Predicting the performance uncertainty of a 1-MW pilot-scale carbon capture system after hierarchical laboratory-scale calibration and validation

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Co–Fe–Al Catalysts for High-Calorific Synthetic Natural Gas Production: Pilot-Scale Synthesis of Catalysts

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11010105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Tae Young Kim ◽

Seong Bin Jo ◽

Jin Hyeok Woo ◽

Jong Heon Lee ◽

Ragupathy Dhanusuraman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Spinel Phase ◽

Space Velocity ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Gas Production ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Synthetic Natural Gas ◽

Co Conversion ◽

Ft Ir

Co–Fe–Al catalysts prepared using coprecipitation at laboratory scale were investigated and extended to pilot scale for high-calorific synthetic natural gas. The Co–Fe–Al catalysts with different metal loadings were analyzed using BET, XRD, H2-TPR, and FT-IR. An increase in the metal loading of the Co–Fe–Al catalysts showed low spinel phase ratio, leading to an improvement in reducibility. Among the catalysts, 40CFAl catalyst prepared at laboratory scale afforded the highest C2–C4 hydrocarbon time yield, and this catalyst was successfully reproduced at the pilot scale. The pelletized catalyst prepared at pilot scale showed high CO conversion (87.6%), high light hydrocarbon selectivity (CH4 59.3% and C2–C4 18.8%), and low byproduct amounts (C5+: 4.1% and CO2: 17.8%) under optimum conditions (space velocity: 4000 mL/g/h, 350 °C, and 20 bar).

Download Full-text

Assessment of clogging in constructed wetlands by saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 314-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. Licciardello ◽

R. Aiello ◽

V. Alagna ◽

M. Iovino ◽

D. Ventura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Test Method ◽

Conductivity Measurements ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales ◽

Ks Values

Abstract This study aims at defining a methodology to evaluate Ks reductions of gravel material constituting constructed wetland (CW) bed matrices. Several schemes and equations for the Lefranc's test were compared by using different gravel sizes and at multiple spatial scales. The falling-head test method was implemented by using two steel permeameters: one impervious (IMP) and one pervious (P) on one side. At laboratory scale, mean K values for a small size gravel (8–15 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 19,466 m/d and 30,662 m/d, respectively. Mean Ks values for a big size gravel (10–25 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 12,135 m/d and 20,866 m/d, respectively. Comparison of Ks values obtained by the two permeameters at laboratory scale as well as a sensitivity analysis and a calibration, lead to the modification of the standpipe equation, to evaluate also the temporal variation of the horizontal Ks. In particular, both permeameters allow the evaluation of the Ks decreasing after 4 years-operation and 1–1.5 years' operation of the plants at full scale (filled with the small size gravel) and at pilot scale (filled with the big size gravel), respectively.

Download Full-text

Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.13.97 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 960-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Chinmay A Shukla ◽

Amol A Kulkarni

Keyword(s):

Industrial Process ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Flow Synthesis ◽

Multistep Synthesis ◽

Synthesis Strategy ◽

Line Separation ◽

Synthesis Approach ◽

Scale Of Operation

The implementation of automation in the multistep flow synthesis is essential for transforming laboratory-scale chemistry into a reliable industrial process. In this review, we briefly introduce the role of automation based on its application in synthesis viz. auto sampling and inline monitoring, optimization and process control. Subsequently, we have critically reviewed a few multistep flow synthesis and suggested a possible control strategy to be implemented so that it helps to reliably transfer the laboratory-scale synthesis strategy to a pilot scale at its optimum conditions. Due to the vast literature in multistep synthesis, we have classified the literature and have identified the case studies based on few criteria viz. type of reaction, heating methods, processes involving in-line separation units, telescopic synthesis, processes involving in-line quenching and process with the smallest time scale of operation. This classification will cover the broader range in the multistep synthesis literature.

Download Full-text

On-Line Monitoring of Nitrate and Nitrite by UV Spectrophotometry in a SBR Process Used for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.2202/1542-6580.1606 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jean-Claude Bouvier ◽

Meriem Bekri ◽

Djalel Mazouni ◽

Olivier Schoefs ◽

Jérôme Harmand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Scale ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Uv Spectrophotometry ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Time Consumption ◽

Industrial Wastewaters ◽

Calibration And Validation ◽

On Line ◽

Nitrate And Nitrite

The objective is the adaptation of an existing UV spectrophotometer for the on-line monitoring of nitrate, nitrite and soluble COD during cycles of SBRs. An on-line filtering system was also developed in order to provide particle-free fluids to the sensor. The modified UV-spectrophotometer sensor (called "STAC") was implemented into a pilot-scale bioreactor at INRA-Narbonne, treating a semi-synthetic dairy wastewater. After a calibration and validation steps, results obtained during five months have shown that the on-line spectrophotometer sensor was able to efficiently monitor on-line nitrate, nitrite in SBR content. Ranges of detection were between 0 to 40 mg/L for nitrate and 0 to 18 mg/L for nitrite, with an accuracy of about 10 %. The on-line estimation of soluble COD was less efficient. The major drawback was the time-consumption for the cleaning of the homemade on-line filter.

