutic agents. The aim was to investigate the biological effects of a pâté made of pork hearts and aortas, minced, sterilised and packed in tins. Adults (61–66 years old) with a body mass index of 26.4–60.7 kg/m2 (n = 36) were randomly divided into two groups: one group consumed a low-calorie diet (LCD), while the other consumed an LCD with the developed meat product (MP) for 28–30 days. Serum biochemical parameters, anthropometry and blood pressure were measured. Consumption of an LCD + MP by experimental group participants helped to maintain reduced cholesterol levels. The difference in total cholesterol was significantly different (p = 0.018) from that of the control group, mainly due to the difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.005). Six peptides with potential cholesterol-binding properties and four peptides with potential antioxidant activity were identified in the MP, while elevation of the content of two peptides with potential angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity was detected in patients’ plasma. Intervention with the MP can be considered as a supportive therapy to the main treatment for medical cardiovascular diseases due to a positive effect on serum cholesterol.

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