Download Full-text

Influence of Light Intensity and Temperature on Cultivation of Microalgae Desmodesmus Communis in Flasks and Laboratory-Scale Stirred Tank Photobioreactor

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences ◽

10.1515/lpts-2015-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Vanags ◽

L. Kunga ◽

K. Dubencovs ◽

V. Galvanauskas ◽

O. Grīgs

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Shake Flask ◽

Scale Up ◽

Biomass Concentration ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Stirred Tank ◽

Light Limitation ◽

Maximum Biomass

Abstract Optimization of the microalgae cultivation process and of the bioprocess in general traditionally starts with cultivation experiments in flasks. Then the scale-up follows, when the process from flasks is transferred into a laboratory-scale bioreactor, in which further experiments are performed before developing the process in a pilot-scale reactor. This research was done in order to scale-up the process from a 0.4 1 shake flask to a 4.0 1 laboratory-scale stirred-tank photobioreactor for the cultivation of Desmodesmus (D.) communis microalgae. First, the effect of variation in temperature (21-29 ºC) and in light intensity (200-600 μmol m-2s-1) was studied in the shake-flask experiments. It was shown that the best results (the maximum biomass concentration of 2.72 g 1-1 with a specific growth rate of 0.65 g g-1d-1) can be achieved at the cultivation temperature and light intensity being 25 °C and 300 μmol m2s-1, respectively. At the same time, D. communis cultivation under the same conditions in stirred-tank photobioreactor resulted in average volumetric productivities of biomass due to the light limitation even when the light intensity was increased during the experiment (the maximum biomass productivity 0.25 g 1-1d-1; the maximum biomass concentration 1.78 g 1-1).

Download Full-text

Application of a Small Unmanned Aerial System to Measure Ammonia Emissions from a Pilot Amine-CO2 Capture System

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20236974 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (23) ◽

pp. 6974

Author(s):

Travis J. Schuyler ◽

Bradley Irvin ◽

Keemia Abad ◽

Jesse G. Thompson ◽

Kunlei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽

Emission Measurement ◽

Atmospheric Gases ◽

Emission Data ◽

Emission Sampling ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Aerial Systems ◽

The Impact

The quantification of atmospheric gases with small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) is expanding the ability to safely perform environmental monitoring tasks and quickly evaluate the impact of technologies. In this work, a calibrated sUAS is used to quantify the emissions of ammonia (NH3) gas from the exit stack a 0.1 MWth pilot-scale carbon capture system (CCS) employing a 5 M monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent to scrub CO2 from coal combustion flue gas. A comparison of the results using the sUAS against the ion chromatography technique with the EPA CTM-027 method for the standard emission sampling of NH3 shows good agreement. Therefore, the work demonstrates the usefulness of sUAS as an alternative method of emission measurement, supporting its application in lieu of traditional sampling techniques to collect real time emission data.

Download Full-text

Influence of dissolved oxygen on nitrification kinetics in a circulating bed reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0617 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (4-5) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. Lazarova ◽

R. Nogueira ◽

J. Manem ◽

L. Melo

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Nitrification Rate ◽

Nitrification Kinetics ◽

Laboratory Scale Reactor

The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration in nitrification kinetics was studied in a new biofilm reactor, the circulating bed reactor (CBR). The study was carried out partly at laboratory scale with synthetic water containing inorganic carbon and nitrogen compounds, and partly at pilot scale for secondary and tertiary nitrification of municipal wastewater. The experimental results showed that either the ammonia or the oxygen concentration could be limiting for the nitrification rate. The transition from ammonia to oxygen limiting conditions occurred for an oxygen to ammonia concentration ratio of about 1.5 - 2 gO2/gN-NH4+ for both laboratory- and pilot-scale reactors. The nitrification kinetics of the laboratory-scale reactor was close to a half order function of the oxygen concentration, when oxygen was the rate limiting substrate.

Download Full-text

CO2 Capture, Use, and Storage in the Cement Industry: State of the Art and Expectations

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13215692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta G. Plaza ◽

Sergio Martínez ◽

Fernando Rubiera

Keyword(s):

Co2 Capture ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Cement Industry ◽

General Overview ◽

Climate Targets ◽

Commercial Scale ◽

And Storage ◽

Made In

The implementation of carbon capture, use, and storage in the cement industry is a necessity, not an option, if the climate targets are to be met. Although no capture technology has reached commercial scale demonstration in the cement sector yet, much progress has been made in the last decade. This work intends to provide a general overview of the CO2 capture technologies that have been evaluated so far in the cement industry at the pilot scale, and also about the current plans for future commercial demonstration.

Download Full-text